SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10

HÀ TĨNH TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HÀ TĨNH

NĂM HỌC 2021 - 2022
ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC MÔN THI: TIẾNG ANH
(Để thỉ có 10 trang) Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút

● Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu.

● Thí sinh làm bài trực tiếp vào đề thi, ghi câu trả lời vào các chỗ trống hoặc các ô cho sẵn.
● Hướng dẫn phần thi nghe được đọc sẵn trong đĩa CD
● Giám thị không giải thích gì thêm

Điểm của toàn bài thi Cán bộ chấm thi Sổ phách

(Ký và ghi rõ họ tên) (Do Ban làm phách ghi)
(Bằng số) (Bằng chữ)

1.

2.

I. LISTENING
Part 1. Listen and complete the notes with ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER in each gap. Write your
answers in the numbered boxes.

Enquiry about joining Youth Council

Name: Roger Brown
Age: 18
Currently staying in a ____ (1)____ during the week
Postal address: 17, ___ (2) __Street, Stamford, Lincs
Postcode: _____ (3) ______
Occupation: student and part-time job as a __ (4) ______
Studying ___(5)____ (major subject) and history (minor subject)
Hobbies: does a lot of __6___, and is interested in the __(7) ______
On Youth Council, wants to work with young people who are ____(8)____
Will come to talk to the Elections Officer next Monday at ____ (9)____ pm
Mobile number: ____(10)_____

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Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2. Listen and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers
in the numbered boxes.
11. The police know what caused the factory explosion.
12. 60 people were inside the factory.
13. Residents will probably return home at the weekend.
14. The postal strike will last for 7 days.
15. Royal Mail have had a profitable year.
16. Jonathan Moore saved £12,472 by using fake tickets.
17. Moore also sold 70 tickets on the Internet.
18. The diamond weighs over 500 grams.
19. The diamond has been named 'The Cullinan Diamond".
20. Most areas will have some rain tomorrow.
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 3. Listen to the conversation between Tony and Sue. Choose FIVE things (A-H) that helped Sue.
Write your answers (IN ANY ORDER) in the numbered box.
A. support from parents
B. being allowed to collaborate
C. meeting her tutor regularly
D. working on a previous project
E. volunteering with young people
F. visiting the university library
G. advice from an old friend
H. talking to young offenders
Your answers:
21 -> 25: _________, _________, ________, __________, ________.

