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American Textbook 1

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136 views170 pages

American Textbook 1

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Errol Sevilleno Acot
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ES S57 AS SHY /O|RaaMe be S07) SAAS Z- SYS Ast Opal Heel Michael A. Putiack e-Creative Contents OR 25 3-48 2s Ove Authors: ‘Michael A. Putlack ‘Michael A Pulack graduated from Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, USA, where he got his B.A. in History and English and his M.A. in History. He has written a number of books for children, teenagers, and adult. Creative Contents ‘Acteative group that develops Englsh contents and products for ESL and EFL students ‘American School Textbook Reading Key - Basic 1 Publisher: Keyjoong kim ‘Author: Michael A.Putiak| e-Creative Contents First edition: June, 2010 ‘Sixth edition July, 2011 By Key Publications 422-8, Dagok-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea Tel: 82-2-735-4021. Fax: 733-1595 hutp//mww.englishbus.cokr ‘e-mails key0505@gmailcom Copyright © 2011 @) Key Publiations Photo Credits © photoscom roy Picton: Allrights served. No part of tis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, of transmitted, in any form or by ary means, without the prior written permission ofthe copyright owner ISON: 978-89.7457-832-9 14740 ‘Components: Student book / Workbook / MP3 CD ae) EBT Lire F COT ron The Best Preparation for Building Academic Reading Skills and Vocabulary The Reading Key series is designed to help students to understand American school textbooks and to develop background knowledge in a wide variety of academic topics. This series also provides learners with the opportunity to enhance their reading comprehension skills and vocabulary, which will assist them when they take various English exams. Reading Key is a three-book series designed for high-beginner to low-intermediate learners. Reading Key is a three-book series designed for low-intermediate to intermediate learners. Reading Key is a three-book series designed for intermediate to advanced learners. Features + Awide variety of topics that cover American school subjects helps learners expand their knowledge of academic topics through interdisciplinary studies + Intensive practice for reading skill development helps learners prepare for various English exams + Building vocabulary by school subjects and themed texts helps learners expand their vocabulary and reading skills in each subject + Graphic organizers for each passage show the structure of the passage and help to build summary skills + Captivating pictures and illustrations related to the topics help learners gain a broader understanding of the topics and key concepts Table of Contents BYofe Eyes | History and Geography Theme: People Move from Place to Place Moving to aNew Community 8 ANation of Immigrants 10 Theme: Economics Earning, Spending, and Saving Money 12 (NZI Our Needs and Wants 14 Vocabulary Review 1 16 Theme: Living in Different Climates World Climate Regions 18 (9 Extreme Weather Conditions 20 Theme: Using Resources Goods and Resources 22 (INT Goods and Services 24 Vocabulary Review 2 26 ‘Theme: The Government (CITED American State and Local Governments 28 (ISID The Three Branches of Government 30 Theme: Laws and Rules Laws and Rules 32 The Jury System 34 Vocabulary Review 3 36 Wrap-Up Test 1 38 Ra (Tata) Theme: A World of Plants (NE) Kinds of Plants 40 (SES How Do Plants Make Food? 42 Theme: AWorld of Animals Classifications of Animals 44 (HISD What Do Animals Need to Live and Grow? 46 Vocabulary Review 4 48 Theme: Food Chains (SED What Makes up a Food Chain? 50 (ISED Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores 52 Theme: Ecosystems (TEED What Are Ecosystems? 54 (IED Dinosaurs: Extinct but still Popular 56 Vocabulary Review 5 58 Theme: The Weather and the Water Cycle The Weather 60 The Water Cycle 62 Theme: Earth's Resources (IES) Rocks, Minerals, and Soil 64 (E23 Fossils and Fossil Fuels 66 Vocabulary Review 6 68 Wrap-Up Test 2 70 Mathematics - Language + AEC Cele Theme: Geometry Points, Lines, and Line Segments 72 (NED Polygons 74 Theme: Measurement (CETERA The US. Customary System and the Metric System 76 Measurement Word Problems 78 Vocabulary Review 7 80 Theme: Myths from Ancient Greece Gods and Goddesses in Greek Myths 82 (TED Titans, Heroes, and Monsters in Greek Myths 84 Theme: Myths from Ancient Rome (WIEN Same Gods, Different Names 86 (TED Cupid and Psyche 8 Vocabulary Review 8 90 Theme: Visual Arts (TES) Architecture and Architects 92 (EZ Sculptures and Sculptors 94 Theme: A World of Music Elements of Music 96 What's Your Vocal Range? 98 Ni Le Vocabulary Review 9 100 Wrap-Up Test 3 102 ty + Answers and Translations 104 *Word List 116 marcy Social Studies * History and Geography Science Rt etry Citizenship Citizenship Economics Economics World Geography World Geography Economics Economics Government Government Government Government ‘AWorld of Plants A World of Plants AWorld of Animals A World of Animals Food Chains Food Chains Ecosystems Ecosystems The Weather and the Water Cycle The Weather and the Water Cycle Earth's Resources Earth's Resources Geometry Geometry Measurement Measurement Myths Myths Myths Myths Visual Arts Visual Arts ‘AWorld of Music AWorld of Music Moving to a New Community A Nation of Immigrants Earning, Spending, and Saving Money Our Needs and Wants World Climate Regions Extreme Weather Conditions Goods and Resources Goods and Services American State and Local Governments The Three Branches of Government Laws and Rules The Jury System Kinds of Plants How Do Plants Make Food? Classifications of Animals What Do Animals Need to Live and Grow? What Makes up a Food Chain? Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores What Are Ecosystems? Dinosaurs: Extinct but still Popular The Weather The Water Cycle Rocks, Minerals, and Soil Fossils and Fossil Fuels Points, Lines, and Line Segments Polygons The US. Customary System and the Metric System Measurement Word Problems Gods and Goddesses in Greek Myths Titans, Heroes, and Monsters in Greek Myths Same Gods, Different Names Cupid and Psyche Architecture and Architects Sculptures and Sculptors Elements of Music What's Your Vocal Range? Chapter 1. Social Studies | History andi its ; ars fo) = + grow up + immigrant + look for + opportunity + improve DTT m neu | Some people live in the same places for their entire lives. They grow up, find jobs, and become old in the same city or town. But other people move from place to place. They move to a nearby city or another state. Some people even move to different countries. We call these people immigrants. So why do people move to a new community? Mostly, they are looking for opportunities to improve their lives. An opportunity is a chance for something better to happen. People often move to find a better life for themselves or their children. And some people even move to another country to seek freedom. So what can people do in a new community? They can find new jobs, get a better education, or make friends. They can also try to become a part of it. They should obey the community's laws and respect other people so that the community becomes a good place to live. @© People move from place to place. Canada My family moved to a new city because of