Singapore Mathematical Society

Singapore Mathematical Olympiad (SMO) 2014

Junior Section (First Round)

I\-resday, 3 June 2Oi4 0930-120O hrs

fnstructions to contestants

1. Ansiter ALL 35 questions.

2. Enter Uour dnsuers on the answer sheet prouided.

3. For multiple choice questi,ons, enter your ansaer on the ensuer sheet by shading the
t'he
bubble containing the letter (A, B, C, D or E) cotresponding to the correct
ansuer.
,1. For the other shoft questions, wrile your anstrler on lhe answer sheet and. shad.e lhe ap_
propriate bubble below your qnswer.

5. No sleps are needcd to juslify your ansuers.

6. Each question canies 1 marh.
7. No colculalors are ollow.d.
8. Throughout this paper, let lr) denote the grcatest integer ress than or equar to x. For
exampte, L2.11 :2, l.3.9J : 3.

PLEASE,DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Multiple Choice Questions

l.Letn,yandzberealnumberssatisfyingr>y>0andzl0.Whichoftheinequalities
below is nol, always true?

(A) n+z>y+z (B) c-z>a-z (Q) rz>vz (D) !+z>f,+z

(E) rz2 > gz2

2. If the radius of a circle is increased by 100%, the a.rea is correspondingly increased by how
many percent?

(A) 50% (B) 100% (c) 200% (D) 300% (E) 400%

3. If a :
rt, b: '/do, find the value of ./63.
b-:" (c) .$
vrl J::
(^\ B\
\-t l0 b
(D)
. , *t00 (E) Noneof rheabove
"r/tg

4. Find the value

'*'*" of
"' --L + l--: + t+*6'-.
I - ltB' t1Y5 ' -]
(A) -1 (B) 1 (C) -/5 (D) r'5 (E) None of the above

5. Andrew, Catherine, Michael, Nick and Sally ordered difierent items for lunch. These are
(in no pa.rticula.r order): cheese sandwich, chicken rice' duck rice, noodles and steak. Find
out what Catherine had for lunch if we are given the following information:
1. Nick sat between liis friend Sa.l1y ard the person who ordered steak.
2. Michael does nol likc noodles.
3. The person who a,te noodles is Sally's cousin.
4. Ncither Catherine, N{ichael nor Nick likes rice.
5. Andlew had duck rice.
(A) Cheese sandrvich (B) Chicken rice (C) Duck rice (D) Noodles (E) Steak

6. At 2:40 pm, the angle formed by the hour and minute ha,nds of a clock is oo, where
0 < c < 180. What is the value of c?

(A) 60' (B) 80' (c) 100" (D) 120' (E) 160"

7. In',the fig1re below, each distinct letter represents a unique digit such that the arithmetic
sum hoLds. If the lettel L represents 9, what is the digit represented by the letter T?

TERRIBLE
+NUMBER
THIRTEEN.
(A) 4 (B) 5 (c) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8
 8. A regular cube is to have 2 faces coloured red, 2 faces coloured blue and 2 faces coloured
orange. We consider two colourings to be the same if one can be obtained by a rotation
of the cube from another. How many different colourings are there?

(A) 4 (B) 5 (c) 6 (D) 8 (E) e

9. It AABC, AB: AC, IBAC :120', D is the midpoint of BC, arld. E is a point on -48
such that DE is perpendiculax to.AB. Find the ratio AE: BD.
(A) 1:2 (B) 2:3 (c) t:y'5 (D) t:2t/5 (E) 2:3J-J

10. How many Eays are there to add four positive odd numbers to get a sum of 22?
(A) 14 (B) i5 (c) 16 (D) 17 (E) 18

Short Questions

11. Succcssive discounts of 10% and 20% are equivalent to a single discount of r%. What is
thc value of r?

12. The diagram below shorvs the front view of a container, with a rectangular base. The
container is filled with q,-ater up to a height of 6 cm. If the container is turned upside
dorvn, tbe height of the empty space is 2 cm- Given that the total volume of the container
is 28 cm3, find the volume of the rvater in cm3.

l
2 cnl,

,"^
i

73. Le't, A be the solution of the equation

r-7 z-8 r-lO n-77
:r-8-n-9:"-n r-12'
Find the value of 61.

14. The sum of the two smallest positive divisors of an integer N is 6, while the sum of the
two largest positive divisors of N is 1122. Find N.