II. GRAMMAR AND LEXICAL ITEMS

Part 1. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. Write your answers A, B, C or D in
the numbered boxes.
1. It was lucky that I took the document home with me. Otherwise, it __________.
A. had been stolen B. would have been stolen C. was stolen D. must have been stolen
 would have + PII: dùng để chỉ một khả năng trong quá khứ
 must have + PII: dùng để chỉ một sự suy luận hợp lý trong quá khứ
2. His doctor suggested that he ___________ a short leave of absence.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
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  Subjunctive: S + ask/command/require/order/propose/recommend/suggest/request/… + S + (should) +
Vinfi
3. After having used the new technique, the factory produced ______ cars in 2014 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice many as D. twice as many
 Cấu trúc so sánh gấp: twice/three times as + much/many/adj/adv + as
4. He ______ down as party leader. Since then, he's spent lots of his time doing volunteer work for his local
community.
A. stepped B. is stepping C. would step D. has stepped
 Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả những hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ.
Xét vế sau: Since then, he's spent lots of his time doing volunteer work for his local community: Kể từ
đó, anh ấy đã dành rất nhiều thời gian để làm công việc tình nguyện cho cộng đồng địa phương của
mình. => Vế trước phải là thì quá khứ (anh ấy đã nghỉ làm party leader)
5. I think you should book a jazz band for your birthday party, _____?
A. do B. don't I C. should you D. shouldn't you
 Câu đầu có I + think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel +
mệnh đề phụ, lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
6. There are a lot of children in the orphanage _____ lives depend on the donations from the local companies.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
 Relative Clauses:
who + V để chỉ ai
whose + N để chỉ sở hữu
which + V để chỉ vật
whom + S + V để chỉ ai
7. The more make-up she puts on, ______.
A. she looks less attractive B. less attractive does she look
C. the less attractive she looks D. the less she looks attractive
 Cấu trúc Càng … Càng: The more + N + S + V, the The + adj so sánh hơn + S + V
8. Susan is still in Paris, so you _____ her in our school library.
A. couldn't see B. can't have seen C. mustn't have seen D. weren't able to see
 can/could have + PII: diễn tả một khả năng trong quá khứ
9. Mr. Molar paid _________ visits to the dentist.
A. normal B. regular C. habitual D. customary
 pay regular visits: đến thăm, đến gặp ai thường xuyên
10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed B. to have been robbed C. robbed D. having been robbed
 Bị động dạng đặc biệt với các động từ chỉ ý kiến, quan điểm: say, think, believe, report, …
Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2
Bị động: S2 + be + V1PII + to V2 (nếu cùng thì)/to have + V2PII (nếu khác thì)
Ở đây be + V1 (PII) là is reported -> thì hiện tại
Ở mệnh đề sau có “yesterday” -> thì quá khứ
 Khác thì => Sử dụng to have + V2PII, kết hợp với dạng Bị động (bị cướp) => to have been
robbed
11. "Can't you read?" Mary said, _________.
A. and angrily pointing to the notice B. pointing angrily to the notice
C. angrily pointed to the notice D. and pointed angrily the notice
 Ta có A and B, trong đó A và B phải tương đương nhau (cùng một loại từ, cùng chia thì giống nhau) ->
said and pointed -> loại đáp án A.
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 Tuy nhiên đáp án D lại thiếu point at sbd/sth => loại đáp án D
=> Sử dụng hiện tại phân từ (Present Participle) => Chọn B
12. When she first started work, she little thought she would come ____such difficulties.
A. up against B. into C. up with D. in for
 come up against: đối mặt với một tình cảnh khó khăn
 come into: ra đời
 come up with: nghĩ ra
 come in for: có phần, được hưởng phần:
13. The book is written by a famous anthropologist. It's about the people in Samon _____for two years.
A. that she lives B. that she lives among them
C. among whom she lived D. where she lived among them
 Relative Clause: ở đây mình cần thay thế cho danh từ <the people in Samon> -> chọn C. among whom
she lived = whom she lived among
A. thiếu among
B. thừa them (vì đã có that để chỉ <the people> rồi)
D, thừa them, sai đối tượng thành <Samon> nếu dùng where
14. Peter: "Are you going to buy a new computer or continue using the old one?"
Mary: “__________”
A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, I'd like one. Thank you.
C. That's impossible. I can't afford a new one. D. Neither. I'm going to lease one.
 Neither: không cái nào trong hai
15. Not until 1856 _______ across the Mississippi River.
A. the first bridge was built B. was the first bridge built
C. the first building a bridge D. the bridge building was
 Đảo ngữ với “Not until”: Not until + time + trợ V + S + V
 Bị động (cây cầu đầu tiên được xây dựng)
16. I was surprised to find my French was still ____ good. I could use it to speak during the meeting.
A. hardly B. pretty C.prettily D. hard
 pretty (adv): khá
17. The color is wonderful and the jacket fits like a ______ but it's the price that puts me off buying it.
A. suit B. sock C. glove D. shirt
 fit like a glove: vừa như in, vừa khít
18. I wish you'd do the accounts. I don't have _____ for numbers.
A. a head B. a mind C. the heart D. the nerve
 have a (good) head for sth: có cái đầu để làm gì, có khả năng bẩm sinh để làm tốt điều gì đó
19. All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A. what is needed B. our needs for C. the thing needed D. that is needed
A, Chỉ có What is needed is, không có All what is needed is (trước What không có a, an, the, all, v.v)
B, All our needs for + N: Tất cả nhu cầu của chúng tôi cho + danh từ -> thiếu N
C, All the thing -> sai vì thing không có s
D, Relative Clause: that + V để chỉ vật
20. I know you didn't want to upset me but I' sooner you _____ me the whole truth yesterday.
A. could have told B. told C. have told D. had told
 would rather/would sooner + S + had + PII: đáng lẽ, biểu thị thời gian ở quá khứ.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2. Fill in each gap the most suitable preposition or particle. Write your answers in the numbered
boxes.
21. I don't want to intrude ____into___ their conversation.
 intrude into: xâm nhập
22. He didn't like any of the party, so he abstained __from___ voting
 abstrain sth: tránh làm một việc gì hoặc hưởng một lạc thú gì (nhất là uống rượu); kiêng; nhịn
23. I always feel ____at__ ease with Janet.
 at ease: cảm thấy thoải mái và tự tin
24. You can't impose your views __on____ your students.
 impose sth on sbd/sth: bắt ai/cái gì phải làm/chịu cái gì; áp đặt
25. Our Chinese teacher inspired us _to_____ a real love of things.
 inspire sbd to sth: truyền cảm hứng
26. I don't have time to read Emma's letter now. I will study it ___at___ leisure after supper.
 at leisure: khi tôi muốn và có thời gian làm gì đấy
27. You must try to win, but __after____ all, you must play fair.
 after all: sau tất cả
28. Don't worry! Your mother will be here ___for___ long.
 for long = for a long time
29. They blamed their defeat __on___ the media's one-sided reporting of the election campaign.
 blame sth on sbd: đổ lỗi gì cho ai đó
30. As usual, the twenty-six-year-old boxer is secure __about___ success.
 secure about sth: không có cảm giác lo âu, nghi ngờ; an tâm; yên tâm; đảm bảo

