NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY: ELECTRONICS

EXEMPLAR 2018

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 200

These marking guidelines consist of 13 pages.

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 2 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE MARKERS

1. All questions with multiple answers imply that any relevant, acceptable
answer should be considered.

2. Calculations

2.1 All calculations must show the formulae.

2.2 Substitution of values must be done correctly.

2.3 All answers MUST contain the correct unit to be considered.

2.4 Alternative methods must be considered, provided that the correct

answer is obtained.

2.5 Where an incorrect answer could be carried over to the next step,
the first answer will be deemed incorrect. However, should the
incorrect answer be carried over correctly, the marker has to re-
calculate the values, using the incorrect answer from the first
calculation. If correctly used, the candidate should receive the full
marks for subsequent calculations.

2.6 Markers should consider that candidates' answers may deviate

slightly from the marking guidelines, depending on how and where in
the calculation rounding off was used.

3. These marking guidelines are only a guide with model answers. Alternative
interpretations must be considered and marked on merit. However, this
principle should be applied consistently throughout the marking session at
ALL marking centres.

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 3 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (GENERIC)

1.1 Workplace is any premises or place where a person performs work  in the
course of his employment.  (2)

1.2 To cooperate with employer or persons to ensure that any duty given by the
employer to the employee shall be performed or compiled in accordance with
requirements and procedures. 
To take reasonable care of health and safety for himself and other persons
who may be affected by his act.  (2)

1.3 Dangerous fumes can accumulate in the workshop that can be inhaled by
people making it an unsafe condition.  (2)

1.4 To review the effectiveness of health and safety measures. 

To identify hazards and potential major incidents at the workplace.  (2)

1.5 Quantitative risk analysis is an attempt to numerically determine the

probabilities of various adverse events and the likely extent of the losses if a
particular event takes place.  (2)
[10]

QUESTION 2: RLC CIRCUITS (GENERIC)

2.1 2.1.1 The current and voltage are in phase and their phase angle is
zero  (2)

2.1.2 The current and the voltage are out of phase with each other and
the current is leading the voltage by 90°  (2)

2.1.3 The current and the voltage are out of phase with each other and
the current is lagging the voltage by 90°  (2)

2.2 2.2.1 XL  2 π f L 
 2  π  60  30  10-3 
 11,31 Ω  (3)

2.2.2 1
XC  
2π f C
1
 
2  π  60  150  10 6
 17,68 Ω 
(3)

2.2.3 Z  R2  XC  XL  2 

 122  (17,68  11,31)2 

 13,59 Ω
 (3)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 4 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

2.2.4 Vs 
IT 
Z
120
 
13,59
 8,83 A  (3)
2.2.5 Power factor
R 
Cos θ 
Z
12
 
13,59
 0,88  (3)
2.2.6 The phase angle is leading. (1)
2.3 2.3.1 (a) When the frequency of the supply increases, the inductive
reactance (XL) will increase because the supply frequency is
directly proportional to the inductive reactance. (2)

(b) When the frequency of the supply increases, the inductive

reactance will decrease because the supply frequency is
indirectly proportional to the capacitive reactance. (2)
2.3.2 The resistance of a resistor is not affected by the increase or
decrease of the frequency of the supply voltage.  (2)
2.3.3 Z or Impedance  (1)

2.4 2.4.1 Fr 
1 
2π LC


1 
2π 30  10  120  10  6
3

 83,88 Hz  (3)
2.4.2 XL 
Q  factor 
R

XL  2  π  f  L
 2  π  83,88  30  103

 15,81 Ω
15,81 
 Q - factor 
10
 1,58  (5)
2.4.3 Fr 
BW 
Q
83,88Hz 

1.58
 53,09 Hz  (3)
[40]

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 5 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 3: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES (SPECIFIC)

3.1 The JFET is a voltage-controlled device. √ (1)

3.2 
DRAIN


GATE


SOURCE

(3)

3.3 If VGS is increased, the depletion layer between the N-channel and the gate will
widen. √ This widened depletion layer will make the N-channel narrower√ thus
decreasing the IDS current. √ (3)

