(개정) Reading Expert 2 - unlocked
(개정) Reading Expert 2 - unlocked
2
2
Series Editor Yoo-seung Shin
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN 979-11-253-2928-2
Photo Credits
www.istockphoto.com
www.shutterstock.com
www.dreamstime.com
www.hellophoto.kr
www.bullittcenter.org
I NTR ODUC TION
R eading Expert is a five-level reading course for EFL readers, with special relevance
for junior and senior high school students. They will acquire not only reading skills
but also knowledge of various contemporary and academic topics.
FEATURES
Covering Current, Academic Topics: Topics ranging from real world issues to academic subjects
are covered in an easy and interesting way so that junior and senior high school students can
understand them. These subjects appeal to students and can hold their attention.
Expanding Knowledge: Each unit is composed of two articles under one topic heading. These
articles will help students expand their knowledge of various topics, including social and academic
issues.
Practicing Reading Skills: Reading comprehension checkups encourage the use of important
reading skills. They can be used to evaluate and improve students’ comprehension skills, such as
identifying main ideas, specific details, and implied meanings.
Tackling Longer Passages: EFL junior and senior high school students often find it difficult to read
long passages because they have not received much exposure to lengthy material. Interesting and
well-developed passages customized for EFL students will help learners to approach longer passages
with ease. Summarizing exercises will also help them understand the flow of long passages.
Test-Oriented Questions: Many comprehension checkup questions are similar to TOEFL questions.
They will be a stepping stone in preparing students for English tests at school, as well as for official
English language tests such as TOEFL.
Reading Expert is a five-level reading course that is intended to improve your reading
abilities gradually. There are 4 areas of reading strategies you need to focus on to improve
your reading abilities.
1. Vocabulary Skills
When you run into an unfamiliar word, try to continue reading. In many cases a couple of
unfamiliar words will not prevent general understanding of a passage. If you think they are still
a barrier to further reading, use context clues. If they also do not provide enough information, it
will be necessary to use your Word Book or look up the “problem word” in a dictionary.
2. Paragraph Approach
A passage is a collection of paragraphs, and the main point of each paragraph is organized into
the main idea of the passage. When you read a passage, try not to just focus on the meaning of
each sentence: Keep asking yourself, “What is the main point of this paragraph?” Questions on the
main point of a paragraph and summary exercises will help you stay focused.
Series Overview
Reading Expert is a five-level reading course written by EFL teachers who have years of
experience in teaching EFL students. It is simple to use in a classroom and interesting
enough to keep students’ attention. Each level is composed of 15 units, and each unit has
two readings. Each unit contains the following sections:
Before Reading
The WARM-UP QUESTION before each reading is intended to get students ready by relating the
topic to their lives. You can also help students by introducing background knowledge or explaining
difficult words.
Readings
There are two readings for every unit. Before having students read the text, explain to them some
important reading skills, such as scanning and skimming. After reading the passage, they can listen
to an MP3 audio recording. Each reading is followed by a WORD CHECK. Students can use this section
to practice guessing the meanings of the key words and expressions in context. WORD FOCUS, which
shows collocations, synonyms, and antonyms, is provided alongside the passages. It will familiarize
students with some natural English expressions while increasing their range of English vocabulary.
Comprehension Checkups
Readings are also followed by comprehension checkup questions. These are intended to help
students identify the MAIN IDEA or subject of the passage and understand DETAILS. Questions related
to reading skills are sometimes included.
Summary
A SUMMARY is provided for each reading and it can take a number of different forms, such as a basic
summary, a graphic organizer, a note-taking summary, etc. All of these forms are designed to improve
students’ ability to understand and summarize a passage. There are various ways to use this section,
such as assigning it as homework or having the students complete it without referring to the reading.
It tests whether students understand the text as a whole.
UNIT 03 Jobs
READING 1 Recent Jobs 18
READING 2 A Glass Artist Guessing unknown words in context 20
UNIT 04 Society
READING 1 Back on My Feet 22
READING 2 The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura 24
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 03·UNIT 04 26
UNIT 05 Animals
READING 1 A Rabbit Problem in Australia 28
READING 2 TOEFL (American Bison) 30
UNIT 06 Literature
READING 1 Elements of Detective Stories Identifying cause and effect 32
READING 2 Awards for Children’s Literature 34
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 05 ·UNIT 06 36
UNIT 07 Environment
READING 1 The Bullitt Center Understanding the flow 38
READING 2 The Disappearing Honeybee 40
UNIT 08 Culture
READING 1 UK Tea Culture Inferring meaning 42
READING 2 The Ghost Month 44
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 07·UNIT 08 46
Reading Skills
UNIT 09 Origins
READING 1 Chess 48
READING 2 Guy Fawkes Day 50
UNIT 10 Geology
READING 1 Opals Identifying main ideas within paragraphs 52
READING 2 TOEFL (The San Andreas Fault) 54
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 09 ·UNIT 10 56
UNIT 11 Space
READING 1 The Proper Spacesuit 58
READING 2 Astronauts in Space Inferring meaning 60
UNIT 12 Technology
READING 1 Crash Test Dummies 62
READING 2 Inspired by Nature 64
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 11·UNIT 12 66
UNIT 13 Health
READING 1 The Nocebo Effect Understanding the details 68
READING 2 Bacteria and Viruses 70
UNIT 14 Psychology
READING 1 Tip of the Tongue 72
READING 2 The False Consensus Effect 74
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 13·UNIT 14 76
UNIT 15 History
READING 1 A Cotton Spinning Wheel Inferring from the context 78
READING 2 TOEFL (American Slavery) 80
WORD REVIEW TEST UNIT 15 82
01
U N I T
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to change sth so it is unrecognizable
CHECK
2. obeying rules or behaving in a controlled way
3. strong and frightening
4. the system of owning other people as property
5. done in an attractive and elegant way
DETAILS
If you watch a capoeira performance today, you may notice how the musicians
often change their tempo.
