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AH14-LiveStock Production Systems

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AH14-LiveStock Production Systems

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adura14
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Rain-fed mixed-farming systems (MR)

The geographic distribution of mixed-farming systems is depicted in Figure 5. Sub-Saharan Africa, West Asia and N
America are relatively unimportant in terms of meat production, whereas developed countries and Asia together con
production from mixed-farming systems.

Temperate zones and tropical highlands rain-fed system (MRT). This system is defined as a combination of rain
temperate or tropical highland areas, in which crops contribute at least 10 percent of the value of total farm output.

The MRT system is found in two contrasting agro-ecozones of the world: it is the dominant system in most of North
basically covering large strips of land north of the 30° northern latitude parallel, and it is found in the tropical highland
Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda) and in the Andean region of Latin America (Ecuador, Mexico).

The main common feature of these two regions is that low temperatures during all or part of the year limit and determ
that found in tropical environments (e.g. C3 versus C4 grasses).

In the course of the development process, production technology in temperate locations evolved to higher specializa
more open systems. This has resulted in increasing negative externalities of these systems for the environment.

In most tropical MRT systems, production is less intensive, with livestock performing a series of functions in mixed s
income; means to concentrate nutrients for crops through manure; fuel; animal traction; a cash reserve for emergen
production.

Globally, the MRT system is the most important source of animal products, providing 39 percent of the beef and vea
production and 63 percent of the cow milk produced.

In developed countries, growing environmental concern, reduced protection of domestic production and increased in
stagnation or even a reduction in output levels. In eastern Europe and the CIS, mixed systems will replace inefficien
economies open up to the markets.

In Asia, this system has the potential for increased production and better use of feeds for intensified ruminant produ
land-use patterns at the farm level.

In the highlands of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, production increases must come from a further intensifica
The highlands should favour small-scale mechanization because of the high population density, continuous cultivatio

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