15. Let D be the absolute value of the difference of the two roots of the equation 3r2 - 70x -
zOr :0. Find [r].
16. If rn and n are positive real numbers satisfying the equation

m + 4\/tnn - 2\/tn - 41/A + 4n:3,

+ zt/i + zo]4'
'' t/m
find the value o,
4 '/*-2'/i
17. In the diagram below, ABCD'tE a trapezium with.4B ll DC afi, IABC = 90o. Points E
and F lie on .4.B an<i BC respectively such that IEFD :9A". If CD + DF : BC :4,
find the perimeter of ABFE.

13. If p, q and r are prime numbers such that theh product is 19 times their sum, find p2 *
q2 +12.

19. John received a box containing some marbles. Upon inspecting the marbles, he immedi-
atcly discarded 7 that rvele chipped. He then gave onc-fifth of the marbles to his brother.
After adding the remaining ma.rbles to his original collection of 14, John discovered that
he could dividc his marbles into groups of 6 with exactly 2 left over or he could divide
]ris marbles into groups of 5 rvith none Ieft over. \ltrat is the smallcst possible number of
marbles that John received from the box?

20. Let N be a 4digit number rvith the property that when a.ll the digits of N are added to
N itself, the total equals 2019. Find the sum of all the possible values of N.

21. There are exactly two ways to insert the numbers 1,2 and 3 into the circles

C.O'C
such that every order relation < or > between numbers in adjacent circles is satisfied. The
two ways are @< @> @ and @< @> @.
Find the totai rrumher of possible ways to insert the numbers 3,1,4,1,5,9.,2 and 6 into the
circles below, such that every order relation < or > between the numbers in adjacent pairs
of chcles is satisfied.

o,o,c,o.o.c
 22. Let ABCD be a square of sides g cm. If E and F are la.riabre
points on BC and cD
respectively such that BE:
cF, find the smallest possible a.rea of the triangle x^q,pp io
cm2.

zJ. If o,6 and c a.re n satisfying a* 2b-flc:20t4 and2a+Jb+2c:2074,

"i;Trfrrl**bers
find the valrre
ac*bc-ab

In the diagram below, AABC

CE:7 and LACB : 4CED.":d lqDp are two right_angled triangles with AC :24,
Find rhe length of thJline sfiment.,{.8.

The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is 10 and thb ra.dius of

the inscribed circle is
Find the perimeter of the triangle.

26. Let r bea real number satisfying - i)' :

", * *.
(o 3. Eva.luate

27. For 2 S c < 8, d"lig l.@) : b - 2l + lr - al - pr - Find the sum of the ta.rgesr
.*"
and sma,llest vatues of f (c).
61.

28. If both n and t/&T 2dE are positive integers, find the maximum value of n.

to Let N :dd,be a digit perfect square that satisfies 6: s.ca+ t. Find the sum of all
possible l'a,lues of N.
(The notation n : dD means that n is a 2-digit number and its value is given by n : 10o*6.)
30. Find f[g fJ'llowing sum:

(;.i.i.i* .*). (?.i.;. .*)

. (:.;++ +*)- * (,,2*';) -'j.

37. lf I fu : 7, ax2 + W2 : 49,ars + W3: 133, and oro + bgo= 406, find the value of
aa
2oI4(x + a - ca) - 100(o + b).

32. Fot a > $, we define

18"-l a+l
Vr +
3

Find ihe maximum ralue of 9(a).

33. In the diagram below, ,4D is perpendicular to ,4C and, IBAD : IDAE: 12". If
AB + AE : BC, frid, IABC.

34. Define ,9 to be the set consisting of positive integers n, such that the inequalities

17< 15'
"+k<
hold for eractly one positive integer k. Find the largest element of ,9.

35. The number 22e has exactly 9 distinct digits. Which digit is missing?
 2014 Singapore Senior Math Olympiad

Singapore Senior Math Olympiad 2014

– Multiple Choice

– June 3rd

1 If α and β are the roots of the equation 3x2 + x − 1 = 0, where α > β, find the
value of αβ + αβ .
7 7 7 7 1
(A) 9 (B) − 9 (C) 3 (D) − 3 (E) − 9

20143 −20133 −1
2 Find the value of 2013×2014 .
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) 11

log5 9 log7 5 log3 7 1√

3 Find the value of √
log2 6
+ log9 6
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 7

4 Find the smallest number among the following numbers:

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
(A)
√ 55− 52 (B) 56− 53 (C) 77− 74 (D) 88− 85 (E) 70−
67