SUMMARY
Capoeira is a of dance, music, and martial arts. African slaves who had
been brought to Brazil first it in the 16th century. They wanted to teach
one another how to fight. However, they had to this activity as a dance.
After slaves successfully used it in the Paraguayan war, capoeira became popular. It
was temporarily , but it is now more popular than ever.
9
01
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Can you name any famous mountain climbers?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to provide sb with the necessary things
CHECK
2. an organized journey with a specific goal
3. another option
4. a beneficial quality
5. sb hired to help another person
10
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
3 Messner and Habeler’s attempt to climb Gasherbrum I was expected to be a failure because
.
a. they hadn’t climbed a mountain taller than 8,000 meters before
b. no one had ever succeeded reaching the top of Gasherbrum I
c. there was a high chance that they might encounter a snowstorm
d. alpine style was thought suitable only for smaller mountains
SUMMARY
11
02
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Have you ever made a mistake with words that look or sound similar?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. a means of traveling from one place to another
CHECK
2. to protect and look after sb or sth
3. to push a pointed object directly into sb or sth
4. a series of words in a song, poem, or play
5. a tricky, yet fun question that has a surprising answer
12
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
Definition
creating a meaning with words that sound or look similar
Homographic
■ uses words with more than one meaning
■ example: “A conductor minds a train, but a teacher a mind.”
Pun Homophonic
■ uses words that alike but differ in their meaning
■ example: “Seven days without pizza makes one weak.”
Uses
■ makes people and think deeply
■ makes writing more
13
02
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you know which countries use English as their first language?
M ore than 400 million people around the world are native English speakers. While
all of these people speak English, distance and time have caused differences in
the language. These can be anything from different accents to very different vocabularies.
Take the example of an American boy getting dressed in the morning. He puts on
Language 5 underwear, pants, a sweater, socks, and running shoes. A British boy putting on the same
clothes wears underpants, trousers, a jumper, socks, and trainers. The American boy goes
READING 2 to high school; the British boy goes to secondary school.
The English spoken in Australia is also different. Australians use many words that
English speakers from other countries may not recognize. They call a kangaroo a “roo,”
10 a chicken a “chook,” and a farm a “station.” When American or British friends meet, they
say “Hi!” or “Hello!” But in Australia, the common greeting is “G’day!”
Of course, (A) , especially when you consider how many
movies, books, and TV programs are shared between English-speaking countries. Thus,
before a British book is published in America, editors change many words and spellings
WORD FOCUS
15 to help American readers understand it. But movies and TV programs are shown without
Collocations for
changes, so it is sometimes hard for even native English speakers to understand them.
guess
(B) , the various differences between British, American, and Australian
a lucky guess
a wild guess English show the richness and variety of the English language. You will find it is fun to
a rough guess
make a guess learn the unique words of each type of English. With a little practice, you will be able to
20 guess a speaker’s country from his or her accent and vocabulary. But be careful! If you
make the wrong guess, you could make a British person “get angry,” an American “get
mad,” or an Australian “go berko”!
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. the state of including many different things
CHECK
2. to know sth because of previous experience with it
3. to print copies of a book or magazine for public sale
4. the space between two objects
5. normal; occurring often
14
READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Scanning
1 What is the passage mainly about? When scanning, we rapidly search for
the information we are looking for.
a. diversity in the English language The idea behind scanning is to locate
b. how to understand different styles of English specific information without reading
c. the difficulties caused by the variety of English through the entire passage. Even if you
see a word that you don’t understand,
d. why English varies in different countries
keep on going.
DETAILS
SUMMARY
English may be the native language for over 400 million people worldwide, but over
time and distance, it has developed a of differences. This can make it
hard for speakers to understand each other. Though at first,
with a little practice you can the patterns and more easily understand
movies, books, and TV programs from all around the English-speaking world.
15
WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
5.
U N I T
reach • • a. a snowstorm
6. be caught in • • b. the mountain’s top
01
[9~12] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
16
[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
4. cause • • a. somebody
5. ask for • • b. dressed
6. get • • c. confusion
U N I T
[7~10] Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
02
7. The little boy looked pale and .
a. wrong b. weak c. powerful d. alike
17
03
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • What kind of job do you want to have in the future?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to make certain that sth occurs
CHECK
2. to begin to exist
3. capable of continuing for a long time
4. to read sth to find information
5. being experienced or having good ability in a specific activity
18
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
4 According to paragraph 4, what are the two factors that affect job trends?
SUMMARY
19
WARM-UP QUESTION • What do you know about glassblowing?
