ECW 341 Water Engineering Laboratory Program: Diploma In Civil Engineering (EC110)

Universiti Teknologi MARA Academic Session: OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

Laboratory
LEVEL 2 Team Student’s ID Student’s Name Group
Level
Laboratory Title ENUMERATION OF BACTERIA 1. Group Leader 2019400128 AHMAD MUHAIMIN BIN MUHAMMAD NASRAN EC110 5A - G1
Date 11 / 1 / 2022 2. Member 2019448406 AFIF IZZUDDIN BIN NOOR ILHAM EC110 5A - G1
Lecturer’s
Name
NOOR SAFWAN BIN MUHAMAD 3. Member 2019258558 MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN ISMAIL EC110 5A - G1

4. Member
Verification

CO2 : Demonstrate leadership skills in task related to water engineering.

PO6 : Demonstrate knowledge of the societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to engineering technician practice and solutions to well-defined
engineering problems.

A. LABORATORY REPORT ASSESSMENT

RUBRICS/Marks Marks
NO DOMAIN ELEMENT
2 4 6 8 10
Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the
following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving
approach: approach: approach: approach: approach:
 No acceptance of  25% acceptance of any  50% acceptance of any  75% acceptance of any  100% acceptance of any
A3 (Valuing) commitment commitment commitment commitment commitment
The worth a student  Uncommitted to carry  25% committed to carry  50% committed to carry  75% committed to carry  100% committed to carry
attaches to a particular responsibility responsibility responsibility responsibility responsibility
object, phenomenon, or  Uncommitted to provide  25% committed to  50% committed to  75% committed to provide  100% committed to provide
behavior. Ranges from Leadership skill, suggestion and/or idea provide suggestion provide suggestion suggestion and/or idea suggestion and/or idea
1 acceptance to Commitment &  Uncommitted to follow and/or idea and/or idea  75% committed to follow  100% committed to follow
commitment, carry Responsibility group decision  25% committed to follow  50% committed to follow group decision. group decision.
responsibility for the  Unable to control, lead, group decision. group decision  Able to control, lead and  Able to control, lead and
functioning of a group, fail to deliver the task to  Able to control, lead the  Able to control, lead and delivering the task to the delivering the task to the
attitudes and the group and does not group but fail to deliver delivering the task to the group efficiently and group efficiently and serves
appreciation. compromise to achieve the task and does not group members and usually does what is the as a leader in managing
the objectives of compromise towards the occasionally helps the best interest of the group individual ideas towards the
experiments (Reports) achievement objectives group to achieve the towards the achievement achievement of the
of the experiments objectives of the of the objectives objectives (Reports)
(Reports) experiments (Reports) (Reports)
Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the
following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving
approach approach approach approach approach
 <100% maintain good  100% maintain good  100% maintain good  100% maintain good  100% maintain good health
health habits, health habits, health habits, health habits, compliance habits, compliance on lab
compliance on lab compliance on lab safety compliance on lab safety on lab safety rules and safety rules and practice
safety rules and practice rules and practice them rules and practice them practice them them
them  85% display self-  90% display self-  95% display self-reliance  100% display self-reliance in
A4 (Organization)  Not display self-reliance reliance in working reliance in working in working independently, working independently, and
At this level, the student in working independently, and independently, and and cooperate in group cooperate in group activities,
has held a value system independently, and cooperate in group cooperate in group activities,  100% display a professional
for a sufficiently long cooperate in group activities, activities,  95% display a commitment to ethical
time to control his/her activities,  85% display a  90% display a professional commitment practice daily.
behavior, has developed  Not display a professional professional to ethical practice daily.  100% able to objectively
Character &
2 a characteristic professional commitment to ethical commitment to ethical  95% able to objectively interpret case study/problem
Organization
"lifestyle." Behavior is commitment to ethical practice daily. practice daily. interpret case  100% able to revise
pervasive, consistent, practice daily.  85% able to objectively  90% able to objectively study/problem judgments and changes
predictable, and most  Not able to objectively interpret case interpret case  95% able to revise approach considering new
importantly, interpret case study/problem study/problem judgments and changes idea or issue arise.
characteristic of the study/problem  85% able to revise  90% able to revise approach considering  Team showed great
learner.  Not able to revise judgments and changes judgments and changes new idea or issue arise. cohesion, interaction
judgments and changes approach considering approach considering  Team showed great respect. Team shared the
