Midterm Examination Miracle Joy M.

Santiago
Educational Planning and Management

1. Educational planning has many purposes and here are some of those: First,
Educational Planning helps in identifying goals and objectives. Educational
planning enables us to have a clear picture on what we really want to achieve in terms
of education. It gives us a pathway to achieving our goals if we have identified what
our goals and objectives are. It is also important to share common goals to everyone
in the organization to ensure our success. Second, it enables a nation to make her
choices clear in terms of educational needs. Educational planning gives
opportunities for the nation to determine timely and relevant educational needs. This
allows educational planners to assess as well as to understand that what is beneficial
and significant today might not be in the future. It gives rooms for futuristic
approaches to educational needs based on the factors like the students, time, and
resources. Third, it takes into consideration the important issues, conditions,
constraints and factors in education. Through educational planning, we do not only
think ahead of the result, but we also give emphasis to the process itself. By looking
at the factors to consider, educational planning will be more effective because future
problems that might be encountered can be foreseen. Possible solutions also can be
considered, and potential strategies can be put at hand. One of the factors that I think
should be the primary consideration in educational planning is the social demand. It is
an important consideration for educational planners because planning for education is
for the entire society and not for the individuals. Fourth, its focus is on future
objectives, vision and goals. Educational planning allows us to see what is ahead of
the educational system, not only the educational system itself, but also the students
and teachers. Oftentimes, we say that it is our goal to yield students who are highly
proficient, globally competitive and students who are nation-builders. As one of the
lines in DepEd Vision says, “and whose competencies and values enable them to
realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to building the nation.”
Determining objectives, vision and goals is important in educational planning not
only because we want a good result, but it is also important to instill to every member
of the institution to share the common goal because, there will be no future to look
forward to if from the start, no one cooperates to the goal to be achieved. Like in our
present times situation, at this point, the Department of Education is not only the one
who is making an effort to make this new normal set-up work, but also the parents,
students and even the local government units are also helping to achieve the goal of
education even at this time of global pandemic. Lastly, it saves time, effort and
money. Successful and systematic planning saves time, money, and effort in the long
term. In order to achieve the goals, set forth in the plan, this is the approach that will
be followed. Preparation is essential for any institution endeavor of this kind and
should begin well in advance. Planning for education is a vital part of a nation's
 overall growth. Preparation for educational development must take into account the
desired learning outcomes and the financial resources needed to support those
outcomes. Through effective and efficient planning, trial and error can also be
avoided. Thus, resources and manpower can also be utilized properly and no
resources will be wasted.

2. Foundations of Educational Planning

 Sociological Factors
Educational Planning cannot succeed without attention to social factors. It
involves study of relations between educational systems and the rest of
society, including economy. It deals with social aspects of the learning
process. Clearly, sociology of education is related in numerous ways to the
various problems that educational planners have to make. For us to be able to
look for social factors and social forces and their mutual interdependence and
to view education as an integral part of a social whole is probably its most
important component.

 Demographic Factors
Education is for people and its development is ultimately aimed at
maximizing the capacity for achieving full welfare of the population.
According to N.K Mohanty, the educational planner as well as administrator
is constantly engaged in activities for and with the people. The question
arises: What are the demographic challenges facing educational planning
today? It is vital for planners and decision-makers to know the structure and
distribution of the population at a given date, as well as how it has changed in
recent years. In other words, educational planning cannot be divorced from
considerations about dynamics of population like its growth and change as it
deals with a ‘target population’ which is constantly changing in number, sex
composition and geographic distribution.
 Economic Factors
The type of education depends on the economic strength of any country. Also,
economic factor determines the content and method of an educational system.
If the economic condition of a country is poor, education becomes backward
in many aspects while if the economy of a country is strong, then educational
aims and the curriculum are given a special direction for making the country
prosperous. For example, here in the Philippines, we transformed our
educational system from basic education into K12 curriculum so that our
students who will graduate from grade 12 will be competitive enough.
 Pedagogical Factors
Pedagogy is the science of teaching, comprises the sum total of our
knowledge and experience bringing about learning. The planner must acquaint
himself with the following given aspects: objectives of education, structure of
 an educational system, contents of education , methods of teaching and
learning, financing education and innovation and technology and research and
evaluation.

3. Educational Planning and Management prepares me to become good future school

administrator for the following reasons: First, this course helps me to understand well
how the system of education works as well as the roles of school administrators to
this system. I also learn how to effectively and efficiently execute the task mandated
to school administrators. Second, this course teaches me various types of planning
which I know will be beneficial for me when I become a school manager, because
planning is a crucial job to do that’s why I should learn how to plan effectively to be
able to manage the school. Lastly, this course also prepares me on how to become a
productive leader. I also learned that a school administrator should be able to have
clear goals and objectives for the school as well as to build a harmonious relationship
among the members of the organization. Most of all, this helps me to understand how
important educational planning is to the success of the school through providing good
and quality education. This course makes me understand how important the role of a
leader is to the school as they serve as the candle that lights up the organization
towards the goal.