03
U N I T
15 seems very special. I create pieces of many other people. It is the largest piece I have
different shapes and sizes out of brilliantly ever made. It contains about one thousand
colored glass. multicolored glass flowers that hang from
20 me. My mother’s beautiful flower garden Chihuly: I work in the style of a movie
inspires me. Also, I live near the ocean and director; I lead a team of glass artists at
I love to walk along the beach because the my studio. Each artist has a special job.
ocean gives me ideas. I also get ideas from We work together to create the pieces
other types of art, like Native American according to my designs. It’s a wonderful 40
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to include sth
CHECK
2. very brightly
3. to show specially arranged objects to people
4. sth that a person has made (usually art)
5. easy to break
20
READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Guessing unknown words in
context
1 What is the interview mainly about? We often encounter unknown words
a. the daily life of Dale Chihuly while reading a passage. When this
DETAILS
SUMMARY
21
04
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you enjoy a morning run?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. sth that is necessary
CHECK
2. help given to sb in achieving sth
3. a place that offers safety from danger
4. sb who cannot stop doing sth
5. one of many offices representing a large company
22
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
2 What benefits are given to Back on My Feet members 30 days after they join?
3 According to paragraph 3, when Anne Mahlum started the running club, many people
.
a. encouraged her
b. were skeptical about the idea
c. predicted it would attract public attention
d. were worried about the health of the homeless
SUMMARY
23
04
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Can you play any musical instruments?
T he town of Cateura, Paraguay, was built on a landfill. Most of the population makes
a living by collecting recyclable items from the trash that is brought daily to the
town. In addition to poverty, another challenge the people of Cateura face is a lack of
Society 5 education. Forty percent of the children there do not finish school. These children are
often sent to work in the landfill.
READING 2 In order to provide a better future for the children of Cateura, two men, Favio Chávez
and Nicolás Gómez, wanted to (A) . However, instruments were
too expensive. One day, Favio and Nicolás had an idea. The idea was to build their own
10 instruments out of materials found in the landfill, such as pieces of sheet metal, oil cans,
rope, and broomsticks. That’s how the “Recycled Orchestra of Cateura” was born.
The orchestra started with only a few musicians. But it has expanded to more than
35 members. It is now teaching more than 200 children how to play music and even
how to build recycled instruments of their own. While the orchestra cannot immediately
WORD FOCUS
15 fix problems like hunger and poverty, the education that it provides will lead to fewer
Synonyms for
inspire
children facing these problems in the future.
motivate Inspired by the Recycled Orchestra,
encourage
influence
people in other countries, such as Spain,
Brazil, and Mexico, started their own recycled
20 orchestras. Not only has the Recycled
Orchestra brought hope and a sense of pride
to the residents of Cateura, but it has also
shown that music truly has the power to
change society.
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. a device that is played to make music
CHECK
2. at once; without delay
3. a site where garbage is buried
4. able to be remade into usable material
5. the condition of not being able to afford basic necessities
24
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
6 Complete the main idea of each paragraph using words in the passage.
▪ Paragraph 1: The people of Cateura face many challenges, including poverty and a
lack of .
▪ Paragraph 2: Favio
Chávez and Nicolás Gómez created a children’s orchestra, which
played instruments made out of trash from the town’s .
▪ Paragraph 3: Children
in the orchestra learn to play and recycled
instruments.
▪ Paragraph 4: The Recycled Orchestra has shown that music can society.
25
WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
4. They are taking every step to ensure that this kind of accident never happens again.
a. warn b. inform c. take care d. make sure
A B
5.
U N I T
[9~12] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
26
[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
4. go on • • a. the country
5. fix • • b. problems
U N I T
6. spread across • • c. group runs
04
[7~10] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
[11~12] Choose the correct definition of the underlined word in each sentence.
12. The employees were forced to work long hours in the factory.
27
05
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you think rabbits can cause any harm to human?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to have offspring
CHECK
2. plants and animals that live in a certain area by depending on each other
3. able to support plant life, especially crops
4. to wear away the surface over time especially by natural forces
5. plant life in general, such as trees or flowers
28
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
29
05
U N I T
American Bison
The American bison is the largest land animal in North America. Males can weigh up
to 2,000 pounds and stand 1.8 meters tall. Bison have huge heads, humps on their backs,
TOEFL and long, messy brownish-black fur. Bison travel together in herds looking for grass to eat.
Huge herds of bison once traveled across the grasslands of North America. They were
5 an important resource for Native Americans living on the plains. ■ They hunted bison and
READING 2 used almost every part of the animal. ■ They ate the meat and made tools and weapons out
of the bones. ■ Blankets, clothing, and tents were all made from bison skins. ■ Bison calves
are born in April, and the Native Americans believed that a kind spirit sent them bison each
spring to help them survive.
10 All of this changed with the arrival of Europeans in the 1800s. The Native Americans
only hunted bison when they needed resources. The Europeans, on the other hand, killed
them in huge numbers for sport. They competed to see who could kill the most animals in
one day. The effect on the environment was huge; when Columbus arrived in America, there
were about 60 million bison. By 1890, less than 1,000 animals survived.