approach considering new idea or issue arise. new idea or issue arise. cohesion, interaction tasks equally and utilizes
new idea or issue arise.  Team demonstrated  Team showed good respect. Team member abilities of each team
 Team showed poor some cohesion, cohesion, interaction did not share the tasks members. Reports were
cohesion, poor interaction respect. Most respect. Team member equally and did not utilize completed on time with
interaction and poor work was done by only 1 did not share the tasks abilities of each team satisfactory compilations.
respect. Only one member team. Reports equally and did not members. Reports were
person does all the were completed on time utilize abilities of each completed on time but
 ECW 341 Water Engineering Laboratory Program: Diploma In Civil Engineering (EC110)
Universiti Teknologi MARA Academic Session: OCT 2021 – FEB 2022
reports. Reports were but with unsatisfactory team members. Reports with satisfactory
not completed compilations. were completed on time compilations.
but with unsatisfactory
compilations
B. LABORATORY REPORT ASSESSMENT
A4 (Organizing) In the state of 0% readiness In the state of 25% readiness In the state of 50% readiness In the state of 75% readiness In the state of 100% readiness and
Brings together different and no preparation of the and loose preparation of the and moderate preparation of and good preparation of the well preparation of the following:
values, resolving conflicts following: following: the following: following:
among them, and starting to  Unable to design the  able to design the  able to design, find  able to design, find  able to design, find relevant
build an internally consistent experiment and provide experiment but provide relevant standard relevant standard standard procedure and
Summary of explanations on the poor explanations on the procedure and clearly procedure and clearly clearly stated with excellent
3 value system. Organizes
procedures/methods procedures of procedures of stated with average stated with good explanations on conducting
values into priorities by
contrasting different conducting experimental conducting experimental explanations on explanations on experimental work
systems. The emphasis is on work work conducting experimental conducting experimental
work work
comparing, relating, and
synthesizing values.
Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the
following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving
A4 (Organizing) approach as shown in lab approach as shown in lab approach as shown in lab approach as shown in lab report approach as shown in lab report
Brings together different report report report
values, resolving conflicts  The team is unable to  The team is able to  The team is able to  The team is able to collect  The team is able to collect
among them, and starting to collect any data, collect some data but collect some relevant relevant data, related to relevant data, related to the
build an internally consistent insufficient to analyze unable to analyze and data, related to the the objectives, with good objectives, with excellent
4 value system. Organizes Result and analysis and interpret interpret objectives, with fair analysis and analysis and interpretation.
values into priorities by  Unable in comparing,  25% comparing, relating analysis and interpretation.  100% comparing, relating
contrasting different relating and and synthesizing data interpretation.  50% comparing, relating and synthesizing data based
systems. The emphasis is on synthesizing data based based on relevant  50% comparing, relating and synthesizing data on relevant standard
comparing, relating, and on relevant standard standard and synthesizing data based on relevant
synthesizing values. based on relevant standard
standard

Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the Demonstrate capability on the
following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving following in a problem-solving
A4 (Organizing) approach as shown in lab approach as shown in lab approach as shown in lab approach as shown in lab report approach as shown in lab report
Brings together different report report report  75% organize, formatted  100% fully organize,
values, resolving conflicts  Not organize,  25% organize, formatted  50% organize, formatted and systematic laboratory formatted and systematic
among them, and starting to unformatted and and systematic and systematic report laboratory report
build an internally consistent unsystematic laboratory laboratory report laboratory report  75% providing solution to  100% providing solution to
5 value system. Organizes Discussion report  25% providing solution  50% providing solution the environmental the environmental
values into priorities by  Not providing solution to to the environmental to the environmental engineering problems. engineering problems.
contrasting different the environmental engineering problems. engineering problems.  The team is able to relate  The team is able to relate all
systems. The emphasis is on engineering problems.  The team is able to  The team is able to all findings with the findings with the problem
comparing, relating, and  The team is unable to discuss some of the relate some of the problem with good with excellent discussion
synthesizing values. discuss the findings findings findings with the discussion
problem with fair
discussion

