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1.EDIBLE AND ESSENTIAL OILS-Dr Neetu Divya

This document discusses edible and essential oils obtained from plants. It describes how edible oils are obtained from oilseeds through extraction processes like solvent extraction using petroleum or propane. Essential oils are obtained from plants and used in cosmetics, perfumes, and medicines. Common oilseeds used are groundnuts, mustard, sesame, soybeans, and sunflower seeds. The document outlines the extraction and processing of vegetable oils, including hydrogenation to produce ghee and vanaspati. It also discusses castor seed, soybeans, rice bran, linseed, and coconut as important sources of oils in India.

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110 views16 pages

1.EDIBLE AND ESSENTIAL OILS-Dr Neetu Divya

This document discusses edible and essential oils obtained from plants. It describes how edible oils are obtained from oilseeds through extraction processes like solvent extraction using petroleum or propane. Essential oils are obtained from plants and used in cosmetics, perfumes, and medicines. Common oilseeds used are groundnuts, mustard, sesame, soybeans, and sunflower seeds. The document outlines the extraction and processing of vegetable oils, including hydrogenation to produce ghee and vanaspati. It also discusses castor seed, soybeans, rice bran, linseed, and coconut as important sources of oils in India.

Uploaded by

HATIF HAIDER KHAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHPC-206 Chemical Technology-II

EDIBLE AND ESSENTIAL OILS

Dr Neetu Divya
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Dr B R Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Jalandhar,
Punjab
Natural Product Industries
✔ There are many organic compounds starting basically from CO2-O2
photosynthesis process.
✔ One of the principal industries based on natural products are edible and
Essential oils.

Type to enter a caption. Type to enter a caption.


Edible oils and Essential oils
■ Edible oils are naturally-occurring compounds based on long chain fatty
acids and esters, as well as derivatives such as glycerin, long chain fatty
alcohols, sulfonates and sulphates.
■ Such products are used for food, sanitation, polymer and in the paint
industry.
■ Another group of organs compounds which are pleasantly odoriferous is
the essential oils used in cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, and medicines.
■ Examples of commercial oilseeds are groundnuts, mustard, sesame,
soybean, sunflower seeds, linseed, caster seed and cotton seeds.
■ Some oils used for coking are called as “vegetable oils” which is a
synonym of “edible oils”.
■ However all vegetable oils are not edible, for example castor oil and
linseed oil, are non-edible.
Methods of Extracting Vegetable oils

Flow sheet for vegetable oil extraction methods.


Process Description
■ Seeds for oil are cleaned, hulled, steam cooked for 15 minutes and then
pressed in:
■ Expeller
■ Batch hydraulic press
■ A process of solvent extraction is widely used with expeller for a yield of
about 80%.
■ Solvents for such extraction used are petroleum and trichloroethylene
despite being flammable and toxic.
■ For purification, alkali such as NaOH is used for removal of fatty acids.
■ Bleaching is another way of purification with adsorbent clays such as Fuller’s
earth.
■ Filtration is also done on pre-coat rotary vacuum filters.
Process Description for extraction of vegetable
oil

Alternate method:

■ An alternate method is to use Propane for solvent extraction.

■ This is used alternatively because it is miscible with all oils below 80


degrees, but immiscible with fatty acids at 96 degrees.

■ Temperature gradients thus formed is used in an extraction column to


effect a two - phase separation.
Hydrogenation of vegetable oil
■ Hydrogenation is unit process
which is used in fat and oil industry
to remove double bonds.
■ This also raises the melting point of
the fat and improves its resistance
to rancid oxidations.
■ The major end-product in India is
Vanaspati, a solidified household
oil.
■ Other such products are Vegetable
Ghee, hardened oils and partially
hydrogenated liquid oil.
Type to enter a caption.
Hydrogenation of Vegetable oils

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Raw materials of oils

■ Groundnuts are the principal oil stock for India.


■ Other oilseeds such as cottonseed is not presently an attractive
venture due the following reasons:
■ High price of seed

■ Low oil yield, and

■ No market for oil cake.

■ However, possibly in the future some of the following oilseeds shall se


an expansion in material sources. These are:
CASTOR SEED

■ India is one of the major producers of


castor seed of about 28% of the world
production.
■ Inedible castor oil ha two major
significant potentials:
■ With suitable processing it can be used
in the manufacture of soap.
■ It can even be used in lubricant
industry, having good export potential.

Castor seed
SOYABEAN
■ It is designated as a miracle crop having
40% protein and 20% oil.
■ It has now been found of wide
importance.
■ Soyaflour, a by-product can be used for
fortification of wheat which can increase
its nutritional quality.
■ Soyaflour, is also known for its value as
cattle feed which fulfils requirement of
nutritious feed for livestock.

Soyabean
RICE BRAN OIL

■ Rice Bran is the brown coating around the


white starchy rice kernel which is obtained
by polishing rice.
■ India produces about 80 million tons of
paddy annually.
■ This can yield 5 million tons of rice bran.
■ Production of rice bran oil is estimated
around 2 lakh tons.

Rice Bran.
LINSEED

■ Linseed is mostly used for non-edible


purposes.
■ It is a dual purpose crop yielding oil
and fibre.
■ Its major portion is used in
industries, as in manufacture of
paints and varnishes.

Linseed
COCONUT OIL
■ India, now is the third largest grower
of coconuts in the world.

■ This plant uses wet processing


techniques which uses 93% of the
coconut (maximum yield).

■ India has the potential to export 1.25


lakh tons of coconut powder, 1.2 lakh
tons of oil and 1 lakh ton of other
products annually.

Coconut
Thank You

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