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Binary Operations 12th Math

The document defines a binary operation as a function that takes two elements from a set and maps them to a single element within the same set. It provides examples showing that addition, subtraction, and multiplication are binary operations on the set of real numbers, but division is not as it is undefined for some elements. Division is a binary operation on the set of non-zero real numbers. The document also discusses properties of binary operations such as commutativity, associativity, identity elements, and inverses.

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Apurva Walunj
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49 views

Binary Operations 12th Math

The document defines a binary operation as a function that takes two elements from a set and maps them to a single element within the same set. It provides examples showing that addition, subtraction, and multiplication are binary operations on the set of real numbers, but division is not as it is undefined for some elements. Division is a binary operation on the set of non-zero real numbers. The document also discusses properties of binary operations such as commutativity, associativity, identity elements, and inverses.

Uploaded by

Apurva Walunj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary Operations

A binary operation ∗ on a set A is a function ∗ : A × A → A.


We denote ∗ (a, b) by a ∗ b.
Ex 1 : Show that addition, subtraction and multiplication are binary operations on R, but
division is not a binary operation on R. Further, show that division is a binary operation
on the set R∗ of nonzero real numbers.
Solution : + : R × R →R is given by (a, b) → a + b
– : R × R →R is given by (a, b) → a – b
× : R × R →R is given by (a, b) → ab
Since ‘+’, ‘–’ and ‘×’ are functions, they are binary operations on R.
𝑎
But ÷ : R × R→R, given by (a, b) → , is not a function and hence not a binary operation,
𝑏
𝑎
as for b = 0, is not defined.
𝑏
𝑎
However, ÷ : R∗ × R∗ → R∗, given by (a, b) → is a function and hence a binary operation on R∗.
𝑏
Ex 2 : Show that ∗ : R × R → R given by (a, b) → a + 4𝑏 2 is a binary operation.

Solution Since ∗ carries each pair (a, b) to a unique element a + 4𝑏 2 in R, ∗ is a binary


operation on R.

Ex 3 : Show that subtraction and division are not binary operations on N.

Solution – : N × N→N, given by (a, b) →a – b, is not binary operation, as the image


of (3, 5) under ‘–’ is 3 – 5 = – 2 ∉ N.

Similarly, ÷ : N × N→N, given by (a, b) →a ÷ b


3
is not a binary operation, as the image of (3, 5) under ÷ is 3 ÷ 5 = ∉ N.
5
 A binary operation ∗ on the set X is called commutative, if a ∗ b = b ∗ a, for every a, b ∈ X.

 A binary operation ∗ : A × A → A is said to be associative if (a ∗ b) ∗ c = a ∗ (b ∗ c),


∀ a, b, c, ∈ A.

 Given a binary operation ∗ : A × A → A, an element e ∈ A, if it exists, is called identity for


the operation ∗, if a ∗ e = a = e ∗ a, ∀ a ∈ A.

 Given a binary operation ∗ : A × A → A with the identity element e in A, an element a ∈ A


is said to be invertible with respect to the operation ∗, if there exists an element b in A
such that a ∗ b = e = b ∗ a and b is called the inverse of a and is denoted by 𝑎−1
Question 1.
Ex 1.4

If a > b, a * b = a – b > 0, which belongs to Z+.


But if a < b, a * b = a – b < 0, which does not belong to Z+

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