3.4 MOSFET (metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistor) √√ (1)

3.5 If VGS exceeds 0 V, the MOSFET operates in the enhancement mode. √ (1)

3.6 The UJT can be used as a

Switch√
Saw-tooth generator √ (2)

3.7 Darlington pair transistor.

C


B T1 
T2


E (3)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 6 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

3.8 3.8.1 A - Non-inverting input√

B - Inverting input√ (2)

3.8.2 It is important for the op-amp to have a dual voltage supply to be able to
amplify all signals above 0 V√ and below 0 V√ (positive and negative
signals) (2)

3.9 3.9.1 RF
AV   √
RIN
2000 √

220
  9,09 √ (3)

3.9.2  R 
VOUT  VIN    F  √
 RIN 
 2000 
 0,55    
 220  √
5V
√ (3)

3.9.3 If the value of the feedback resistor is increased to 20 kΩ the gain of

the amplifier will increase to -90,9√ and the output voltage will increase
to -50 V. √√ (2)

3.10 Timing functions (turning a light on and off for a prescribed time) √
Creating a warning light√
Pulse, oscillation and signal generation
Digital logic probes
Controlling the positioning of a servo device
ANY TWO relevant answers (2)

3.11 Pin 6 (threshold) sets the voltage√ at which the 555 IC will trigger. √ (2)
[30]

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 7 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 4: SWITCHING CIRCUITS

4.1 
+VOUT



-VOUT (3)

4.2 The bi-stable multivibrator is defined as a circuit that is able to give and hold two
stable output values, √ either high or low√ whenever a trigger pulse is
received. √ (3)

4.3
VCC Trigger / Set input
when S1 is pressed
0V

VCC
Reset input
when S2 is pressed
0V
  
VCC
Bi-stable output
0V
(3)

4.4 4.4.1 Contact debouncer√ (1)

4.4.2 R1 is necessary to prevent pins 6 and 7√ from being directly connected

to the positive voltage supply√ when VR1 is set to 0 Ω. √ (3)

4.4.3 An increase of C1 will increase the RC time constant√√ of the circuit

keeping the output at a 'high' or 'on' state for longer. √ (2)

4.4.4 When S1 is pressed, the input voltage on pin 2 will pulled down to 0 V.√
This triggers the 555 IC√ setting the output voltage at pin 3 and pin 7 to
high.√ Once the capacitor voltage VC1 reaches 2/3 of the supply
voltage√, it will immediately trip the internal timing circuit to reset the
output pin 3 to low or 0 V returning to its stable state.√ (5)

4.5 Radio receiver filters√

Contact de-bouncer√
Analogue to digital converter
Signal recovering (2)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 8 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

4.6 The Schmitt trigger is able to trigger at TWO different voltages.√ The moment
the input rises above the upper trigger level its output will go to negative
saturation√ and the moment the input falls below the lower trigger level its output
will go to positive saturation.√ (3)

4.7
VIN  

RF 
VOUT 

R1 

(5)

4.8 4.8.1 Resistor R2 determines the reference voltage of the comparator √ (1)

4.8.2 Resistors R1 and R2 creates a voltage divider√ that feeds a reference

voltage into the non-inverting input√ while its inverting input is usually
fed by a transducer.√√ These two voltages are compared and as soon
as the voltage on the inverting input goes higher than the non-inverting
input√ the amplifiers output will go into negative saturation.√ The
moment the non-inverting voltage goes higher than the inverting voltage
the amplifiers output will go into positive saturation.√ (6)

4.8.3 To adjust the reference voltage the, resistor R2 can be replaced by a

variable resistor√ (1)

4.9 4.9.1 Inverting√ summing amplifier√ (2)

4.9.2 Negative feedback√ (1)

4.9.3 The gain of the amplifier is determined by the ratio of the feedback
resistor√ to the input resistance√ of each branch. √ (3)

4.9.4 VOUT   V1  V2  V3  √

VOUT   850 mV  200 mV  950 mV
√
VOUT   2 V
√ (3)

4.10 The function of a differentiator is to change a square wave√ into a triangular

wave.√ (2)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 9 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