Your answers:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Part 3. Use the word given in CAPITAL to form a word that fits in the text. Write your answers in the
numbered space provided in the column on the right.
Culture shock for international students Your answers:
Students going to study in another country usually have to make a
31. adjustments
number of cultural (31) ADJUST. They may find it difficult to form (32)
32. friendship
FRIEND with local people and they will certainly have to get used to a
33. variety
(33) VARY of new things including food, the climate and the language.
34. expectations
An extra difficulty may be the different (34) EXPECT which their
35. comparison
teachers and tutors have of them in (35) COMPARE with their home
36. unprepared
country. They may be (36) PREPARE for the amount of work they have
to do on their own or the fact that their tutors are looking for originality
37. independent
and a capacity for (37) DEPEND thought rather than an ability to
memorize large quantities of information. Equally, they may sometimes
38. behaviours
be surprised by the (38) BEHAVE of their fellow students who,
39. welcoming

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 although usually friendly and (39) WELCOME, may sometimes seem a
little immature. As time passes, international students will find that 40. unfamiliar
things become easier and what was (40) FAMILIARITY to start with
will eventually seem normal.

31. adjust (v): thích nghi -> adjustments (n): sự thay đổi
A number of + N số nhiều: số lượng
32. make friendship with: kết bạn với ai
33. a variety of: nhiều
34. expectation (N): niềm mong đợi (thường là số nhiều)
35. in comparison with: so sánh với
36. be unprepared for: chưa sẵn sàng, chưa chuẩn bị cho cái gì
37. independent (a): độc lập (có thought là danh từ đứng đằng sau)
38. behavior (n): hành vi (có the đằng trước)
39. welcoming (a): thân thiện (có friendly and <welcome>, như vậy phải chia <welcome> cùng loại từ với
friendly)
40. unfamiliar (a): không thân thuộc, quen thuộc
Part 4. Replace the words in bold type with a single word from the box with the same meaning. There is
one EXTRA word. Write your answers (A-K) in the numbered boxes.

A. stabilizers B. drought C. imminent D. identification

E. scope F. unpredictable G. prospering H. nepotism
I. espionage J. entail K. precarious

41. I judged from the state of the sky that a thunderstorm was coming on.
 imminent: sắp xảy ra
42. Most modern ships are fitted with devices intended to keep them on an even keel.
 stabilizers: bộ thăng bằng ở tàu thủy, máy bay
43. People who are found guilty of the practice of spying are put in jail.
 espionage: gián điệp
44. Tom's character was such that no one could tell what he would do next.
 unpredictable: không dự đoán được
45. Throughout history, many politicians have been guilty of handing out high offices to their relations.
 nepotism: ưu đãi cho người quen, đặc biệt là công ăn việc làm
46. Hilary's business is doing exceptionally well.
 prospering: thành công; phát đạt
47. Astrophysics is a subject beyond the range of action and ability of my mind.
 scope: phạm vi, tầm (kiến thức)
48. Last year's crop failed due to dry weather and lack of rainfall.
 drought: hạn hán
49. Cheating in the exam may have as a result your disqualification.
 entail: đưa đến
50. The company's position is far from safe.
 precarious: bấp bênh
Tip làm bài thi này: Bạn có thể dựa trên loại từ của câu gốc để loại trừ các đáp án mình đang phân vân
Your answers:
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 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