my father's job. | | Deaths 1 Whatis the passage mainly about? a. Why people move b.Where people move —_c. How people move 2 People often move because they want better a. families b. lives ¢, automobiles 3 What should people do in their new communities? a. Invite their neighbors to their homes b. Obey the laws of their communities c.Teach people about their own cultures 4 What does seek mean? a. look for b. create c.obey 5 Complete the sentences. a. Some people stay in the same city for their lives. b. People move to get _ to improve their lives. c. Some people move to another country because they want 6 Complete the outline. People Move from Place to Place (where People Move) — (_WhyPeople Move) (What People Doina New Community ) T I T + Move to new cities or + Want new jobs, better | [+ Obey the? and states 6 , or respect people in their new Memes new friends communities + Seek Wits ais Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. | a chance for 2] |» to become better or something better to to make something happen J better ‘| to seek; to search for '|> to follow; to do what $ you are told todo a + immigrant + immigrate = sail + greet + symbol * get used to + culture + ethnic group A Nation of Immigrants The United States is a nation of immigrants. People immigrate to the U.S. from all over the world. In the early 1900s, many immigrants came from Europe. They sailed on ships across the Atlantic Ocean. They often arrived at Ellis Island in New York Harbor. In New York Harbor, the Statue of Liberty greeted them. For many immigrants, “Lady Liberty” was the first thing they saw in America. It was a symbol of freedom to these immigrants. In the 1960s, many immigrants came from Asia. They often arrived at Angel Island in San Francisco Bay. Moving to another country is not always easy. Immigrants have to get used to their new homes. They often have to start a completely new way of life. They have to learn about a new culture and find new jobs and homes. They need to learn a new language as well. Some immigrants live with the same ethnic group. Ethnic neighbors can help them get used to their new country. @ Many people begin new lives in the United States. a immigrants Lady Liberty, a symbol of Angel Island inthe early 19005 freedom to immigrants in San Francisco Bay DENG achat) 1 Whatis the main idea of the passage? a. Most immigrants arrived at Ellis Island in New York. b. Many immigrants have moved to America to live there. c. There are a lot of Asian immigrants living in America. 2 Another name for the Statue of Liberty is” _ a. Mrs. Liberty b. Lady Liberty c. Aunt Freedom 3. Where is Angel Island? a. In New York Harbor b.In San Francisco Bay _—_c. Beside Ellis Island 4 What does completely mean? a. slowly b. partially c.entirely 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. The Statue of Liberty is in San Francisco Bay. b. Many immigrants leave America and go to other countries. c. Many immigrants from Asia came to America in the 1960s. Immigrants to the U. (Early 19005) C9605 >) (Cin Their New Country) I T I 6 Complete the outl + Came from? _ by ship || + Came from © + Must ¢ to + Arrived at Ellis Island in New + Arrived at Angel Island || new homes York Harbor in San Francisco Bay || - Learn anew culture and language + Were greeted by the b + Find new jobs and homes Were eta Aerts Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » to move to another country » a person who moves to another country to live there » a group of people who have the same ancestors and customs » to say hello to someone; to welcome u = goods + service + get paid + income + earnings + save + budget + spending + savings + control + balance + deposit Earning, Spending, and Saving Money We use money to buy goods and services. When people work, they get paid. This money gives them an income. The money that people earn from working is also called their earnings. People often do two things with their income: They spend it or save it. People spend their money on various things. These include housing, food, transportation, clothes, and entertainment. Most people try to spend less money than they earn. To do this, they often make a budget. A budget is a plan that shows income, spending, and savings. It is important to make a budget to control spending. With a budget, people can plan to buy something and balance their income and spending. Many people save money to use later. If they do not save it, they will not have any money when they need it. People often deposit that money in a bank. @ My Budget for July Total $40 $13 $27 PE UCR 1 Whatis the passage mainly about? a. The best way to save money b. How people can earn a lot of money c.What people do with their money 2A helps people balance their spending and income. a. budget b. savings c. bank 3 Whatare earnings? a.Money people spend _b. Money people make from working c. Money people save 4 What does deposit mean? a. put b. spend c. make 5 Answer the questions. a.What do people use money for? _ - b.What do people spend their money on? c.What do people often do with the money they save? 6 Complete the outline. ( Eamings _) ( Spending _) C Savings) I I I + Use money for ®. food, transportation, clothes, and entertainment * Can use savings for later + Often deposit it ina 4 + Get money from working + Can either spend it or a it + Try not to spend more money than they © Vocabulary Builder the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » all the money people (2) = » the amount of income earn from working | | a person uses to buy | goods and services » aplan that shows income, spending, and savings [3J |» the amount of income that is not spent Our Needs and Wants Fey wor People sometimes spend more money than they earn. When Penis datk this happens, they go into debt. Most people try to avoid going «needs into debt. So they spend their money carefully. ae They divide the things they spend money on into two categories: needs and wants. Needs are things that people must have to live. Wants are things that people desire to have but do + desire + entertainment + traveling + eating out not need in order to live. eae Needs are more important than wants. So people spend + opportuni on money on them first. What are some needs? Housing, food, and = wise clothing are three important needs. Everyone needs a home to live in, food to eat, and clothes to wear. What are some wants? Entertainment and traveling are wants. So are eating out and socializing. People cannot buy everything that they want. They often have to make choices. They need to think about opportunity cost. In other words, if they spend money on one thing, they may not buy another. Opportunity cost can help people make wise economic choices. @ Needs and Wants © Opportunity Cost Opportunity cost is what you give up when you choose to buy one thing over another. OE ea ir} 1 Whatis the main idea of the passage? a. Wants are more important than needs. b, People have both wants and needs. cc. Entertainment and traveling are wants. 