5 Find the largest number among the following numbers:

(A) 3030 (B) 5010 (C) 4020 (D) 4515 (E) 560

6 Given that tan A = 12 3

5 , cos B = − 5 and that A and B are in the same quadrant,
find the value of cos(A − B).
63 64 63 64 65
(A) − 65 (B) − 65 (C) 65 (D) 65 (E) 63

7 Find the largest number among the following numbers:

√ √
(A) tan 47◦ +cos 47◦ (B)
√ cot 47◦ + 2 sin 47◦ (C) 2 cos 47◦ +sin 47◦ (D) tan 47◦ +
cot 47◦ (E) cos 47◦ + 2 sin 47◦

8 △ABC is a triangle and D, E, F are points on BC, CA, AB respectively. It is

given that BF = BD, CD = CE and ∠BAC = 48◦ . Find the angle ∠EDF
(A) 64◦ (B) 66◦ (C) 68◦ (D) 70◦ (E) 72◦

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 2014 Singapore Senior Math Olympiad

9 Find the number of real numbers which satisfy the equation x|x−1|−4|x|+3 =
0.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

1 √4 1
10 If f (x) = x − x
+ 3 where 16 ≤ x ≤ 1, find the range of f (x).
(A) − 2 ≤ f (x) ≤ 4 (B) − 1 ≤ f (x) ≤ 3 (C) 0 ≤ f (x) ≤ 3 (D) −
1 ≤ f (x) ≤ 4 (E) None of the above

– Short Answer

– June 3rd

27×9x 3x
11 Suppose that x is real number such that 4x = 8x . Find the value of
2−(1+log2 3)x

12 Evaluate 50(cos 39◦ cos 21◦ + cos 129◦ cos 69◦ )

13 Suppose a and b are real numbers such that the polynomial x3 + ax2 + bx + 15
has a factor of x2 − 2. Find the value of a2 b2 .

14 In triangle △ABC, D lies between A and C and AC = 3AD, E lies between

B and C and BC = 4EC. B, G, F, D in that order, are on a straight line and
BD = 5GF = 5F D. Suppose the area of △ABC is 900, find the area of the
triangle △EF G.

15 Let x, y be real numbers such that y = |x − 1|. What is the smallest value of
(x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 ?

3!+4! 4!+5! 12!+13!

16 Evaluate the sum 2(1!+2!) + 3(2!+3!) + ··· + 11(10!+11!)

17 Let n be a positive integer such that 12n2 + 12n + 11 is a 4-digit number with
all 4 digits equal. Determine the value of n.

18 Given that in the expansion of (2 + 3x)n , the coefficients of x3 and x4 are in

the ratio 8 : 15. Find the value of n.

19 In a triangle △ABC it is given that (sin A + sin B) : (sin B + sin C) : (sin C +

sin A) = 9 : 10 : 11.
Find the value of 480 cos A

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 2014 Singapore Senior Math Olympiad

! √ x4 −9x3 +5x2 −7x+68

20 Let x = 37 − 20 3. Find the value of x2 −10x+19

21 Let n be an integer, and let △ABC be a right-angles triangle with right angle
at C. It is given that sin A and sin B are the roots of the quadratic equation

(5n + 8)x2 − (7n − 20)x + 120 = 0.

Find the value of n

22 Let S1 and S2 be sets of points on the coordinate plane R2 defined as follows

S1 = (x, y) ∈ R2 : |x + |x|| + |y + |y|| ≤ 2

S2 = (x, y) ∈ R2 : |x − |x|| + |y − |y|| ≤ 2

Find the area of the intersection of S1 and S2

√ √ √ √
23 Let n be a positive integer, and let x = √n+2−√n and y = √n+2+√n .
n+2+ n n+2− n

It is given that 14x2 + 26xy + 14y 2 = 2014. Find the value of n.

24 Find the number of integers x which satisfy the equation (x2 − 5x + 5)x+5 = 1.

25 Find the number of ordered pairs of integers (p,q) satisfying the equation p2 −
q 2 + p + q = 2014.

26 Suppose that x is measured in radians. Find the maximum value of

sin 2x + sin 4x + sin 6x
cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x
π
for 0 ≤ x ≤ 16

27 Determine the number of ways of colouring a 10 × 10 square board using two

colours black and white such that each 2 × 2 subsquare contains 2 black squares
and 2 white squares.