15 Bison were saved from extinction by the American Bison Society, which was formed
in 1905. Many were raised in protected areas and then released into national parks. Today,
there are about 500,000 animals. Although bison still need to be protected, they aren’t at
risk of extinction anymore.
Even though the bison can no longer live freely on the grasslands of North America,
20 it remains a symbol of the American Wild West. Each year, thousands of visitors to national
parks can see herds of bison and imagine the past.
30
2 Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage.
3 All of the following are mentioned in the passage as possible uses of bison for Native
Americans EXCEPT
dying out
getting lost
becoming old
suffering from a disease
6 Directions Look at the sentence in bold. It is the first sentence of a short summary of the
passage. Choose THREE answers to complete the summary. Wrong answer choices use minor
ideas from the passage or use information that is not in the passage.
31
06
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Have you read any Sherlock Holmes detective stories?
M ost detective novels and stories share the same basic storyline: There is a mystery
that must be solved by uncovering clues, questioning witnesses, and discovering
the identity of the criminal. There are also a number of standard character types that
occur again and again in detective fiction.
Literature 5 The heroes of these stories are almost always some sort of detective. The detective
may be a professional or an amateur, but he or she must be very wise, observant, and
READING 1 logical. The detective uses these qualities to solve the crime along with the person who
is reading the story.
These detectives often have a faithful assistant to help them out. This character is
10 sometimes referred to as a “Watson,” after Sherlock Holmes’s trusted companion. He or
she is generally not as wise and logical as the detective and often makes foolish mistakes.
However, the Watson character still manages to help the detective solve the crime.
Finally, all good detective stories must contain a villain. The storyline is usually
focused on discovering who this person actually is. For this reason, in most cases, the
WORD FOCUS
15 true identity of the villain isn’t revealed until the end of the novel. Unlike the Watson
Collocations for
character, the villain is usually (A) . However, he or she always
mystery
remain a mystery
makes one big mistake and is captured in the end.
be a mystery to sb The next time you read a detective story, think about how these characters are
a complete mystery
an unsolved mystery described. But don’t forget to try to solve the mystery, too! That’s the best part of reading
20 detective fiction!
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. the plot of a story
CHECK
2. a main character in a story who is bad; the opposite of a hero
3. one who observes criminal activity or an accident by chance
4. a friend or partner who spends time with sb
5. giving unending support for sb or sth
32
READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Identifying cause and effect
1 What is the best title for the passage? To recognize cause and effect we
identify words and phrases such as
a. Tips for Writing Detective Stories “because,” “consequently,” “for this
b. Characters You’ll Meet in Detective Stories reason,” “as a result,” etc. We can
c. The Secret to Solving Fictional Mysteries also identify how the information fits
together. Start with a “why” question to
d. Sherlock Holmes: Not as Smart as You Think
discover the cause and then figure out
the effect.
DETAILS
3 Why is the true identity of the villain often revealed at the end of the story?
SUMMARY
33
06
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • What is your favorite children’s book?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to ignore or neglect the importance of sth
CHECK
2. to tell sb that sth is good and worth trying
3. to make sth develop or become more active
4. to publicly confirm sb’s or sth’s value of performance, as with an award
5. time, effort, money, etc. given to sth to make it successful
34
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
3 What ability do writers and illustrators need to win the Andersen Award?
SUMMARY
35
WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
5.
U N I T
weigh • • a. rivals
6. solve • • b. 2,000 pounds
05
[9~12] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
16. something such as oil and trees that can be used by people:
36
[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
4. enjoy • • a. a witness
5. stimulate • • b. fun stories
6. question • • c. imaginations
U N I T
[7~10] Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
06
7. The festival is held annually to the war heroes.
a. receive b. honor c. share d. contain
37
07
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • What makes a building eco-friendly?
T hese days, architecture is “going green,” as more and more architects design
buildings with efficiency and sustainability in mind. One great example is the
Bullitt Center, a six-story office building in Seattle, Washington, USA. This impressive
building produces more energy than it uses, and it is the new standard for sustainable
Environment 5 architecture.
The Bullitt Center was opened on Earth Day, April 22, in 2013. ⓐ Its primary
READING 1 purpose is to be a good model for office buildings pursuing sustainability. ⓑ The building
has many eco-friendly features. ⓒ Also, solar panels on the roof provide all the building’s
energy. ⓓ For another thing, the elevator is located out of sight and the stairway offers
10 beautiful views of the city, which encourages people to take the stairs.
In summertime, blinds on the outside of the windows automatically adjust
depending on the angle of the sun to manage the temperature inside the building. On
cold winter days, a special heat pump system absorbs heat from deep in the ground. And
then the system transfers this heat into the building, while triple-pane windows provide
WORD FOCUS
15 fantastic insulation.
Synonyms for
The roof of the Bullitt Center has holes that collect rainwater. This water is stored
feature
trait
in an underground tank and is used throughout the building. Even though the building
quality only uses about 500 gallons of water per day, the tank can hold up to 56,000 gallons!
characteristic
Finally, the Bullitt Center has a unique toilet system
20 that transforms human waste into fertilizer.