2 People can make wise economic choices by thinking about _ a. their earnings b. opportunity cost c. socializing 3 Whatisa need? a. Something a person must have b. Something a person thinks about c. Something a person wants to have 4 What does wise mean? a. smart b. common c. poor 5 Complete the sentences. a. People that spend too much money may go into b. People must have in order to live. c. Eating out and socializing are 6 Complete the outline. Spending Money Opportunity Cost + Can help people make wise economic d + Things people ® have to live + Include housing, food, and b + Things people would like to have sIncludeS traveling, eating out, and socializing Wiles ae ed Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. )» to want or hope for something very much | and movies that give | people pleasure |» things such as television » the value of something that is not chosen when you buy cone thing over another » spending time with other people ina friendly way 15 © complete the sentences with the words below. Complete the sentences with the words below. Some people __ , find jobs, and become old in the same city or town. Some people even move to another country to seek __ _ An opportunity is a for something better to happen. They should obey the community's laws and other people. The United States is a nation of People immigrate to the U.S. from allover For many immigrants, "Lady _ “was the first thing they saw in America. ___ neighbors can help immigrants get used to their new country. We use money to buy goods and _ The money that people earn from working is also called their Most people try to spend __ money than they earn. A budget is a plan that shows income, _ __,and savings. Most people try to avoid going into Needs are things that people must to live. Wants are things that people to have but do not need in order to live. Opportunity cost can help people make wise choices. © write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » a person who moves to another country to live there » to say hello to someone; to welcome ~)> things such as | television and | movies that give people pleasure ‘a’ a group of people who have the same ancestors and customs » the amount of income that is not spent > spending time with © Match each word with the correct definition and write the meaning in Korean. 1 opportunity 2 improve LJ 3 look for LJ 4 obey 0 5 immigrate _ 6 income 0 7 spending O 8 budget O 9 desire O 10 opportunity cost _ 0 Gala G GG GaGi GeO GG tet >, to seek; to search for b. to move to another country = to follow; to do what you are told to do 4. all the money people earn from working = achance for something better to happen « to want or hope for something very much «to become better or to make something better 5. a plan that shows income, savings the Fecal of income a person uses to buy goods and services © the value of something that is not chosen when you buy one thing over another SoS 7 spending, and World Climate Regions + diverse + dimate += tropical + temperate + polar + equator + rainforest + distinct + woodland * prairie * broadleaf + needleleaf * evergreen @ World Climate Regions Our planet is very large and diverse. So it has many different climates. Climate refers to the weather conditions in an area. There are three major climates. They are tropical, temperate, and polar climates. Tropical climates have hot weather all year round. Tropical climates. are found near the equator. Many times, these areas get lots of rain. There are often rainforests in places with tropical climates. Polar climates have cold weather all year round. Polar climates are found in places like Antarctica and parts of Russia and Canada. They get a lot of snow and ice. Most of the world has a temperate climate. It does not get too hot or too cold in temperate climates. These regions experience four distinct seasons. Temperate climates have many different areas. Sometimes, they have dry woodlands and prairies. Sometimes, they have broadleaf forests that lose their leaves in the fall. They also have needleleaf forests. These are forests of evergreens that keep their leaves during the winter. Pn Daal needleleaf forest: broadleaf forest Pon eed eal Led rainforest. 1 Whatis the main idea of the passage? a. The weather in tropical climates can get very cold. b. Temperate climates have four distinct seasons. c. The Earth has tropical, temperate, and polar climates. 2 Some parts of have polar climates. a. Mexico b. England cc. Russia 3 What kind of climate is there near the equator? a. Tropical b. Temperate c. Polar 4 What does experience mean? a. go through b.goup ¢.go around 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. Rainforests are found in places with polar climates. b, Polar climates often get a lot of snow and ice. c. Evergreens are usually found in broadleaf forests. C Tropical) C Polar) (Temperate) I i LL 6 Complete the outline. + Are hot all year Ate cold @ sen oe + Ate not too hot or too cold + Are near the @ *AreinS and | | + Have four distinct + Often get lots of rain parts of Russia and Canada|} + May have rainforests + Get lots of snow and ice + Have many different areas Weta med Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » the weather 2 » a forest of evergreens conditions in an area that has trees with ‘small, needlelike leaves 3 » a climate that is not very hot or very cold > clearly different or separate 19 Extreme Weather Conditions x We usually experience normal weather conditions. But, Any sometimes the weather may become violent. In these cases, + violent people experience extreme forms of weather. + extreme Spiecaal Extreme weather can be dangerous. There are many types of + thunder extreme weather. + lightning ruieter, In winter, sometimes the snow falls so hard that it is impossible + damage to see anything except for the color white. This is a blizzard. * flood Blizzards can drop huge amounts of snow at one time. + drought snaturalhazard = Tropical storms have high winds, heavy rain, thunder, and paeneoon lightning. Hurricanes and typhoons are two types of these storms. Tornadoes are another kind of storm. These are twisters that have winds that blow extremely quickly. They can cause a lot of damage. = Floods and droughts are other examples of natural hazards. Tropical storms and heavy monsoon rains often cause floods. Drought areas get no rain for a long time. The plants there die, blizzard tropical storm ‘tornado drought 20 1 What is the passage mainly about? a. Extreme types of weather b. Hurricanes and tornadoes c. How many people die in extreme weather A place that gets no rain for a long time is experiencing a a. tornado b. flood c. drought What falls during a blizzard? a. Snow b. Rain c.lee What does forms mean? a. situations b. types c. hazards Answer the questions. a. What are hurricanes and typhoons? b. What can cause a flood? ee _ c. What is the name of a storm that has a twister? Complete the outli Extreme Weather C Blizzards) (topical Storms) (Other Types of Weather ) T r T + Heavy ® + Hurricanes and © ~Tomadoes = 4 + Can only see white | | + Have high winds, heavy rain, with fast-blowing winds during them thunder, and © + Droughts = periods of no rain + Can cause floods eres tes Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. i » very great in degree; very unusual » a naturally occurring threat that has a negative effect on people or the environment > the season when it rains a lot in Southern Asia » a period of no rain 21 + produce = goods “pump + fuel + mineral + renewable resource + nonrenewable resource + solar power + wind power * replace + forever = conserve Using Resources @ Goods and Resources There are many kinds of natural resources on the Earth. People use natural