III. READING
Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer A, B, C, or D best fits each gap. Write your
answers in the numbered boxes.

For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling boxan with what's called a 'gap year'. In common with many one
British teenagers, he chose to take a year out before (1) ________ to study for his degree. After doing various
jobs to (2) ________ some money, he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting
America and Asia. The more adventurous the young person, the (3) ________ the challenge they are likely to (4)
________ themselves for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can (5) ________ in a thirst for adventure.
Now that his university course has come to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that
will take him (6) ________ around the world. What's more, he plans to make the whole journey using only means
of transport which are (7) ________ by natural energy. In other words, he'll be (8) ________ mostly on bicycles
and his own legs; and when there's an ocean to cross, he won't be taking a (9) ________ cut by climbing aboard
a plane, he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship Instead.
As well as doing some mountain climbing and other outdoor pursuits along the way, Nigel hopes to (10)
________ on to the people he meets the environmental message that lies behind the whole idea.

1. A. settling down B. getting up C. taking over D. holding back

 settle down: ổn định cuộc sống, an cư lạc nghiệp, định cư
 get up: thức dậy
 take over: tiếp quản, kế tục, nổi nghiệp, tiếp tục
 hold back: ngăn lại, giữ lại, nén lại, kìm lại
2. A. achieve B. raise C. advance D. win
 raise money: huy động tiền, kiếm tiền
3. A. stronger B. wider C. greater D. deeper
 the greater the challenge: thử thách càng lớn
4. A. put B. set C. aim D. place
 set a challenge: đặt ra thử thách
5. A. result B. lead C. cause D. create
 result in: dẫn đến, đưa đến, kết quả là
6. A. just B. complete C. whole D. right
 right: ngay, chính (thường + địa điểm)
7. A. pulled B. charged C. forced D. powered
 power: cấp nguồn, nối điện, cung cấp lực (cho máy...)
8. A. relying B. using C. attempting D. trying
 rely on: dựa vào, cậy vào, nhờ vào
9. A. quick B. short C. brief D. swift
 a short cut: đường tắt
10. A. leave B. keep C. pass D. give
 pass on: đi tiếp, chuyển tiếp
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Part 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each
gap. Write your answers in the numbered boxes.
GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM HEAT
What if every single gallon of gas in our cars and lump of coal in our power plants did extra duty? What
if we could get even (11) ____more____ out of our fuel? That is the basic idea of waste heat recovery systems.
A young business called Alphabet Energy based in California aims to take the well-known idea of generating
electricity from captured heat, and use (12) ___it_____on a massive scale with a (13) ___little_____ help from
nanotechnology.
Alphabet hopes to make its name by providing a tiny chip that can be inserted into any exhaust pipe or
engine to convert heat (14) ___into_____ electrical power. This tiny chip is a clever device that can (15)
___make_____ use of heat to generate power without needing any moving parts at (16) __once______ (in
much the same way as a solar cell generates electricity from light). It is based on the familiar principle that it is
possible to use heat to push electrons through a material. Alphabet says its innovation lies not (17)
___only_____ in its choice of material but also in its special technology, all of (18) ___which_____ makes it
highly suitable for use in small pipes as well as in large factory chimneys. The device is connected by wire to
the plant's electrical system or to the grid (19) _____so___ that it is able to feed in power converted by heat in
real time.
Still only a year old. Alphabet has the ambitious goal of leading (20) ____what____ it believes could be
a $200 billion global market.