Thanks to these amazing features, the Bullitt
Center will have its own steady supply of water and
electricity―and will avoid utility bills―for the next
250 years! The building’s creators hope that it will
25 inspire others to embrace green architecture and
take practical action for sustainability.
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. more significant than anything else
CHECK
2. to change the position or setting of sth
3. related to the sun
4. a type of chemical that is added to soil to help plants grow
5. a guideline or model that is accepted by people
38
READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Understanding the flow
1 What is the best title for the passage? In smoothly flowing writing, all the
sentences are arranged in the right
a. The Bullitt Center: A Green Model for the Future order. No sentences stray from the
b. The Dark Side of Green Architecture topic. So, when reading the passage,
c. New Emerging Technologies for Sustainability see if individual sentences connect
smoothly. Pay special attention to
d. Eco-Friendly Buildings Around the USA
the connections between words and
pronouns.
DETAILS
For example, there is a garage for bicycles but not for cars.
4 How does the Bullitt Center manage the temperature inside the building in summer?
SUMMARY
39
07
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • What would happen if all the honeybees disappeared?
Reporter: Good afternoon, Dr. Kirkland. Recently, the world’s honeybee population has
been dropping dramatically. Strangely, nobody is sure why. Can you please explain the
situation?
Dr. Kirkland: Certainly. Ever since the 1970s, the number of wild honeybees in North
Environment 5 America has been dropping rapidly. But now we’re seeing a similar drop in the number
of honeybees kept by beekeepers.
READING 2
Reporter: I see. What are some possible causes?
Dr. Kirkland: The most likely cause is climate change. Bees depend on flowers, and
the growing seasons of many plants are changing along with the climate. Scientists
10 are trying to find out what kind of effect this is having on honeybees. There are also
some researchers who think that our cell phones are the problem. These phones use
electromagnetic waves, which might be confusing the bees. If they can’t find their way
back to their hive, they’ll most likely die. And finally, some scientists believe that toxic
WORD FOCUS chemicals in some pesticides sprayed on plants are causing the honeybees to die.
Synonyms for
ignore 15 Reporter: Interesting. But why should people care? Without honeybees, we’d have no
overlook honey. But surely there are bigger problems to worry about.
neglect
disregard Dr. Kirkland: Honeybees are responsible for more than just honey. In fact, some experts
believe that if bees were to go extinct, so would humans. This is because bees pollinate
nearly 100 different crops, including soybeans, apples, and broccoli. It is estimated that one
20 third of our diet comes from plants that are pollinated by insects. Without honeybees, it is
possible that we wouldn’t be able to grow enough food to feed ourselves.
Reporter: I see. Clearly, this is a problem that should not be ignored.
Thank you very much, Dr. Kirkland.
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. a structure that bees live in
CHECK
2. suddenly and in large amounts
3. relating to both magnetism and electricity
4. no longer existing as a species
5. to help flowers reproduce by moving pollen
40
MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
41
Welcome to My Blog
08
U N I T
HOME CONTACT BLOG
For many British people, the morning must begin with a cup of tea. Otherwise,
they can’t make it through the rest of the day! It’s no surprise, then, that the UK is one
Culture of the world’s largest tea consumers. In this country, five cups a day is only average
and for some this number is closer to 15 or 20. In fact, during World War II, Winston
5 Churchill said tea was more important to British soldiers than weapons!
READING 1
The British tea habit started as a result of trade with China. In China, the tradition
of drinking tea goes back to 3000 B.C., but it only arrived in the UK in the mid-17th
century. The most common tea during these years was the green variety. However, in
the 19th century, black teas became the preferred type. It was also around this time that
10 a British tea culture started to form. British people developed a practice of drinking tea
with milk and sugar, whereas in other countries people usually drank it plain. Tea was
also consumed at specific times of day and during certain events. Terms like “tea break,”
“tea time,” and “tea party,” which are commonly used today,
were created at this time.
15 British people also got really good at (A) .
You can do this easily yourself. First, select a type of tea that
you would like to try. Here are some popular choices: Darjeeling,
Ceylon, English Breakfast, and Earl Grey. Place an infuser
filled with loose tea into a teapot full of water. For
20 convenience, you can also use a teabag. Boil the
water, and then let it sit for a few minutes. Your tea is
now ready to serve, and you can add milk and sugar
according to your taste!
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. sth used to fight with or hurt sb
CHECK
2. sb who buys and uses things
3. a type of sth
4. the act of buying, selling, or exchanging goods
5. a usual way of doing sth
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READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Inferring meaning
1 What is the best title for the passage? While reading, sometimes you have to
guess meanings. To identify ideas that
a. Various Types of Tea in the UK are not clear, you can use common
b. The Tea-Loving Culture of the UK sense or general knowledge. Also, you
c. The Most Popular Teas in the UK can guess meanings by using some
hints from contexts or situations.
d. An Increase in Tea Drinkers in the UK
DETAILS
4 Which is NOT true about the tea habit of the British in the 19th century?
a. They usually drank green tea.
b. They put milk and sugar in their tea.
c. They took breaks specifically to drink tea.
d. They enjoyed “tea time” and “tea party.”