resources to produce goods. Trees are used to build our homes and buildings. Oil that is pumped from the ground is made into fuel and other products we use every day. Minerals, such as gold and salt, are also very important natural resources. We can divide the Earth’s resources into renewable and nonrenewable resources. Renewable resources can be used again and again. Water, soil, and trees are renewable resources. Also, solar power and wind power are renewable resources. They can be replaced within a short time. Nonrenewable resources are the opposite. We can only use them once, and then they are gone forever. Many energy resources, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, are nonrenewable resources. They are limited in supply and cannot be replaced easily. We must conserve our natural resources so that we do not run out of them. natural gas DE aed 1 Whatis the passage mainly about? a. Minerals and goods b. Solar power and wind power c. Renewable and nonrenewable resources 2 Gold and salt are two kinds of a. fuels b. renewable resources c. minerals 3 Which of the following are nonrenewable resources? a. Solar power b. Natural gas Water 4 What does replaced mean? a. restored b. constructed c. supplied 5 Complete the sentences. a.We can oil from the ground to use as fuel. b. Some resources are water, soil, and trees. c.Thereisa __ supply of nonrenewable resources. 6 Complete the outline. Natural Resources Renewable Nonrenewable + Can be used + Can only be used © + Water, soil, and trees + Oil, coal, and natural gas + Solar power and » + Alimited supply + Can be replaced within a short time +Cannotbed easily Wet iria Aes Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. cB) '\> a resource that cannot be used again » power derived from wind » to take the place of; to restore )» to use carefully | to avoid waste; to | preserve 23 Goods and Services + purchase + consumer + travel agent + product + profit + cost Companies and factories make goods such as cars, computers, and furniture. Farmers grow crops in soil. Then, they sell these goods to customers. Goods are things made or grown for sale. Vegetables, books, and ice cream are all goods. Any person or company that makes goods is a producer. Producers try to sell their goods to people. We call the people who purchase goods consumers. Some people provide services for others. Waiters, cooks, travel agents, and bus and taxi drivers all have service jobs. Together, goods and services are called products. Most businesses make goods and provide services to make a profit. Profit is the income a business has left after all its costs are paid. So, how do businesses make a profit? They can earn a profit if they sell their products at higher prices than it costs to provide them. @ Businesses make profits by selling or providing products. 24 and sell, vytgie senfooe. % es. (ees a? Goods or se v Businesses earn profits POPU Bel ZiT 1 Whatis the passage mainly about? a. How to make a profit b. Workers in the service industry c. Goods and services being sold to make a profit 2 Aperson who makes any kind of goods is a a. consumer b. producer c. service worker 3. Whatis the money a business earns called? a. Profit b. Product c. Service 4 What does purchase mean? a. consume b. pay c. buy 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. Waiters and chefs are consumers. b. Books and ice cream are services. c. Most businesses try to earn a profit. 6 Complete the outline. + Things made or grown for® + Are made by producers b + Are sold to make a + Are sold to” profit + Profit = money left over after ? are paid + Are things that people provide for others + Include waiters, cooks, , and bus and taxi drivers Vocabulary Builder Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. 1 )> things made or grown |2 )> plants such as corn * b | forsale and wheat that are grown for food »apersonwhobuys [4 ~ \> money left over after goods costs are paid 25 © complete the sentences with the words below. 26 es 1 Our planet is very large and 2 Tropical climates are found near the 3 climates have cold weather all year round. 4 Most of the world has a ___ climate. 5 We usually experience weather conditions. 6 Blizzards can drop huge amounts of snow 7 Tropical storms have high winds, heavy rain, thunder, and 8 Floods and droughts are other examples of natural Complete the sentences with the words below. 1 People use natural to produce goods. 2. Wecan divide the Earth's resources into and nonrenewable resources. 3 Solar power and - ___are renewable resources. 4 Many resources, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, are nonrenewable resources. 5 Any person or company that makes is a producer. 6 Together, goods and services are called 7 Most businesses make goods and provide services to make a 8 Profit is the income a business has left after all its are paid. © write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. |» a forest of evergreens that has trees with small, needlelike leaves » a period of no rain | a resource that | cannot be used » power derived from wind 6 » plants such as corn and wheat that are grown for food © Match each word with the correct definition and write the meaning in Korean. 1 climate CulelnOaGeG DeGe GeO Goh eOahyt 2 temperate climate _ =. a person who buys goods , dearly different or separate |<. to take the place of; to restore 4. money left over after costs are paid = the weather conditions in an area ery unusual 3 distinct 4 extreme 5 naturalhazard {very great in degree; 4. to use carefully to avoid waste; to Preserve 1 aclimate that is not very hot or very cold 6 monsoon | OO0000 7 aie the season when it rains a lot in Southern 8 conserve F ‘asia 7 ). anaturally occurring threat thst has cy O a negative effect on people or the environment 10 profit Sia ka cece 27 * government + local + state + national + operate + responsible for + govern + federal + take care of + be based enforce + in charge of + national security + infrastructure American State and Local Governments || The United States has several types of government. They include local, state, and national governments. Local governments operate in towns, cities, and counties. State governments are responsible for governing their states. And the national, or federal, government is responsible for the entire country. Local governments provide services for the people in their communities. Mostly, they take care of schools, fire departments, and police departments. State governments govern an entire state. They are based in the state capital. For example, Boston, Massachusetts, and Atlanta, Georgia, are the capitals of their states. The state government is responsible for enforcing the state's laws. The national government is based in Washington, D.C. Most importantly, the national government is responsible for keeping all Americans safe. It is in charge of national security. But the government does other things, too. It makes and enforces the country’s laws. And it builds infrastructure such as interstates and highways. the Georgia state capitol State governments Local governments provide are based in ‘The national government is community services. the state capital. in charge of national security. 28 Main Idea and Det: 1 Whats the main idea of the passage? a. Each state has its own capital. b, There are several types of government. c. The federal government takes care of national security. 