28 In the isoceles triangle ABC with AB = AC, D and E are points on AB and
AC respectively such that AD = CE and DE = BC. Suppose ∠AED = 18◦ .
Find the size of ∠BDE in degrees.

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 2014 Singapore Senior Math Olympiad

29 Find the number of ordered triples of real numbers (x, y, z) that satisfy the
following systems of equations: x2 = 4y − 4, y 2 = 4z − 4, z 2 = 4x − 4

30 Let X = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and A = 1, 2, 3, 4. Find the number of 4-element

subsets Y of X such that 10 ∈ Y and the intersection of Y and A is not empty.

31 Find the number of ways that 7 different guests can be seated at a round table
with exactly 10 seats, without removing any empty seats. Here two seatings
are considered to be the same if they can be obtained from each other by a
rotation.

8(x+y)(x3 +y 3 )
32 Determine the maximum value of (x2 +y 2 )2
for all (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)

33 Find the value of 2(sin 2◦ tan 1◦ + sin 4◦ tan 1◦ + · · · + sin 178◦ tan 1◦ )

34 Let x1 , x2 , . . . , x100 be real numbers such that |x1 | = 63 and |xn+1 | = |xn + 1|
for n = 1, 2 . . . , 99.
Find the largest possible value of (−x1 − x2 − · · · − x100 ).

35 Two circles intersect at the points C and D. The straight lines CD and BY XA
intersect at the point Z. Moreever, the straight line W B is tangent to both of
the circles. Suppose ZX = ZY and AB · AX = 100. Find the value of BW .

– Second Round

– June 28th

1 In the triangle ABC, the excircle opposite to the vertex A with centre I touches
the side BC at D. (The circle also touches the sides of AB, AC extended.) Let
M be the midpoint of BC and N the midpoint of AD. Prove that I, M, N are
collinear.

2 Find, with justification, all positive real numbers a, b, c satisfying the system of
equations:
√ √ √
a b = a + c, b c = b + a, c a = c + b.

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 2014 Singapore Senior Math Olympiad

3 Some blue and red circular disks of identical size are packed together to form
a triangle. The top level has one disk and each level has 1 more disk than the
level above it. Each disk not at the bottom level touches two disks below it and
its colour is blue if these two disks are of the same colour. Otherwise its colour
is red.
Suppose the bottom level has 2048 disks of which 2014 are red. What is the
colour of the disk at the top?

4 For each positive integer n let

x n = p 1 + · · · + pn

where p1 , . . . , pn are the first n primes. Prove that for each positive integer n,
there is an integer kn such that xn < kn2 < xn+1

5 Alice and Bob play a number game. Starting with a positive integer n they
take turns changing the number with Alice going first. Each player may change
the current number k to either k − 1 or ⌈k/2⌉. The person who changes 1 to 0
wins. Determine all n such that Alice has a winning strategy.

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 Singapore Mathematical SocietY
Singapore Mathematical Olyrnpiad (SIr{O) 2014
(Open Section, First round)

'Wednesday, 4 June 2014 0930-1200 hrs

Instructions to contestants

1, Answer ALL 25 questions.

2. write aour answers in the answer sheet prouided and shade th'e appropriate bubbles
below your atuswers.

3. No steps are needed to justi'Jy Aour answers'

I. Each question carries 1 mark.

5. No calculators are rl'llowed.

PLEASE DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

1
In this paper, fu.l denotes the greatest integer not exceeding r. For examples, L5l : 5;

12.81 :2' and l-2.31 -3.

l. Find the sum

12 x 3f 22 x 4+32 x 5* 42 x 6+. . *202 x22.

2. In the following figure, ABC is a triangle and both ABC' and AB'C are equilateral
triangles. Let O be the meeting point of lines CC' and B B' . Find IBOC in degrees.

3. Consider the function g(r) - A"2 + 8", where ,4 and B are constants. Assume that
z, u are tn'o numbers such that

g(z - 3) : g(u+3), and u - uf 6.

Find the largest possibie value of A (g(u + u))'z + Bg(u + u).

Let a1,a2,. ' ' and b1,b2, ' ' be two arithmetic progressions such that or : 10 and
bt :24. and that a1s6 * b16s - 2014 Find the sum of the first twenty terms of the
sequence
at * bt, az * bz, as 1- be, ' ' ' .

