Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
Unit 1: Information and Communications Technology Today: Development and
Commonly Used Tools
Lesson 1: ICT Today
Introduction
Hello students! How are you today? I hope you
are doing just fine, because today we are going to study
about ICT and go back to history when it all started.
This lesson introduces Information and Communication
Technology on our country, Web concepts and its
versions. ICT has been a big help for everyone because
it modernizes communication methods such as the use
of phones, computers, and the internet. It also helped to
bridge the cultural gap whereas ICT has been the
platform to exchange views and ideas.
Learning Objectives
After studying and completing this module with 80% to 100% mastery of the topic and get at least
24 points in the activity, you are expected to:
a. Improve students’ knowledge on how ICT affects everyday lives.
b. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites, and content.
c. Apply online safety, security, ethics etiquette standards and practices in the use of ICT.
d. Create a blueprint of a futuristic device connected to ICT in the context of their lives, society,
and chosen professional (i.e., Arts, Technical Vocational, Sports, and Academic Tracks)
Pre-requisite Skills / Review
Before we begin to our lesson, let us answer some questions that will help you to understand this
topic.
1. What is the meaning of ICT?
2. Who is the father of computers?
3. What do you call the first ever computer?
4. Who invented the World Wide Web (WWW)?
5. What is the name of the first ever internet?
Lesson 1.1 - Introduction to ICT
Information and communication technology collectively refer to the technologies, both hardware
and software, that enable humans to communicate with one another.
Periods of ICT Development
➢ Pre-mechanical period
o around 3000 BCE to 1450 CE
o humans started communicating with one
another using words and pictograms carved
in rocks
o started to write symbols as substitutes for
pictures to depict ideas, objects, and animals
Page 1 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
o the Abacus was considered as the first counting
device in the 2nd century BCE
➢ Mechanical Period
o this period is the advent of the
mechanical calculator called the Pascaline
Blaise Pascal - Pascaline
o Charles Babbage (Father of
Computers), a mathematician invented the
Analytical Engine, which considered the first
programmable mechanical computer.
Charles Babbage – Analytical
o Ada Lovelace (first computer
programmer) provided the algorithm for the
analytical engine.
Ada Lovelace
➢ Electromechanical Period
o in this period, the use of electricity for
information handling and transfer
bloomed
o this period saw the use of the Telegraph
(a first electrical communication device
invented by William Cooke and Charles
Wheatstone in year 1837)
o in 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was
granted the patent for the telephone. The
telephone converts sound into electricity
and enables the telephones network to
transmit it over copper wires
➢ Electronic Period
o the last period in ICT history
o it started in 1940s and continues to the present. It focused on the advent of solid-
state devices or electronic devices
Page 2 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
o the four main events found in this period are the late vacuum tubes period, the
transistors period, the integrated circuits period, and the computer processors
period
VACUUM TUBES
• Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
(ENIAC) – the first electronic and general-purpose
computer, it marked a revolutionary period in
computing because ENIAC was a big machine that
occupied an area of 167 square meters.
TRANSISTORS
• an electronic device with properties and functions
similar to vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and
faster
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• (Jack Kilby) a device that is composed of a group of
transistors and circuit elements compressed in a
single package. It revolutionized the use of computers
and electronic devices because circuits are integrated
in a chip.
COMPUTER PROCESSOR
• (Constructed in the forms of IC) personal computers
used these processors to deliver user applications.
Computers are evolving from basic textual interfaces
to graphical user interface (GUI)
Page 3 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
Lesson 1.2 – ICT Today
• How many of the items or icons in the image above are you familiar with?
• Which ones are you unfamiliar with?
Internet
• Refers to the network of computers connected to each other globally.
• Originated in the U.S. Government when they started the Advanced Research
Project Agency (ARPA) that led to the creation of wide-area packet switching which
is considered as the first internet known as ARPANET.
World Wide Web
- Invented by British Computer Scientist Tim-Berners Lee
- The system that enables user to access hypertext documents and other files over the internet.
- Collection of Billions of webpages
Webpage and Website
- Webpage is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web written in HTML
language.
- Website is the collection of webpages consisting of a file called “Homepage”.
Web browser
- An application or software program that allows a
user to locate, access, and display web pages in the
World Wide Web.
Examples:
a. Google Chrome
b. Internet Explorer
c. Mozilla Firefox
d. Safari
Web Version
1. Web 1.0 or the read-only Web (static web) wherein the information or hypertext file is
accessed by the user in a mono-directional way. There were no facilities to interact with
it other than to read or view the content. Core protocols of web 1.0 were HTTP, HTML
and URI.
Example: Personal website (Jekyll, Hexo, Hugon and Octopress)
2. Web 2.0 or the read-and-write Web (dynamic web) - users or viewers can edit the
content of the files they were accessing. This type of web is also known the wisdom web,
people-centric web, participative web, and could become bi-directional. Web 2.0 is not
only a new version of web 1.0; Flexible web design, creative reuse, updates, collaborative
content creation and modification were facilitated through web 2.0.