2 The capital of Georgia is : a. Washington, D.C. b. Boston cc. Atlanta 3 Where do local governments operate? a.Ina state b.Ina city c.Ina country 4 What does enforcing mean? a.electing b. making c.carrying out 5 Answer the questions. a. What is the national government responsible for? b.What are most local governments responsible for? c. Where is the U.S. national government based? 6 Complete the outline. American Governments State + Govern an entire state + Are? in state capitals + Enforce the state's laws + Operate in towns, cities, and counties + Are? for schools fire departments, and police departments + Is responsible for the entire country + Is based in Washington, D.C. +Isin¢____of national security + Makes and 4 laws + Builds infrastructure Werte acs Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » the national » to be in charge of; to government take care of b> to officially controlor [4 » basic facilities, such as run a county, state, for transportation and etc. communication 29 UM MiceM eur oM OM CK ical = Constitution + separate «branch executive + legislative + judicial = carry out + Senate + House of Representatives role = court The Constitution is the highest law of the USA. It divides the government into three separate branches. They are the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Each branch has different duties and responsibilities. The head of the executive branch is the president. The president enforces the country’s laws. The president cannot do this alone. So many people work for him. The FBI, CIA, and Department of Defense are all part of the executive branch. Together, they carry out the nation’s laws. The legislative branch is Congress. Congress is divided into two houses. The upper house is the Senate, and the lower house is the House of Representatives. Congress's role is to make the country’s laws. The judicial branch is the court system. The Supreme Court is the nation’s highest court. But there are many lower courts all throughout the country. These courts determine if people have broken the law or not. @ The American government is divided into three branches. ‘the White House ‘the Capitol Building ‘the Supreme Court bs The executive branch The legislative branch The judicial branch determines enforces laws. makes laws, if laws have been broken. 30 DOE acid 1 What is the passage mainly about? a. The two houses of Congress b, The three branches of government c. The FBI, CIA, and Department of Defense The Supreme Court is part of the _ a. executive branch b. judicial branch c. legislative branch Who is the head of the executive branch? a. The President b. The Senate c. The House of Representatives What does divides mean? a. splits b. chooses c. determines Complete the sentences. a. The highest law in the USA is the _ b.The branch carries out the nation’s laws. c.The system makes up the judicial branch. e, The Three Branches of Government (Ctrxecutive ) C Legislative) I I + Is led by the ® + Enforces the country’s laws + Includes the FBI, CIA, and b Complete the out ¢ Juda 0) + Isthe court system ag 2 + Is Congress + Upper house = Senate ne a the highest court in the nation House of Representatives + Makes the country’s laws + Determines if people have e the law or not Weretia actors Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. 1 » the branch that » the upper house of ie yf enforces the country’s Congress in the US. laws 3 )» the lower house of |» the branch that | determines if laws | have been broken Congress in the US. 31 Laws and Rules ® EVN Eowes dale cel (etsy = + responsibility + guilty + get punished +fine + community service crime + jail + murder + lifetime prison sentence + death penalty Every citizen has many rights and responsibilities. The Constitution explains the rights that all Americans have. For example, Americans have the right to freedom of speech, religion, and the press. They also have many other rights. However, Americans also have many responsibilities. For instance, they have to obey all of the laws in the country. There are many federal laws. There are also state laws and local laws. Unfortunately, people sometimes break the law. When people break the law, they must often go to court. If they are found guilty, they may get punished. There are several different kinds of punishment. For small problems, people might have to pay a fine or do community service. For more serious crimes, they may have to spend time in jail. And, in severe cases, such as murder, some people may get a lifetime prison sentence or the death penalty. freedom of speech freedom of religion Jailterm death penalty POTTY Carey 1 Whatis the main idea of the passage? a. Citizens have both rights and responsibilities. b, People who break the law may go to jail. c. Itis important to obey all federal laws. 2 Aperson who commits may get the death penalty. a. robbery b. murder c.a traffic violation 3 Which right do American citizens have? a. Freedom of government b. Freedom of speech c, Freedom of driving 4 What does responsibilities mean? a. chores b. jobs c. duties 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. People should always obey the law. b. People who break the law go to the press. . The death penalty is a punishment for a small crime. 6 Complete the outline. + Freedom of speech, a and the press Responsibilities + Must obey all of the country’s laws +b the law +go to court + Small problem +paya‘__ or do community service + Big problem --spend time in jail or get the death + Many other rights Werte ae ils Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. 1 »money that youhave [2 z » an illegal activity for Sy to pay asa type of which a person can be 00 punishment punished by laws 3 having committeda [4 » a place where crime someone is sent to be punished for a crime 33 + trial + jury + justice system + grand jury + petit jury + evidence The Jury System i The Constitution gives all Americans the right to a trial by jury. In the United States, jury trials are an important part of the justice system. A jury is made up of regular citizens. It can be formed of anyone, such as businessmen, housewives, doctors, or college students. There are two kinds of juries: a grand jury and a petit jury. + prosecutor Hsteni Grand juries usually have 12 to 23 members. They decide if aii there is enough evidence to have a trial. If there is enough = proceed evidence, they vote to have a trial. If there is not enough et evidence, they vote against having a trial. Then, there will be no trial. Petit juries decide actual criminal cases. They usually have 12 members. The petit jury listens to the prosecutor and defendant during the trial. Each trial has a judge, too. The judge helps the case proceed smoothly. At the end of the trial, the jury decides ona verdict. It decides if the defendant is guilty or not guilty. @ Grand Jury and Petit Jury prosecutor 34 The grand jury decides if there is enough evidence to have a trial. Jury The petit jury gives averdict for actual criminal cases. Da its 1 Whats the passage mainly about? a. Two kinds of juries b. Criminal cases c. Grand juries 2 Apetit jury usually has __members. a2 b.12 ©.23 3 What does a grand jury do? a. It decides criminal cases. b. It listens to the prosecutor and defendant. c. It decides if there is enough evidence for a trial. 