The team is able to provide The team is able to derive fair The team is able to derive good The team is able to derive accurate
6 A5 (Characterization) Conclusion The team is unable to conclude conclusion without answering conclusion based on findings to conclusion based on findings to conclusion based on findings to
the objective answer the objective answer the objective answer the objective

TOTAL

60
PROCEDURE

1. Ready a liquid sample for the experiment. This group (Group 1) using urine as liquid
sample.
2. The liquid sample divided into 3 conditions to put into a bottle. Pure urine liquid used
for first bottle. Second bottle, distilled water added into the liquid using pipet to be
diluted to 1:200. Third bottle, the liquid diluted to 1:1000.
3. 1 ml of liquid inside each bottle are taken using dropper and poured into membrane
filter plate separately for each bottle.

Figure 1: Aerobic plates.

4. The plates are placed inside incubator for 36 hours with temperature of 35˚C.
5. The plates taken out and observed the presence of bacteria. Number of colonies are
counted and recorded.
DATA ANALYSIS

Figure 2: Presence of bacteria between three samples.

Sample Dilution Coliform E-coli Total Coliform

1 - 0 0 0 / 100 ml
2 1:200 13 0 2.6 × 105 / 100 ml
3 1:1000 Uncountable 0 Uncountable
DISCUSSION

Result from the experiment obtained, 2 out of 3 samples shows the presence of bacteria
while the other is not.

From observation of the samples, there are no sign of bacteria colony or colour
changing in sample 1. Pure urine should not have presence of any bacteria besides coliform, so
the condition of this individual is healthy.

Sample 2 does show a sign of bacteria colony about 13 of average coliforms colony and
no e-coli detected after the dilution. The purpose of dilution is to get the bacteria into colony.
The lower ratio of dilution, the higher the size of bacteria colony. Pipet was used during this
process to ensure the exact amount volume of distilled water used. Observation on the sample
is quite blurry because the colour was blend in with the membrane filter brings difficulty to get
the exact amount of colony.

Sample 3 shows a lot of bacteria presence with the random numbers of coliform spots
and the change of colour are highly visible, pink colour to be exact. The number of colonies is
too much and too small to be counted, later it was decided to be uncountable. The dilution
should have made the bacteria to form large colony where it is opposite on this sample.

All data from the samples are recorded then calculated using the formula,
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 = (𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 + 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖) × 100 × 𝐷𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟. The best result of the
experiment is the Sample 2 in case of able to get exact amount of bacteria colony. Comparison
between the samples and National Drinking Water Standard, coliform must not be detected in
any 100 ml sample, which is Sample 1 is the safest but need to consider the colour and further
treatment.
CONCLUSION

The objectives of this experiment to quantify the presence of E-coli in liquid sample
and to compare result of experiment with National Drinking Water Standard was succeed.
Although, using urine as sample for this experiment is difficult to get satisfying result rather
than other sample such as cat’s dung, drain water or lake water. These samples are more likely
to have e-coli inside. For future experiment, dilution process is need to be focused because it
one of the factor of result failure.
APPENDICES

Figure 3&4: Samples from other group (Cat’s dung & River water).
REFERENCES

[1] Diploma in Civil Engineering, “Enumeration of Bacteria. E-coli,” Laboratory Manual,

Universiti Teknologi MARA.

[2] Joan Petersen & Susan McLaughlin, “Introduction to Enumeration of Bacteria,”

Queensborough Community College,
https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Carolina_State_University/MB352_General_
Microbiology_Laboratory_2021_(Lee)/05%3A_Enumeration_of_Bacteria/5.01%3A_Introdu
ction_to_Enumeration_of_Bacteria