Example: Social Medias, Amazon and HubSpot
Page 4 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
3. Web 3.0 or the semantic executing web - The basic idea of web 3.0 is to define structure
data and link them to more effective discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across
various applications. Web 3.0 tries to link, integrate, and analyze data from various data
sets to obtain new information stream; It can improve data management, support
accessibility of mobile internet, simulate creativity and innovation, encourage factor of
globalization phenomena, enhance customers’ satisfaction, and help to organize
collaboration in social web. It is the envisioned to be a smarter access of hypertext files
and a version that would enable a wider range of search in a fast manner.
Example: Wolfram Alpha and Apple's Siri
4. Web 4.0 or the Symbiotic Web - Web 4.0 will be the read-write-execution-concurrency
web. Web 4.0 is still an underground idea in progress and there is no exact definition of
how it would be. Although there is no exact idea about web 4.0 and its technologies, but it
is obvious that the web is moving toward using artificial intelligence to become as an
intelligent web. The dream behind of the symbiotic web is interaction between humans
and machines in symbiosis. The Web 4.0 or webOS will be parallel to the human brain and
implies a massive web of highly intelligent interactions.
Example: Sensors and Virtual reality (searching lost item at home such as car key
or mobile phones using google)
Lesson 1.3 – ICT Trends and Emerging Technologies
• Nano learning - Nano learning represents an interesting methodology that offers an effective
alternative to traditional lessons. Basically, it consists of incorporating bite-sized learning
solutions into the daily classroom routine, with the use of electronic media and without the
interaction with real time instructor. Providing students with smaller amounts of inputs over
a shorter time frame is proven to increase the ability to take and retain information.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) – refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
Example: Face Detection and recognition, Chatbots, E-payments
• Wearable Technology - also known as "wearables", is a category of electronic devices that can
be worn as accessories, embedded in clothing, implanted in the user's body, or even tattooed on
the skin. The devices are hands-free gadgets with practical uses, powered by microprocessors
and enhanced with the ability to send and receive data via the Internet.
Example: Fitness trackers, smart watch, and body-mounted sensors
• Virtual Augmented Reality - is an enhanced version of the real physical world that is achieved
using digital visual elements, sound, or other sensory stimuli delivered via technology. It is a
growing trend among companies involved in mobile computing and business applications.
Example: Microsoft HoloLens, and magic leap
Lesson 1.4 – Research and Information Seeking
Today, there are several information sources over the Internet, some of which are presented
below.
❖ Web search engines – these are programs designed to search or mine
the world wide web based on keywords provided by the user.
Examples: Bing, Duckduckgo, Google and Yahoo
Page 5 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
❖ Research indexing sites – these are web sites dedicated to compile
and index researches done by academic researchers, engineers,
social scientists, and so on.
Examples: IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar
❖ Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) sites or tutorial sites –
these are web sites dedicated to teach and inform users focused on
different areas.
Examples: Canvas, Coursera, edX and Udemy
❖ Employment Web sites – these are Web that enable companies to post job
vacancies and accommodate job seekers by providing a resume-submission
facility.
Examples: Jobstreet, Indeed and Bestjobs
❖ Electronic commerce (e-commerce) – this is a technology that
uses electronic means to trade products and currencies.
Examples: Lazada and Shopee
Lesson 1.5 – Online Ethics and Etiquette
The term “netiquette” is coined portmanteau term of
network and etiquette. The term “netizen” refers to the person
who is a member or part of the online community. Hence, a
netiquette is a set of ideal rules and conduct that a netizen should
observe in communicating and/or publishing information and
materials over the World Wide Web and in ICT in general.
Here are some key points to keep in mind to maintain good conduct over the internet.
1. Be mindful of what you share online and what site you share it to.
2. Do not just accept terms and conditions, read it.
3. Check out the privacy policy page of a website to learn how it handles the information you
share.
4. Know the security features of the social networking site you use. By keeping your profile
private, search engines will not be able to scan your profile.
5. Do not share your password with anyone.
6. Avoid logging in to Public Networks/Wi-Fi. Even in incognito mode it cannot protect us
from hackers.
7. Do not talk to strangers whether online or face to face.
8. Never post anything about a future vacation.
9. Add friends you know in real life.
10. Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
11. Install and Update an Antivirus software on your computer.
12. Make your Wi-Fi at home private by adding a password.
13. Avoid downloading anything from untrusted websites.
14. Buy the software; do not used pirated ones.
Page 6 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
15. Do not reply or click links from suspicious emails.
Lesson 1.6 – Online Safety and Security
Everyone accessing the World Wide Web is concerned with the safety of his or her terminal or
computer and the information that will be transmitted or received. Here are several threats that can
be acquired from connecting to the World Wide Web.
➢ Spam – this refers to the transmission of unsolicited messages from various origins using
electronic messaging systems such as email and chat messengers.
➢ Phishing – this is defined as a software or a program used by an attacker to obtain personal
information.