4 What does evidence mean? a. paper b. police c. proof 5 Complete the sentences. a.Regular __ make upa jury. b.When there is not enough evidence, there will be no apersonwhoactsas = [4 . » the decision that is a lawyer against the given by the jury at defendant | the end ofa trial » the person who listens toa case and helps the case proceed smoothly 35 36 The United States has local, state, and national Local governments provide services for the people in their State governments an entire state. The national government is responsible for __all Americans safe. The Constitution divides the government into three separate _ The FBI, CIA, and Department of Defense are all part of the branch. role is to make the country’s laws. The branch is the court system. Complete the sentences with the words below. Americans have the to freedom of speech, religion, and the press. When people break the law, they must often go to . For small problems, people might have to pay a fine or do _ For more crimes, they may have to spend time in jail. The __ gives all Americans the right to a trial by jury. Ajury is made up of citizens. Grand juries decide if there isenough to havea trial. Attheendofthe _, the jury decides on a verdict. © Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » the national government By. » the branch that determines if laws have been broken » a group of people who decide actual criminal cases » basic facilities, such as for transportation and communication » an illegal activity for which a person can be punished by laws > the person who listens to a case and helps the case proceed smoothly © Match each word with the correct definition and write the meaning in Korean. 1 executive branch 0 2 beresponsiblefor ss (_) —__O _O 5 theHouse of Representatives (_] 6 fine O —O 3 govern 4 the Senate 7 guilty 8 jail 10 verdict 9 prosecutor 0 O ColeCoGaGeG eG OeO:GeCehatrt =. having committed a crime b. to be in charge of; to take care of <. the lower house of Congress in the U.S. 4. the upper house of Congress in the us = the branch that enforces the country’s laws © to officially control or run a county, state, etc. Se, s a person who acts as a lawyer against the defendant |. money that you have to pay as a type of punishment | the decision that is given by the jury a end of a trial | a place where someone is sent to be punished for a crime Seiad Tien 37 it the © write the correct word for each sentence. <» immigrate co seek nonrenewable in order to savings floods temperate businesses 1 Some people move to another country to _ freedom. People to the US. from all over the world. Wants are things that people desire to have but do not need Most of the world has a climate. __and droughts are other examples of natural hazards. We can divide the Earth's resources into renewable and resources. Most make goods and provide services to make a The United States has state, and national governments. 10 In the United States, jury trials are an important part ofthe Write the meanings of the words in Korean. 1 immigrant 16 distinct 2 ethnic group a 17 extreme 3 greet 18 natural hazard 4 entertainment _ 19 monsoon socializing a 20 replace 6 improve - _ 21 judicial branch 7 look for _ 22. executive branch 8 immigrate 23 legislative branch 9 budget _ 24 Congress 10 opportunity cost 25 freedom of speech 11 needleleaf forest 26 fine 12 drought 27 community service 13 goods 28 evidence 14 crop 29 verdict 15 polar climate 30 infrastructure A budget is a plan that shows income, spending, and 7 live. profit. system. ER 38 " Chapter 2 + flowering plant + conifer + produce + reproduce + cone + pine tree + firtree + spruce tree + evergreen tree + needles + deciduous tree + broad leaf AWorld of Plants ® Kinds of Plants There are many species of plants. However, scientists divide them into two main groups. These are flowering plants and conifers. The main difference between them is how they produce their seeds. A plant's seeds are what let it reproduce. Flowering plants have flowers and produce seeds in flowers. Most plants are flowering plants. They include peas, strawberries, cherries, and roses. Conifers do not have flowers. Instead, they produce their seeds inside of cones. Pine trees, fir trees, and spruce trees are conifers. Many conifers are evergreen trees. Evergreen trees have needles instead of leaves and stay green all year long. While most conifers have needles for leaves, the majority of trees are deciduous trees. Deciduous trees have broad leaves that usually change color in the fall. Also, they drop their leaves in winter. In spring, the leaves grow back again. DEG eat Ast 1 What is the main idea of the passage? a. Deciduous trees drop their leaves in winters. b. There are two major kinds of plants. c. Conifers have seeds in cones. Peas, strawberries, cherries, and roses are a. conifers b. deciduous trees Where are the seeds in flowering plants? a. In their leaves b. In their flowers What does produce mean? a. divide b.drop Complete the sentences. a.Plants’—_let them reproduce. b. Many conifers are evergreen trees that have c. The leaves of deciduous trees change color in the inds of Plants Complete the outline, <.flowering plants c. In their cones c.make (Flowering Plants _) (Conifers) t t (Deciduous Trees) I + Have flowers + Produce seeds in? a + Include ¢ + Include peas, strawberries, cherries, and roses + Have needles Weriinia Aetit les Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. > plants that have 2 flowers and produce seeds in flowers » trees that have 4 needles and stay green all year long + Produce seeds inside of fir trees, and spruce trees + Are often evergreens + Are the majority of trees +Have?____leaves that change color in the fall + Drop leaves in winter » trees that have broad leaves that drop in the winter » to make new living | things; to generate offspring 4 How Do Plants Make Food? All living things need energy to live. Animals eat food to get energy. But plants make their own food. They do this in a + process «photosynthesis process called photosynthesis. + substance + chlorophyll Plants use sunlight in order to make their food. Leaves are the + chloroplast main food-making part of a plant. + absorb scarbondioxide A leaf is green because it has a substance called chlorophyll. + take in Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts, which are where a plant save or makes its food. + oxygen * breathe First, when the sun shines on a leaf, the chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. Then, the chloroplasts use carbon dioxide, water, and the sun’s energy to make sugar. The sugar is food for the plant. This process is photosynthesis. As photosynthesis occurs, the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air. At the same time, the plant gives off oxygen into the air. This is what people breathe. All animals must breathe in oxygen to stay alive. So, thanks to plants, people and animals can live, too. G The Process of Photosynthesis a apn — DUN cre bait bested 1 What is the passage mainly about? a. What chlorophyll does b, What carbon dioxide is c. How photosynthesis occurs 2 Plants'leavesaregreenbecauseof is a. chlorophyll b. chloroplasts c. photosynthesis 3 What does a plant take in from the air? a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide 4 What does substance mean? a. food b. material c.air 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. Plants need oxygen to stay alive. b. Plants can absorb sugar from the ground. c. Chloroplasts are where plants do photosynthesis. 