11. get more out of our fuel: khai thác nhiều hơn từ nhiên liệu
12. use it on a massive scale: dùng nó với khối lượng khổng lồ
13. a little help: một chút trợ giúp
14. convert sth into sth: biến đổi cái gì thành cái gì
15. make use of: tận dụng
16. at once: cùng một lúc
17. not only … but also: không những, mà còn
18. all of which: tất cả chúng
19. so that: để từ đó, để mà
20. leading what it believes: dẫn đầu những gì họ tin rằng (ở đây what đóng vai trò như một danh từ)

Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the option A, B, C, or D that best answers the questions.
Write your answers in the numbered boxes.
Two Englishes
American English is the name given to the form of the language used by the people of the United States
(Note that American English does not include Canadian English. The two nations use very similar pronunciation,
but in other respects, Canadian English is more like British English.) British English, or Commonwealth English,
is the variety used in the United Kingdom and its former colonies, including much of Africa, the Indian
subcontinent, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Southeast Asia. While American and British English are for
the most part reciprocally intelligible, the differences are numerous enough to cause awkward misunderstandings
and the occasional breakdown of communication.

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 Some of the most obvious differences are in vocabulary. Many of these developed between the mid-19th
and the mid-20th centuries. This was a period during which a variety of new concepts arose requiring new words.
For example, a large number of words connected with automobiles and other modern vehicles are different in the
two forms of English. The British use the Celsius temperature scale whereas Americans are more used to
Fahrenheit. An American “trunk" is a British "boot." In the U.S, they put “gas” in their cars, but in the UK, it's
"petrol." Americans say "subway" while the British say "underground” or “tube”.
While many of these differences are well-known in both countries, there is an inequality in the
comprehensibility of American terms for the British, compared with that of British terms for Americans. The use
of many British words, such as “semi" (semi-detached house) or “busk" (to play music in public in the hope of
getting donations from passers-by) is likely to completely baffle an American. The global popularity of American
movies and television shows, on the other hand, means that few Americanisms are unknown to British English
speakers.
Less noticeable, though also numerous, are differences in grammar. The present perfect tense *I've gone"
is more commonly heard in British English whereas Americans use the simple past "I went." "Did you eat yet?"
is a normal question in the U.S. while "Have you eaten yet?" is the only acceptable form for British speakers.
Collective nouns, singular nouns that describe multiple people, are another point of difference. In British English,
they are used with a plural verb: "The family are worried." Americans use them with a singular verb: "The family
is worried."

21. Which of the following best describes the reading passage?

A. An explanation of how American English and British English are often confused
B. A discussion of differences between American English and British English
C. An argument for choosing British English over American English
D. A listing of varieties of English and where they are spoken
Đoạn 1: Các loại tiếng Anh
Đoạn 2: Khác biệt về từ vựng Anh - Anh và Anh - Mỹ
Đoạn 3: Người Mỹ khó hiểu thuật ngữ của người Anh hơn
Đoạn 4: Khác biệt về ngữ pháp Anh - Anh và Anh - Mỹ
22. According to the reading, Canadian English and American English are most alike in ________.
A. grammar B. spelling C. pronunciation D. meaning
=> Note that American English does not include Canadian English. The two nations use very similar
pronunciation, but in other respects, Canadian English is more like British English.
23. The word "reciprocally" in the passage mostly means ________
A. mutually B. periodically C. differently D. similarly
reciprocally: lẫn nhau, qua lại, tương hỗ; có đi có lại, cả đôi bên
24. Which of the sentences below is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. New English words appeared.
B. The British use °C, whereas Americans are more used to °F.
C. There are two equivalent words in British English for "subway" in American English
D. In the US, people don't use cars on petrol.
=> In the U.S, they put “gas” in their cars, but in the UK, it's "petrol." (Đây chỉ là cách dùng từ: người Mỹ
không dùng từ petrol, chứ không phải không dùng xăng)
25. According to the passage, the differences sometimes cause ________.
A. awkward customers B. communicative disruptions
C. new vocabulary items D. vacation breakdowns
=> the differences are numerous enough to cause awkward misunderstandings and the occasional breakdown
of communication.