SUMMARY
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08
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you know any festival for the dead in the world?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to be a symbol of
CHECK
2. related to the moon
3. sth that a society views as bad to do
4. to try to get more than sb or do better than sb
5. a plentiful meal that is held in celebration of a special event
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
6 The sentence below is the first sentence of a short summary of the passage. Choose TWO
additional sentences from below to complete the summary.
During the Ghost Month, the gates of Hell are said to be opened.
a. A man named Mulian started the Ghost Festival in honor of his dead mother.
b. People traditionally burn paper items and serve delicious feasts for visiting ghosts.
c. Red and black, the traditional colors of the Ghost Month, are worn by people.
d. The activities of the Ghost Month not only honor the dead but also teach social
lessons.
e. Ghosts are trapped in Hell when their family don’t make offerings to them.
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WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
4. pollinate • • a. extinct
5. take • • b. plants
6. go • • c. the stairs
U N I T
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[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
U N I T
5. hang • • a. a practice
6. boil • • b. ready to serve
08
7. develop • • c. clothes
8. be • • d. water
[9~12] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
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09
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you know how to play chess?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. with a pattern of squares of two separate colors
CHECK
2. a country or government led by a king or queen
3. to have the similar appearance or qualities as sb or sth
4. a grain grown and used to make flour
5. a prize earned for doing sth well or as requested
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
3 According to the mathematician’s request, how many wheat grains would there be on the
fourth square on the board?
a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 64
SUMMARY
Chess is a centuries-old game played on a checkered 8×8 board. It was created when
an Indian king ordered a mathematician to a new game. The
mathematician’s game featured two on a board of 64 squares. As a
he placed a grain of wheat on the board and asked the king to
it for each of the other squares. The king agreed, but there wasn’t enough
grain in the kingdom to fulfill the request. Over time, chess to Europe
and turned into the modern version that we know today.
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09
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Have you ever heard of Guy Fawkes Day?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to state sth officially or publicly
CHECK
2. unkind or cruel
3. to take sb away for breaking a law
4. having feelings of compassion for sb
5. an object that explodes with colored lights and loud sounds
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
3 What is NOT likely to happen on Guy Fawkes Day according to the passage?
a. People enjoy their favorite kinds of fireworks.
b. People make a bonfire with wood, leaves, and trash.
c. Children sell models of Guy Fawkes on the street.
d. Sausages and potatoes are cooked at night.
SUMMARY
In Britain, every year on November 5 people Guy Fawkes Day. The story
of Guy Fawkes dates back to 1605, when he tried to blow up Britain’s Houses of
Parliament with a bomb to kill King James I and all the members of the government.
The plan , but people remember it each year by making a of
Fawkes and burning it on top of a . They also light and enjoy
a traditional meal of sausages and potatoes.
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10
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Have you ever seen an opal?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. distant from a particular place or most places
CHECK
2. extreme; intense
3. a naturally occurring layer of rock or other material
4. new knowledge or understanding
5. an object or design used as a symbol for sth
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READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Identifying main ideas within
paragraphs
1 What is the best title for the passage? Every paragraph contains a main idea.
a. Opals: Mysterious Hidden Gems This idea outlines the basic point of a
b. Why Is Mars Called the Red Planet? paragraph. The first or last sentence of
a paragraph usually gives us the main
c. Opals: A Link Between Australia and Mars
idea.
d. How Gemstones Form in Desert Areas
DETAILS
3 How did acidity levels in an Australian sea change around 100 million years ago?
SUMMARY
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10
U N I T
The San Andreas *Fault, the boundary between the Pacific *Plate and the North
American Plate, runs along the northern coast of California and extends inland into the
TOEFL southern part of the state. It was discovered in 1895 and named after San Andreas Lake,
which was formed by the movements of these plates.
5 These movements have helped shape the landscape of California in many other ways
READING 2 too. They have created beautiful mountains and valleys. But the San Andreas Fault is also a
cause of much concern. The plates are still moving today, and they make the ground in the
area dangerously unstable.
The San Andreas Fault is a transform fault. This means that the plates that form
10 it are moving past each other. ■ Since they are moving in opposite directions, there is a
high chance of serious earthquakes occurring. ■ This is especially worrisome because the
fault runs through several highly populated areas. ■ Actually, a huge earthquake hit San
Francisco in 1906. ■
Earthquakes are very difficult to predict, but studying plate boundaries more carefully
15 may help scientists develop better warning systems for these natural disasters. The San
Andreas Fault, one of rare plate boundaries on land, is much easier to study than other plate
boundaries, which are mostly found beneath the ocean. Geologists are carefully studying it
and watching for any signs that could help them predict when the next big earthquake may
occur.
unhealthy
unnatural
unclear
unsteady
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2 Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage.
It destroyed much of the city and showed just how destructive these plate movements
can be.
4 According to paragraph 4, the San Andreas Fault is relatively easy for studying plate
boundaries because
5 According to the passage, which is NOT true about the San Andreas Fault?
6 Directions Look at the sentence in bold. It is the first sentence of a short summary of the
passage. Choose THREE answers to complete the summary. Wrong answer choices use minor
ideas from the passage or use information that is not in the passage.