6 Complete the outline. How Plants Make Food Photosynthe: + Have green leaves + Sun shines on leaf + Leaves have ® ener + Chlorophyll © sunlight + Chlorophyll is located in + Chloroplasts use carbon dioxide + water ie +sunlight-9_____+ oxygen omic ects Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. @ » the process plantsuse [2 » the green substance in to make food aleaf 43 + be grouped + trait + classify + backbone + vertebrate invertebrate + warm-blooded + cold-blooded + regulate tor = warm-blooded A World of Animals © Classifications of Animals Animals can be grouped according to their traits. One way to classify animals is by whether or not they have backbones. An animal with a backbone is called a vertebrate. All mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians are vertebrates. An animal without a backbone is called an invertebrate. Invertebrates include insects, flatworms, sponges, shrimp, and lobsters. All vertebrates can be further divided into two classes: warm- blooded animals and cold-blooded animals. Warm-blooded animals can regulate their body temperatures. So, even if it is very cold or very hot outside, their bodies stay the same temperature. Mammals and birds are warm blooded. Cold-blooded animals need the sun to warm their bodies. So their body temperatures can change with the surrounding temperature. These animals often rest in the sun for hours to soak up heat. Reptiles, fish, and amphibians are cold blooded. Date} 1 Whatis the passage mainly about? a. Some species of vertebrates b, The different classifications of animals c. Warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals 2 Aflatworm is a. a warm-blooded animal 3 What can warm-blooded animals do? a. Live without backbones b, Use the sun to heat themselves c. Regulate their body temperatures 4 What does backbones mean? a. brains b. legs 5 Answer the questions. a. Which animals are vertebrates? b. Which animals are invertebrates? c. Which animals are warm blooded? 6 Complete the outline. Vertebrates + Have no >. Invertebrates Wein ae is b. an invertebrate + Have backbones + Alle birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians + Include insects, flatworms, sponges, shrimp, and lobsters c.a vertebrate c. spines animals = mammals and birds + Can regulate their body temperatures 9 animals = reptiles, fish, and amphibians + Needthe® to warm their bodies Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » a particular characteristic or quality > an animal with a backbone 2 > an animal without a backbone kes » to control 45 CMO ee ut Oy TET E IS ORME ae LTR ts + basicneeds + shelter + stay alive +run + respond to + environment + migrate + hibernate All animals have basic needs to live and grow. They all need food, water, air, and shelter. All animals need food and water to stay alive. Food and water give an animal energy. Like fuel runs a machine, all animals need energy to work. As an animal grows, it needs more food and water. All animals need oxygen to breathe. How do animals get oxygen? Animals that live on land take in oxygen through their lungs. But fish and some water animals do not have lungs. Instead, they breathe with gills to take in oxygen from water. All animals need a shelter - a place to live. This shelter keeps them safe from the weather and from other animals. Animals also respond to changes in their environment to survive. When the weather gets colder, some animals migrate to warmer places. Some animals find places to hibernate. Cold- blooded animals lie in the sunlight to warm their bodies. LLU erties Ley 1 What is the main idea of the passage? a. Every animal has some needs in order to live. b. Fish have gills, but land animals have lungs. c. Animals need shelter to be safe from other animals. 2. Animals with lungs live - a. on land b. in the air c. in the water 3 Whatisa shelter? a. Aplace to live b. Airto breathe c. Food to eat 4 What does ruins mean? a. organizes b. operates c. orders 5 Complete the sentences. a. Animals get energy from food and b, Shelter protects animals from the and other animals. c.Animals might to warmer places during cold weather. 6 Complete the outl (Food and Water) (Oxygen) C Shelter) I t L + Give animals energy + Isair to + Isa place tolive + Protects animals from the weather and other d + Land animals breathe with lungs + Fish breathe with © + Need more food and water as they ® bigger Wiretastic ceg Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » to survive 2 » aplace to live 3 _ » to move seasonally to {4 » to sleep all the time 2 | different part of the world, as during the winter certain birds or animals do 47 © complete the sentences with the words below. 48 oy N toa Co Aplant's are what let it reproduce. Flowering plants have flowers and produce seeds in Conifers do not have flowers. Instead, they produce their seeds in Deciduous trees have __ that usually change color in the fall. Plants make their own food in a called photosynthesis. First, when the sun shines onaleaf,the absorbs sunlight. Then, the use carbon dioxide, water, and the sun’s energy to make sugar. As photosynthesis occurs, the plant takesin from the air. Complete the sentences with the words below. One way to classify animals is by whether or not they have All mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians are An animal a backbone is called an invertebrate. All vertebrates can be further _into two classes: warm-blooded animals and cold-blooded animals. All animals have basic to live and grow. Like runs amachine, all animals need energy to work. Ashelter animals safe from the weather and from other animals. Animals also to changes in their environment to survive. © write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » plants that have flowers and produce seeds in flowers » trees that have needles and stay green all yearlong » the green substance ina leaf 3 » the process plants @ use to make food 5 » an animal witha backbone » a place to live ref | eS © Match each word with the correct definition and write the meaning in Korean. Cele G CG eG GeO Oboe 1 deciduous trees © a particular characteristic or quality Oc «to sleep all the time during the winter «trees that have broad leaves that drop in ; a 0 >. to control b, to absorb 3 ke in “ 0 <. to release 4 give off O . to survive =) ©. an animal without a backbone 5 trait 0 7 regulate - O the winter 7) | to make new living things; to generate 8 stayalive O quae ifferent part of the ! |. to move seasonally to different au 0 Z world, as certain birds or animals do 10 hibernate —_ oO 49 = + organism = connect + food chain + dependent upon + decompose + nutrient + producer = consumer + decomposer + break down, What Makes up a Food Chain? | Animals cannot make their own food. They get their food by eating other organisms. Some animals eat plants. Others eat animals. And most animals are connected with one another on the food chain. The food chain shows how all organisms are dependent upon one another for food. For instance, at the bottom of the food chain, a plant uses the sun to make its own food. Then, a rabbit may eat the plant. Next, a fox may eat the rabbit. Later, a wolf may eat the fox. Finally, the wolf dies, and its body decomposes. This provides nutrients for the ground so that more plants may grow. All organisms on the planet are producers, consumers, or decomposers. Producers, like plants, make their own food. Consumers are organisms that eat producers or other consumers. Animals are consumers. And decomposers are organisms that break down, or decompose, other organisms. Together, they all make up the food chain. @ Organisms are connected with one another on the food chain. Green plants are producers. 