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26. The word "baffle" in the passage mostly means ________
A. enhance B. confuse C. worsen D. dismiss
baffle: làm trở ngại
27. According to the passage, American movies are ________
A. not well-known in Britain B. famous in the U.S. only
C. world-widely popular D. not normally watched
=> The global popularity of American movies and television shows.
28. The word "they” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. nouns B. people C. speakers D. Americans
=> Collective nouns, singular nouns that describe multiple people, are another point of difference. In British
English, they are used with a plural verb: "The family are worried."
29. It can be inferred from the passage that in India, the "subway" might be called ________
A. the trunk B. the train C. the tube D. subcontinent
=> British English, or Commonwealth English, is the variety used in the United Kingdom and its former
colonies, including much of Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Southeast
Asia…. Americans say "subway" while the British say "underground” or “tube”.
30. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is LEAST likely said by the British?
A. "Has he come yet?" B. "The crowd were exciting"
C. "The crowd cheered excitedly” D. "Did he come yet?"
=> "Did you eat yet?" is a normal question in the U.S.

Your answers:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29 30.

Part 4. Read the following passage carefully then do the tasks given below.
The first steam-powered machine was built in 1698 by the English military engineer Thomas Savery (c.
1650-1715). His invention, designed to pump water out of coal mines, was known as the Miner's Friend. The
machine, which had no moving parts, consisted of a simple boiler - a steam chamber whose valves were located
on the surface - and a pipe leading to the water in the mine below. Water was heated in the boiler chamber until
its steam filled the chamber, forcing out any remaining water or air. The valves were then closed and cold water
was sprayed over the chamber. This chilled and condensed the steam inside to form a vacuum. When the valves
were reopened, the vacuum sucked up the water from the mine, and the process could then be repeated.
A few years later, an English engineer named Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) improved the steam
pump. He increased efficiency by setting a moving piston inside a cylinder, a technique still in use today. A
cylinder - a long, thin, closed chamber separate from the boiler - replaced the large, open boiler chamber. A
piston - a sliding piece that fits in the cylinder - was used to create motion instead of a vacuum. Steam filled the
cylinder from an open valve. When filled, the cylinder was sprayed with water, causing the steam inside to
condense into water and create a partial vacuum. The pressure of the outside air then forced the piston down,
producing a power stroke. The piston was connected to a beam, which was connected to a water pump at the
bottom of the mine by a pump-rod. Through these connections, the movement of the piston caused the water
pump to suck up the water.
The most important improvement in steam engine design was brought about by the Scottish engineer
James Watt (1736-1819). He set out to improve the performance of Newcomen's engine and by 1769 had
arrived at the conclusion: if the steam were condensed separately from the cylinder, the cylinder could always
be kept hot. That year he introduced the design of a steam engine that had a separate condenser and sealed
cylinders. Since this kept the heating and cooling processes separate, his machine could work constantly,

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without any long pause at each cycle to reheat the cylinder. Watt's refined steam engine design used one-third
less fuel than a comparable Newcomen engine.
Over the next 15 years, Watt continued to improve his engine and made three significant additions. He
introduced the centrifugal governor, a device that could control steam output and engine speed. He made the
engine double-acting by allowing steam to enter alternately on either side of the piston. This allowed the engine
to work rapidly and deliver power on the downward and upward piston stroke. Most important, he attached a
flywheel to the engine.
Flywheels allow the engine to run more smoothly by creating a more constant load, and they convert the
conventional back-and-forth power stroke into a circular (rotary) motion that can be adapted more readily to
power machinery. By 1790. Watt's improved steam engine offered a powerful, reliable power source that could
be located almost anywhere. It was used to pump bellows for blast furnaces, to power huge hammers for
shaping and strengthening forged metals, and to turn machinery at textile mills. More than anything, it was
Watt's steam engine that speeded up the Industrial Revolution both in England and the rest of the world.
Steam was successfully adapted to powerboats in 1802 and railways in 1829. Later, some of the first
automobiles were powered by steam. In the 1880s, the English engineer Charles A. Parsons (1854-1931)
produced the first steam turbine, a new steam technology that was more efficient and which enabled the steam
engine to evolve into a highly sophisticated and powerful engine that propelled huge ships and ran
turbogenerators that supplied electricity,
Once the dominant power source, steam engines eventually declined in popularity as other power
sources became available. Although there were more than 60,000 steam cars made in the United States between
1897 and 1927, the steam engine eventually gave way to the internal combustion engine as a power source for
vehicles.
Match each statement from 31 to 35 with the correct person from the numbered boxes. Write your
answers in the numbered boxes.
A. Thomas Savery
B. Thomas Newcomen
C. James Watt
D. Charles A. Parsons
31. His invention allowed steam power to be converted into electric power. D
=> In the 1880s, the English engineer Charles A. Parsons (1854-1931) produced the first steam turbine, a
new steam technology that was more efficient and which enabled the steam engine to evolve into a highly
sophisticated and powerful engine that propelled huge ships and ran turbogenerators that supplied
electricity,
32. His invention was the single biggest step in development. C
=> The most important improvement in steam engine design was brought about by the Scottish engineer
James Watt (1736-1819).
33. His invention was a simple solution to an industrial problem. A
=> The first steam-powered machine was built in 1698 by the English military engineer Thomas Savery (c.
1650-1715). His invention, designed to pump water out of coal mines, was known as the Miner's Friend. The
machine, which had no moving parts, consisted of a simple boiler
34. His invention was the first continuous power source. C
=> his machine could work constantly (đoạn 3)
35. His invention first used a method people still use now. B
=> A few years later, an English engineer named Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) improved the steam pump.
He increased efficiency by setting a moving piston inside a cylinder, a technique still in use today.
Your answers:

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 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer to complete the box below.
Write your answers in the numbered boxes.

The Miner's Friend used condensed steam to (36) __form a vacuum_____, which sucked water from mines.
=> This chilled and condensed the steam inside to form a vacuum. When the valves were reopened, the
vacuum sucked up the water from the mine, and the process could then be repeated.
Design improved: Newcomen (37) __increased efficiency by_____ using a piston and cylinder instead of an
open boiler.
=> He increased efficiency by setting a moving piston inside a cylinder, a technique still in use today.
1769: separating heating and cooling processes meant no (38) ___long pause____ between power strokes.
=> Since this kept the heating and cooling processes separate, his machine could work constantly, without
any long pause at each cycle to reheat the cylinder.
Further development: became easier to (39) ___power machinery____ through the use of the flywheel.
=> Flywheels allow the engine to run more smoothly by creating a more constant load, and they convert the
conventional back-and-forth power stroke into a circular (rotary) motion that can be adapted more readily to
power machinery
Nineteenth century: steam power (40) __successfully adapted____ for use in various means of transport.
=> Steam was successfully adapted to powerboats in 1802 and railways in 1829.

Your answers:

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

IV. WRITING
Part 1. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first printed, using the word
given in CAPITAL. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words. Write
each answer in the space provided.
1. The coach accepted that he was fully responsible for the way his team performed. TOOK
-> The coach ____took full responsibility for his team's__ performance.
 be responsible for = take responsibility for: chịu trách nhiệm
2. Mark promised sincerely that he wouldn't watch so much TV. SINCERE
-> Mark made _______a sincere promise not___________ to watch so much TV.
 promise = make a promise: hứa
3. You've been looking miserable all day. MOON
- You've ___done nothing but moon around____ all day.
 moon around: di chuyển loanh quanh hoặc thẫn thờ không có bất kỳ mục đích rõ ràng nào, đặc biệt là vì
bạn đang hơi buồn hoặc đang yêu
S + V + nothing but + Vinfi: không làm gì ngoài
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4. I prefer to go by car rather than go by couch. SOONER
-> I ____would sooner go by car than___ by couch
 prefer to do sth: thích làm gì hơn
 rather than + Vinfi: hơn là làm gì
 would sooner + Vinfi: thích làm gì hơn
5. Sheila has become too big to wear this pullover. GROWN
- Sheila ___has grown out of this___ pullover
 grow out of: quá cao hoặc quá lớn để mặc gì hoặc sử dụng cái gì

Part 2. ESSAY WRITING

It is said that grade-9 students should do nothing but spend most of their time studying for the entrance
examination to their favorite high schools. To what extent do you agree?
Write an essay in about 250 words, use specific details and examples to explain your view.

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