5. The figure below (not drawn to scale) shows a triangle ABC wlth BC = 8 cm,
BA: 4 cm and AC :2^/3I cm. The point M is the midpoint of AC. Find the
iength of BM in centimetres.
6. Il r,y and z are real numbers satisfying the equ ation 12 +yz -l z2 - ry -gz- zt:27 '
find the r:raximum value of lY - zl'

7. The set ,4 is a nolr-empty subset of the set {I,2,3,4'5,6,7' 8' 9} with the
prope-rtv
- that wheneve r a e A, then 10 - o € '4 How many possible subsets A are there?

8. In the sequence

123123 81 2 1512 24
4'4' 4's's's' '9'16'16' Ta'zs'%' '%'
. 2014 _,
Find
ihe .ly'ih term is ,N
ffi.

I f (, ] ,)
x)
f(t) for all real
9. A real-valuod function I satisfies the equal-ion r-7
numbers r I 0,I. Find 24 x f(-3)'

10. Given that o : log2 3, b : - 1og+ 5 and c : - logz 3 * iog, 5, find the value of
. tt
a'o'c -2

2"\ b" 2b2 I oc 2c2 i ob

11. Let rn be the smallest value of the function 3r -- !6r+ h +T +

Determine lrnl .

12. Find the number oftriples (a, b, c) such that a,6, c are
numbers in the set {1' 2' 3' " '15}
satisfuing the conditions a < b - I and b < c - 2'

the common difference

13. The first term of a.n arithmetic progression is an integer and
progression is 2014'
is 2. If the sum of the first n tlrms (n' > 1) of the arithmetic
fin<l the sum of all the possible values of n'

14. Let o; e {1, -1) for aJ1 i' : L,2'3.,' ' ' ,20L4 ald

M:
r<, <j
t <2014
aiaj.

Find the least possible positive value of M

15. Find the largest even four-digit perfect square whose units
digit exceeds the tens
digit by 1 an-d whose thousands digit exceeds the hundreds digit
by 1'
 1b. Let ABC be a triangle wiih a : BC,b: AC and c: ,48. Assume that 3o2+3b2 :
5c2' Find the value of
cotA + col., B
cot C

17. Find the number of integers A in the set - {1, 2, 3, . . . ,1,20i.4} such that ft is of
^g
exactly one of the following forms

n2,n3,n5,

where n iu an integer.

(Note: For example, 100, 1000 are such numbers but 64:82 - 43 is not.)

18. Let a,b.,c be positive real numbers such that obc: 1. Find the least possible value
of
201.4 2074 2014
a3(6 + c) '
| cl,
611o 1-.1 A
19. A sequence ao,gt,az, a3, .. ., r.vith at:7, is defined such that for any positive
integers rzr, and n, where m) n, the terms of the sequence satisfy the relation

am+n I am,n + rn - n - irr^ + a2.) + J..

o'otn
Find the uulu" of I l.
L2074 )

20. Let ru be a positive integer such that, for each of the digits 0, 1,.. ., 9, there exists
a factor of n ending in that digit. What is the smallest possible value of n?

21 . Let a1,a2,a3,... )a2o0t)... be an arithmetic progression such that al+ aloo, < t0.
Find the largest possible value of the fotlowing expression

atoot * (i,noz* rhss3 * . .. * azoor.

22. It is given that w, a,b and c are positive integcrs that satisfy the equation

l: a! +b! + c!.

Find ihe largest possrble value of u I o+b 1..

In the triangle ABC, AB :63

cm,BC :56 cm.CA:49 cm, M is the midpoint
of BC , and the extension of AM meets the circumcircle a_, of the triangle AEC at
P. The circle through P and tangent to BC at M intersects o at e distinct from
P. Find the length of MQ in centimetres.
24. Let M and C be two tiistinct points on the arc AB of a circle such
that M is the
rriap"i"i rft. *c AB. If D is the foot of the perpendicular hom M onto the
chord AC such that 4p : 100 cm and DC: 36 cm, find the Iength
"f of the chord
BC in centimetres.

AD bethe bisector of lA of the triangle ABC. Let M atd N be

points on ,48
Let
*ra iC,respectively such that IMDA: IABC and' INDA: IACB'
Let P be
tuu iot"rr."tion between AD and Ml{. suppose AD
: 14 cm. Find the r'n}ue of
AB x AC x AP in cm3.