The San Andreas Fault is a transform fault that runs through much of California.
Not much is known about its possible effects on this populated area.
The geological activity that it caused has now stopped.
It is located on the boundary between two major moving plates.
There is an increased chance of earthquakes in the areas around it.
Scientists are studying it to create better earthquake warning systems.
Although it has not caused any major earthquakes yet, it may soon.
55
WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
5. light • • a. New Year’s Day
U N I T
56
[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
5.
U N I T
move in • • a. a belief
6. strengthen • • b. signs
7.
10
watch for • • c. opposite directions
10. The flights were delayed two hours due to weather conditions.
a. biological b. remote c. severe d. mysterious
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11
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • If you could travel to another planet, which one would you choose?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. a final location where sb or sth is headed
CHECK
2. a hole in the ground caused by an impact
3. to be between two limits
4. protective clothing that lets one survive in space
5. to move in an upward and downward motion
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
3 How much pressure does the atmosphere on Venus have compared to that of Earth?
SUMMARY
Mercury
■ no air and temperatures
■ need a spacesuit with sufficient oxygen that prevents
Proper and burning
Spacesuit
Venus
for
■ high-pressure of the that is mostly carbon dioxide
Destination
■ need a titanium spacesuit that can keep you from being
Moon
■ the safest destination
■ need a spacesuit that allows you to its temperature
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11
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Have you ever thought about being an astronaut?
*jet lag: tiredness you feel after taking a long flight because of the time difference
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. normal, typical
CHECK
2. to protect sth from being used up
3. a narrow piece of material like leather or cloth used to hold or tie sth
4. to have pain or discomfort from sth
5. a hobby or sth you enjoy doing when you are not working
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READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Inferring meaning
1 What is the passage mainly about? To identify ideas that are not directly
stated in writing, we can make use of
a. training to be an astronaut common sense or our knowledge of
b. purposes of space research the world. Also, we can guess meanings
c. a typical day for astronauts by using some clues from context or
situations.
d. difficulties astronauts go through
DETAILS
SUMMARY
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12
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you know how car safety tests are carried out?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. to find the size, length, or amount of sth
CHECK
2. appearing to be alive
3. to come into contact with sth very hard
4. to make slight changes to sth
5. equipment that can feel or sense sound, light, motion, etc.
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
5 Which is NOT true about crash test dummies according to the passage?
a. They are produced in various sizes.
b. They have ribs and backbones like humans.
c. Each of their sensors costs more than $100,000.
d. Virtual crash test dummies can be reused.
SUMMARY
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12
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Can you think of anything that was designed based on nature?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. able to be seen through
CHECK
2. a sticky substance that is used to join things together
3. the upper part of the leg
4. to plan or shape sth based on sth else
5. a new idea or method which has been introduced
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
The of the Eiffel Tower is based on that of a human thigh bone. Thanks
to this borrowed structure, the tower can strong winds. There are many
other examples of how nature has humans. The roof of a stadium was
on dragonfly wings, and gecko tape was based on a lizard’s toes. These
examples suggest that nature has to human problems, and we can learn
from it.
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WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
2. We turn off all the lights after ten o’clock in order to conserve energy.
a. develop b. produce c. fix d. save
A B
U N I T
7. wear • • c. a spacecraft
[8~11] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
14. the force that pulls objects toward the center of a planet:
15. a special piece of metal that attracts other metal objects toward it:
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[1~4] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
4. We’ve taken a different path that will enable us to get there faster.
a. force b. allow c. require d. prevent
A
B
U N I T
5. make • • a. steady
6. support • • b. a discovery
12
7. remain • • c. the body’s weight
[8~11] Choose the best word to complete each sentence. (Change the form if needed.)
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13
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you agree that negative thoughts can lead to bad results?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. not real
CHECK
2. sb or sth used in a scientific experiment
3. sth that happens naturally in nature or society
4. many; great in number
5. a condition of the mind or body that is not normal or healthy
68
READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Understanding the details
1 What is the passage mainly about? Details give readers a better explanation
of what the author is trying to say.
a. a problem caused by taking fake medicine Details can be used to further describe
b. a study that proves the placebo effect is not real the topic or to give examples. When
c. a new kind of medicine without any side effects dealing with detail questions, only use
the information given in the text. Do
d. a psychological effect caused by negative expectations
not infer!
DETAILS
2 Why did 11% of subjects quit the study about a drug for a chronic pain disorder?
SUMMARY
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13
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • What do you usually do when you catch a cold?
*airway: the passage that carries air from the nose or mouth into the lungs
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. the ability not to be affected by sth
CHECK
2. related to the body’s system of breathing
3. an illness caused by bacteria or viruses
4. to modify ideas or behavior to deal with a new circumstance
5. to create copies of oneself
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
2 According to paragraph 1, why is it important to know whether the cause of the infection is
bacteria or viruses?
SUMMARY
■ of respiratory infections
- Bacteria and viruses are responsible for respiratory infections.
■ Differences between bacteria and viruses
- Bacteria are organisms than viruses.
