Abstract

Automatic Switch is a device that detects the presence of a human in a predefined area and can
turn on the lights or any electrical appliances that we want. The device will automatically turn off the
lights or electrical appliance if nobody is presence in the area. PIR sensor is used to detect the presence
of a human. Brain of the system is Arduino PRO mini which will drive the PIR sensor and electrical
appliances.

Introduction
Human beings are wasting too much of electrical energy by not turning off the lights, fans and
many other electrical appliances when they are not using it. To overcome this problem we have
developed a device that can be fitted anywhere in offices or homes. As the device will detect the
presence of Human and automatically turn on and off the device. To detect the presence of human we
are using PIR Sensor. PIR consist of IR sensors and IR sensors are used to the heat of the human body
and it will turn on the electrical appliances. Arduino mini pro is used to control the PIR sensor and
electrical appliances. Relay modules are used to control the electrical appliances.

Literature survey
Literature review is nothing but the study of the previously existing systems and also collection
of the information needed to improve our task. It will be helpful to understand recent approaches,
methods and also theories regarding the topic. It provides a new platform to develop our new ideas and
concepts. There are several journal papers that have been published based on the smart lighting which
is the hot topic in the current research. Efforts are made to improve the current approaches for the
lighting system for better efficiency and low power consumption with hybrid approach.

Soyoung Hwang et al.[1] proposed a remote monitoring and controlling system which is based
on zigbee networks. Real time monitoring is implemented with JMF. It is a multimedia extension API of
java.

Richu Sam Alex et al.[2] proposed a system which reduces the power consumption of the street
lighting system about 30% compared to conventional design. This system is fully automated. It also uses
Zigbee so that control station can also analyze all the performances of the system.

Daeho Kim et al.[3] worked on smart LED lighting system by using Infrared and Ultrasonic
sensors together. Here they proposed a model which continuously tracks the human motion. Output
based on the human tracking data which is obtained by these sensors are responsible for determining
the On-Off control of the LED lighting. Previously existing system fails in continuously monitoring the
motion of an object by using each sensors separately. For the same reason, the efficiency of the existing
system is low. By the hardware implementation they developed a model to improve the efficiency which
helps in smart lighting. The proposed approach make use of sensors in which IR sensor sends the sensed
data to the MCU board which in turn sends the same data to the LED control layer. Depending on the
results of the sensed data LED control layer turns on the lighting system. Human presence is detected by
IR sensor and continuous tracking is possible by the Ultrasonic (US) sensor. As before the sensed values
are sent to the MCU board by US sensor which controls the On-Off of the lighting. US-IR positioning
based system has to be studied in future.

B. K. Subramanyam et al.[4] have developed a model which provides smart lighting system on
streets which is mainly solar based. The people work for late nights and also most of the criminal
activities occur during nights. Under these situations, to provide security, controlling and monitoring of
street light is developed together with GUI. Even the usage of solar panel is helpful for saving the power
and money. At the PC side, graphical user interface (GUI) takes part in controlling the street light. For
monitoring and controlling the lamps on streets, Zigbee technology is used. More power and energy is
saved by using LDR and IS sensors. Basically this proposed model works on the two operational modes.
They are Auto and Manual mode. In Auto mode On-Off of the light are done by using LDRs which
measures the intensity of light. Controlling is by use of relays. In the Manual mode, the controlling and
monitoring of the street lights is made successful by using the specially designed GUI and by using the
Zigbee technology. This proposed system is helpful to provide the street lighting in the rural and urban
areas where the traffic is low at times. This system maintains the user satisfaction and is versatile.

Raja R et al,[5] worked on the energy saving concepts. Here, smart sensor networks in DC
electrical appliances like lighting, helps for monitoring of energy usage. Conventional lamps are powered
by AC grid but for LED DC supply is sufficient. Dimming of light can also be achieved by using appropriate
protocol helps in energy saving. Replacing the traditional lamp by LED makes 44% energy saving.

Michele Mango et al.[6] proposed a low cost, wireless, adaptable sensor based smart lighting
system which makes use of PIR sensors and motion sensors. It is helpful for controlling the light intensity
and power consumption using LED light. Dimming of light is achieved using PIR sensor only in presence
of obstacles around. Main advantage of this system is energy conservation. In this paper we are planning
to propose a system which make use of PyorelectricInfrared (PIR) sensor, CO2 sensor & Light sensors
( LDR). The dimming of light is achieved using PIR sensor. Intensity measurement and power
consumption is measured by using Light sensors. The microcontroller platform used is Arduino uno R3 at
sender side and at the receiver end PIC16F877a is used. PIC microcontroller usage helps in linear
programming. The intensity, CO2 emission, power consumption comparisons are displayed using LCD
display. These sensors are helpful for energy saving. The usage of solar panel further help to save some
more power and energy

Limitation of existing system-problem statement

Objective
1. Make a sytem which responds to only human motion.
2. Make system dealing with artificial intelliajance and gives desired result.
Expected Input Output
I\p : Human motion
 o\p : Light source on off.

Our idea

Light source

Relay as
switch

PIR Motion Human body

GSM module \
Bluethooth
module

WORKING PRINCIPLE
Here in this project our objectives is to familiar with real time
hardware and realtime problem ethics. Here we are going to use PIR motion
sensor as primary motion detecting source which will gives signal to
microcontroller. As our objectives include we have charge on to motion sensor
and forcefully shutdown the light source in emergency conditions we have
anather signaling option as blurthoot or gsm module as per application needed.
Which will futher overrides on sensor signal and controlle the light.
With third input we are going to put intelliance in our sensor by defining
humanbody dataset in controller. With the help of this we our main objectives i.e
light source get on only and only motion caused bye human bodies.
 Application
1. In Malls changing room lights.
2. In lifts lightening system.
3. Warranda’s light
4. Parking lights.
5. Staicase lights

References
[1] Subitha M.B “Microcontroller based tracking system for the detection of Human
presence in critical Areas” vol.2,Issue 4, IJEDR 2014

[2] Saravana Kumar K , Priscilla P, Germiya K Jose , Balagopal G , “Human Detection Robot
using PIR Sensors”,International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research (IJSETR) Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

[3] Jaeseok Yun and Sang-Shin Lee, “Human Movement Detection and Identification Using
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors” Sensors 2014

[4] K Sravani, Md Parvez Ahmed, N Chandra Sekhar, G Sirisha, V Prasad, “Human Motion
Detection Using Passive Infra Red Sensor”, International Journal of Research in
Computer Applications & Information Technology, Volume2, Issue 2, March April, 2014.