4.11 4.11.1
+5 V

0 Input

+5 V 

0 Output
 
-5 V
(3)

4.11.2 A long time constant will cause the capacitor to discharge slower√
causing the output signal to become more like a distorted square
wave.√ (2)

4.12 4.12.1 Inverting√ integrator (2)

4.12.2 +V
0V
-V

+V  
0V
-V
(2)

4.12.3 The higher the frequency for a particular time constant, the better the
shape,√ but the smaller its amplitude.√ (2)
[60]

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 10 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 5: AMPLIFIERS
5.1 Class B amplification is when the output collector current of the amplifier flows
for only 1800 of the input cycle. (2)
5.2 5.2.1 VCC  VCE  ICRC
VCC  VCE  when the transistor is OFF and collector current is not
flowing
VCE  9 V  When the transistor is biased, the collector current will
flow (2)

5.2.2 V
Ic  C 
RC
9 

750
 12 mA 
(3)
5.2.3

IC 
12 mA


Q-point
Class A

VCE
9V
 (3)
5.2.4 If the load resistance increases the value of the collector current
decrease. (1)
5.3 If the supply voltage increases, collector current will increase and the
quiescent point will move up the load line towards saturation. (2)
5.4 5.4.1 Is to enable each stage to individually maintain its own DC biasing
levels without interference from any of its neighbouring stages. 
Allows the transfer of the alternating signal voltage between stages for
amplification. (2)
5.4.2 A = β1 x β2 (1)
5.4.3 As the frequency rises the amplification will decrease due to parasitic
capacitance which develop inside the transistor, their reactances will
become lower and would cause upper frequency roll off. (3)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 11 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

5.5 5.5.1 Poor frequency response

Large and heavy
Expensive components (2)

5.5.2 If the loudspeaker is changed to a lower impedance loudspeaker,

a matching transformer must be chosen to drive the speaker
to ensure maximum power transfer. (3)

5.6 5.6.1 When the dc base voltage drops to zero, transistors Q1 and Q2 are
OFF. The input signal must pass through the region where both
transistors are not conducting, this will cause cross-over distortion. (2)

5.6.2 Q1 is ON
Q1 and Q2 is OFF
Q2 is OFF




Q1 is OFF
Q2 is ON
(3)

5.6.3
Po  I2  Z o
P
I out

Z
out
100 

20 
 2,24 A
I
A  20log o 
i I
i
2,24 
 20log
200  10- 3 
 20,97 dB (6)

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Electrical Technology: Electronics 12 DBE/2018
CAPS – Grade 12 Exemplar – Marking Guidelines

5.7 5.7.1 A radio-frequency amplifier amplifies a single high frequency usually

above 100 kHz and suppresses all other frequencies. (2)
5.7.2 Capacitor C1 and the primary turns of second transformer (T 2) forms
the tuning circuit which resonate at the required frequency and
passes the resonating frequency to the second LC tuned circuit
formed by C2 and secondary turns of T2 which makes it more
selective.  (3)
5.7.3 By varying capacitors C1 and C2,  the tuned circuit will resonate at
different frequencies therefore passes a range of frequencies. (3)

5.8 5.8.1 The RF coil offers resistance (reactance) against the change in the
collector current and causes the collector voltage VC to decrease.  (2)

5.8.2 The tank circuit receives energy from a dc source and convert that
energy into a sinusoidal signal at a frequency determined by the
inductor and capacitor. (2)
5.8.3
+V

-V
(2)

5.8.4 Hartley oscillator - tank circuit consists of two inductors and one
capacitor. 
Colpitts oscillator - tank circuit consists of two capacitors and one
inductor (2)
5.9 5.9.1 The RC network will determine the frequency of oscillation and
causes a phase shift of 180o.  (2)
5.9.2 Positive feedback occurs when a portion of the output signal is fed
back in phase with the input signal. (3)
5.9.3 Phase shift around the feedback loop must be 0 degrees
The voltage gain around the feedback loop must be 1 (2)
5.9.4 The FET minimizes the loading effect when compared to the BJT due
to its higher input impedance. This stabilizes the resonating
frequency.  (2)
[60]
TOTAL: 200

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