- Only bacteria can survive and on their own.
- Antibiotics bacteria, but not viruses.
■ Prevention methods
- Wash your hands to avoid catching viruses.
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14
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you think you have a good memory?
*lethologica: a phenomenon in which one is unable to retrieve a particular word from memory
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. not whole
CHECK
2. to bring a memory to one’s mind
3. a situation or condition that sb or sth is in
4. a sound with a single vowel, which forms a word or part of a word
5. to cause a machine, function, or process to start
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
Jesse: I can’t recall the answer. But I am sure it has five syllables.
Alice: I think I am good at writing, but poor at speaking.
Claire: The band’s name starts with a D, but I can’t remember the exact name.
Phil: My memory was good when I was younger, but it is failing now.
SUMMARY
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14
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you usually agree with your friends’ opinions?
*sandwich board: a pair of connected boards that are hung over someone’s shoulders for the purpose of
advertising
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. more than half of a group
CHECK
2. to express agreement with an idea, law, or system
3. basic way of thinking that society expects everyone to have
4. to become aware of
5. to judge the value, size, or amount of sth approximately
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MAIN IDEA
DETAILS
SUMMARY
6 The sentence below is the first sentence of a short summary of the passage. Choose TWO
additional sentences from below to complete the summary.
The false consensus effect explains why we believe people have the same opinion
as ours.
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WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
2. The woman took her son to the doctor’s office for a flu shot.
a. drug b. injection c. symptom d. prevention
A B
4. treat • • a. birth
5. give • • b. a resistance
6. build up • • c. infections
U N I T
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[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
A B
4. pay • • a. the campus
5. walk around • • b. a memory
6.
U N I T
retrieve • • c. a choice
7. make • • d. attention
14
[8~10] Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
[11~12] Choose the correct definition of the underlined word in each sentence.
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15
U N I T WARM-UP QUESTION • Do you know which country ruled India as a colony?
Choose the correct words for the blanks from the highlighted words in the passage.
WORD
1. a country controlled by a more powerful country
CHECK
2. to be in control of a group of people or a country
3. the act of trying to hurt or kill sb or damage sth
4. the state of being politically free from control by another country
5. to twist fibers into thread to make cloth
78
READING SKILL
V ocab
MAIN IDEA Inferring from the context
1 What is the best title for the passage? To effectively understand the passage,
we need to infer facts that are not
a. Another Lesson from History mentioned in the reading. Some key
b. Until the Day of Independence points are out of the passage and
c. What a Great Leader Left Behind readers understand them through
inference. Knowing exactly what the
d. The Wheel of Peaceful Independence
author is trying to say is important.
DETAILS
SUMMARY
India suffered a lot during its days under British but managed to find a
unique way to achieve independence. Indians picked , which was shipped
to England and then resold to Indians as . Gandhi promoted his idea of
independence by encouraging people to use a new, cheap type of
spinning . Indians used the machines to spin cotton anywhere. Rather
than fight the British, they chose to become independent peacefully.
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15
U N I T
American Slavery
During the 1600s, many European settlers in North America made a living by growing
tobacco, sugar, and cotton on plantations. These plantations were most common in the
TOEFL Southern states. For just 27 dollars, plantation owners there could buy an African slave.
They made fortunes by keeping slaves and not paying them a penny for their labor.
5 For over 200 years, thousands of slaves were shipped over from Africa and sold in
READING 2 slave markets every year. In 1807, the United States government passed the Act to Prohibit
the Importation of Slaves in an effort to end the slave trade. Unfortunately, the law was not
really kept, and slave traders continued to bring slaves to America. By 1860, there were
about 4 million slaves in the Southern states.
10 Life for slaves was very hard. ■ They did backbreaking work for long hours. ■ They
were the property of their owners. ■ These children were slaves from the moment they were
born till the day they died. ■ With such a system in place, it seemed that slavery would never
end.
Despite the awful life of slaves, few tried to escape the plantations. Running away was
15 extremely dangerous, and very few succeeded. Slave owners would hunt them down using
dogs. If the runaway was caught, he or she was badly beaten or even killed as an example
to other slaves.
To be free, runaway slaves had to travel hundreds of miles to reach Canada, where
slavery was illegal. They had to travel secretly, or they would be caught by the police and
20 sent back to the plantations. However, there was a small, secret organization called the
Underground Railroad that helped the runaways by giving them food and a place to hide. It
was a long and dangerous journey, but some slaves did make it to freedom.
80
2 Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage.
When they had children, they also belonged to the plantation owners.
6 Directions Look at the sentence in bold. It is the first sentence of a short summary of the
passage. Choose THREE answers to complete the summary. Wrong answer choices use minor
ideas from the passage or use information that is not in the passage.
American plantation owners forced slaves to work for them between the 17th and 19th
centuries.
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WOR D RE VIE W T E ST
[1~3] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
3. I’m concerned that people doing backbreaking work are not paid enough.
a. uninteresting b. physical c. stressful d. exhausting
A B
4. spin • • a. control of
5. rule • • b. cotton
6. take • • c. a country
U N I T
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MEMO
MEMO
MEMO
MEMO
MEMO
MEMO