50 Coeur Animals are consumers. Ceres composers break down dead plants and animals. Cures} 1 Whatis the passage mainly about? a, Producers and consumers b. Decomposers c. The food chain 2A breaks down other organisms. a. consumer b. producer c. decomposer 3 What animal on the food chain may eat a fox? a. Awolf b. A rabbit c.Aplant 4 What does connected with mean? a. friends with b. depended on c. linked with 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. All animals eat plants. b. A producer makes its own food. c. Adecomposer makes food for other animals. 6 Complete the outline. + Shows how organisms @ + Producers = organisms that make food on other organisms for food Conte case ne tatast + Plant rabbit —-fox > wolf body producers or other © ee decomposes — nutrients go into the + Decomposers = organisms that groundtohelp> d down other organisms Wet aes Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » alliving thing » an organism that makes food like green plants > an organism like bacteria that breaks down other organisms » to decay; to break down 51 + herbivore + camivore + omnivore + plant eater + prey animal + meat eater + predator + vegetation overlap + food web © Three Types of Animals herbivore (= plant eater) 52 Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores All animals need to eat to survive. Different consumers eat different kinds of food. There are three types of animals according to the food they eat. They are herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Herbivores are animals that only eat plants. We call these animals plant eaters. There are many kinds of herbivores. They can be small, like rabbits, or they can be big, like cows. Elephants are herbivores as well. These animals are also often called prey animals. Carnivores are meat eaters. They often hunt prey animals and kill other animals. Lions, tigers, and sharks are dangerous carnivores. Carnivores are often called predators. Some animals eat both meat and vegetation. We call these animals omnivores. Wolves and pigs are omnivores. Humans are omnivores as well. Food chains can overlap. They do not follow a single path. Several food chains that overlap form a food web. A food web shows how food chains are connected. ren carnivore omnivore (= meat eater) Main Idea and Deta 1 Whatis the main idea of the passage? a. Carnivores are meat eaters. b. Animals eat different kinds of food. c. Wolves, pigs, and humans are omnivores. 2. Asharkis a. a carnivore b. an omnivore c.a herbivore 3. Whatis another name for many herbivores? a. Prey animals b, Predators 4 What does types mean? a. traits 5 Answer the questions. a. Which animals are plant eaters? b, What do carnivores eat? c. What do omnivores eat? 6 Complete the out! Types of Ani b. characteristics c. Meat eaters cc. kinds als (CC Herbivores _) I (Ccamivores _) I C omnivores) 1 + Are? eaters + Include rabbits, cows, and b + Are often called prey animals Were ia aes sharks + Are called 4 + Are< + Hunt and kill prey animals + Include lions, tigers, and + Eat both meat and vegetation eaters + Include wolves, pigs, and e Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. » an animal that only eats plants; a plant eater » an animal that is hunted by other animals > an animal that eats other animals; a meat eater » an animal that hunts | others for food 53 = * environment living + nonliving + depend on + ecosystem + grassland + be made up of + be filled with + compete + collect + adapt Wire ete ig We live in an environment. An environment is all the living and nonliving things that surround us. Plants and animals depend on one another in an environment. They depend on nonliving things, too, like water, air, and soil. Together, all the living and nonliving things in an area form an ecosystem. The Earth has many different ecosystems. There are desert, forest, grassland, lake, and ocean ecosystems. Different kinds of ecosystems are made up of different kinds of plants and animals. Many trees and animals can be found in a forest. A lake is filled with fish, frogs, and insects. The organisms in these ecosystems compete against each other to survive. Desert plants compete for water. Predators compete for prey. Prey animals such as rabbits and squirrels compete to collect food. Ecosystems are constantly changing. So the plants and animals must adapt to these changes, too. Organisms that adapt will survive. Organisms that do not adapt will not survive. @ Different Kinds of Ecosystems Elena eae eee a Eee) 54 DE ut hd 1 What is the main idea of the passage? a. There are desert, ocean, and forest ecosystems. b. Animals must change to survive. c. The Earth has many different ecosystems. 2 Fish, frogs, and insects might live in a_ __ ecosystem. a. desert blake c. forest 3 What do desert plants compete for? a. Food b. Water . Sunlight 4 What does collect mean? a. hunt b. consume c. gather 5 Answer the questions. a.Whatis an environment? ___ b. What kinds of ecosystems are there? c. What must organisms do when an ecosystem changes? 6 Complete the outline. Environments Ecosystems + Are all the living and @ things in an area + Plants and animals © onone another + There are desert, forest, grassland, lake, and ¢ ecosystems + Different animals and plants live in different ecosystems + Also depend on nonliving things like water, air, and soil itera Mees Write the correct word and the meaning in Korean. + Compete against each other + Must 9_ to survive See > all the living and nonliving things in an area b> torely on > to try to win or gain > toadjust something 55 = + be affected + dinosaur + vicious + fierce + in packs + fearsome + die out + asteroid + become extinct + endangered + perish velociraptor @ Dinosaurs lived on Earth 65 million years ago. Dinosaurs: Extinct but still Popular Ecosystems can change. When a large change occurs, the organisms that live in that ecosystem are affected. Some even have trouble surviving. Do you like dinosaurs? They lived on Earth millions of years ago. Some dinosaurs, like brontosaurus and triceratops, were huge. They were herbivores. But there were many vicious predators, too. Velociraptors were fierce predators that hunted in packs. And Tyrannosaurus rex was the most fearsome dinosaur of all. However, around 65 million years ago, the dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists think that a large asteroid hit the Earth then. It completely changed the planet. The weather on the Earth got colder, and the sun shone less. The planet's ecosystems all changed. Many plants and animals died. The dinosaurs could not adapt, so they became extinct, too. No dinosaurs live on Earth now. Many organisms are becoming extinct even today. If they are not able to respond to changes in their environment, some endangered animals may perish. brontosaurus triceratops Tyrannosaurus rex 56

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