➢ Malware – (malicious software) a computer software sent by attackers to inflict chaos on a
computer’s operation and processes.
➢ viruses - a malicious program that replicates itself and damages computer files.
➢ trojan horses – a malicious program that disguises itself as a useful tool but once installed
or downloaded it hacks your computer to get sensitive information.
➢ worms – a malicious program that also replicates itself and makes your computer slow.
➢ ransomware - a malicious program designed to deny access to a computer system or data
until a ransom is paid.
➢ adware – a program designed to send you advertisements, commonly as pop-ups on the
internet.
Key Concepts
➢ Information and communication technology collectively refer to the technologies, both
hardware and software, that enable humans to communicate with one another.
➢ Periods of ICT Development
o Pre-mechanical period
o Mechanical Period
o Electromechanical Period
o Electronic Period
➢ Internet Refers to the network of computers connected to each other globally.
➢ Web search engines – these are programs designed to search or mine the world wide web based
on keyboards provided by the user.
Examples: Bing, Duckduckgo, Google and Yahoo
➢ Web Version
o Web 1.0 or the read-only Web (static web) wherein the information or hypertext file is
accessed by the user. There were no facilities to interact with it other than to read or view
the content.
• Example: Personal website (Jekyll, Hexo, Hugon and Octopress)
o Web 2.0 or the read-and-write Web (dynamic web) - users or viewers can edit the
content of the files they were accessing.
• Example: Social Medias, Amazon and HubSpot)
o Web 3.0 or the semantic executing web is the envisioned to be a smarter access of
hypertext files and a version that would enable a wider range of search in a fast manner.
o Web 4.0 or the Symbiotic web - Web 4.0 or webOS will be parallel to the human brain
and implies a massive web of highly intelligent interactions.
Page 7 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
➢ ICT Trends and Emerging Technologies
• Nano Learning
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Wearable Technologies
• Virtual Augmented Reality
➢ Netiquette is coined portmanteau term of network and etiquette. It is a set of ideal rules and
conduct that a netizen should observe in communicating and/or publishing information and
materials over the World Wide Web and in ICT in general.
➢ Malware – (malicious software) a computer software sent by attackers to inflict chaos on a
computer’s operation and processes.
o viruses - a malicious program that replicates itself and damages computer files.
o trojan horses – a malicious program that disguises itself as a useful tool but once
installed or downloaded it hacks your computer to get sensitive information.
o worms – a malicious program that also replicates itself and makes your computer slow.
o ransomware - a malicious program designed to deny access to a computer system or
data until a ransom is paid.
o adware – a program designed to send you advertisements, commonly as pop-ups on the
internet.
Enrichment Activities
I. Day 1: Post-test in Canvas (Check-out Activity)
Direction: List down ten (10) websites that you often visit and put a check mark (✓)
to classify them as static or dynamic. State the reason what makes each website static or
dynamic. Use the table below.
Website Name/URL Static Dynamic Reason
Page 8 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
Check your Reading Skills!
Reading Article: A brief History of Internet
Guide Questions:
1. How do the 3 phases of internet history changes over the course of time?
2. Why the Department of Defense supported the use of computing resources?
3. Based on research, what is the advantage of using digital packet switching?
4. What is the name referred to “Email” which was first developed by ARPANET?
5. What do you call the French network that link several databases that disparate the
parts of French government?
Study Questions:
Answer the following questions and cite an example.
1. In your own perspective, what is the advantage and disadvantage of the discovery of
internet?
2. What is the difference between Google and Google Chrome?
3. How do different forms of social media affect the lives of people today?
4. What do you think is the effect of the excessive use of social media?
5. Think of a someone that has had a bad experience in using online sites? What do you think
is the reason that had led him/her toward that situation?
II. Day 2: Futuristic Device
Worksheet #1:
I. Create a design or draw a blueprint of a Futuristic Device. You may use
different available software applications (paint, Photoshop etc.) or you can also
manually draw it in a bond paper. The futuristic device must have at least five
distinct features related to ICT or connected to your strand. Attach the picture
of your final output. (20 pts.)
II. Describe the concept of the design of your Futuristic Device. (10 pts.)
Grading System:
Excellent – 20
Satisfactory – 18
Very Good –15
Good – 10
Poor - 5
Page 9 of 10
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Empowerment Technologies
SY 2021 – 2022
Tutorial Videos
Here are some YouTube videos that can help you with this topic.
• ICT Today:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zMNjraEMvY
• ICT Development:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA90Xcx4P5o&t=53s
• Online Ethics:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUxMpDcXhw0
• Online Security
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjPj1RyE5C8
References
• Books:
o Bandala, A., 2016. Empowerment Technologies. Makati: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
o RBS Empowerment Technologies, 2016. First Edition. Rex Book Store, Inc. and
Innovative Training Works, Inc.
• Online Sources
o Empowerment Technology
➢ https://ictcom444251764.wordpress.com/2018/03/31/empowerment-technologies-
lessons-1-15/
Page 10 of 10
