Notes PHYSICS 9th

Chapter 1 Conceptual Questions

1. How technology is shaped by physics?

Ans. Physics Technology and its Impact on our society:

1. Physics and technology are closely related however they are also different from each other.

2. Physics is concerned with gathering knowledge and organizing it.

3. Technology lets humans use that knowledge for practical purposes.

4. Physics phenomenon is there behind every technology and therefore physics has a key role in the
progress of humankind.

Q2. Physics and biology are considered different branches of science, how physics links with biology?

Ans.i. Physics is the root of every science.

ii.Its major developments are in Chemistry, Biology, Geology, Agriculture,

Environmental science, Astronomy, Engineering and in Medicine.

iii.It also laid the foundation of modern science.

iv.Physics approves our quality of life by providing new instruments for medical applications such as CT
scan, MRI, ultrasonic imaging and laser surgery.

Q3. Why are measurements important?

Ans.Without the ability to measure, it would be difficult for scientists to conduct experiments or form
theories. Without measurement purchase and sale of vegetable to cloth rice sugar etc are impossible.

Q4. Why area is derived quantity?

Ans. A derived quantity Is a quantity that is results of two or more basic, fundamentals quantities. Area
is obtained by the product of length and another length, hence it is derived quantity.

Q5. Name any four derived units and write them as their base unit?

Quantity Unit Symbol

Length meter m
Q6. Mass Kilogram kg Why in physics we need to
write Temperature Kelvin k in scientific notation?
Time second s
Ans. Scientific notation is a system for writing and working with numbers that makes it much easier to
deal with numbers that are very small or very large.

Q7. What is least count? How least count for vernier caliper and Screw gauge are defined?

Ans.Least Count

Minimum measurement that can be made by a measuring device is known as " LEAST COUNT

Least count Of Vernier caliper:

Least count of vernier calipers = minimum measurement on main scale/ total number of divisions on
vernier scale

Least count Of Screw Gauge:

Least count (screw gauge)= minimum measurement on main scale/ total number of divisions on circular
scale.

Q8. How can we find the volume of a small pebble with the help of measuring cylinder?

Ans.i.To find the volume of a small pebble water is poured in measuring cylinder and noted the volume
of water.

ii.Then put the pebble in the cylinder gently.

iii.When the pebble is completely immersed the volume of water is read again.

iv.The volume of the pebble is found by subtracting the first reading from the second.

Chapter 2 Kinematics

Q1: (a) Is it possible that displacement is zero but not the distance? (b) Under what condition
displacement will be equal to distance? (BISE Kohat 2019)

Ans (a) Yes it is possible that the displacement is zero but not the distance.when body is moving along
circular and rectangular path.

(b) The displacement and distance will be equal if the body is moving along a straight path from point A
to B.

Q2: Does a speedometer measure a car's speed or velocity? (BISE Malakand 2019)

Ans. The speedometer measures the speed of the car not velocity.

Explanation: Speed is a scalar quantity: lt has magnitude only but no direction,

The speedometer of car displays only magnitude, it do not tells us about the direction of the car.
Q3: Is it possible for an object to be accelerating and at rest at the same time? Explain with example

Ans. Yes, it is possible for an object to be accelerating and at rest at the same time.

if you through a ball straight up into air the acceleration does not change at any time but velocity equals
to zero for a moment as it changes from upward to downward.

Q4. Can an object have zero acceleration and nonzero velocity at the same time? Give Example.

Ans. Yes. Anytime the velocity is constant, the acceleration is zero.

For example:A car traveling at a constant 90 km/h in a straight line has nonzero velocity and zero
acceleration.

Q5: A person standing on the roof of a building throws a rubber ball down with a velocity of 8.0m/s.
What is the acceleration (magnitude & direction)of the ball?

Ans. The ball will fall down with acceleration due to gravity i.e with

g= 9.8m/sec towards earth that is there will be no change in acceleration so ball will fall down with same
acceleration equal to 9.8 if no air resistance.

Q6.Describe a situation in which the speed of an object is constant while the velocity is not?

Ans.If the speed of an object is constant, the velocity can vary.

For Example A car traveling around a curve at constant speed has a varying velocity, since the direction
of the velocity vector is changing.

Q7. Can an object have a northward velocity and a southward acceleration? Explain.

Ans. Yes, for example, a car that is traveling northward and slowing down has a northward velocity and a
southward acceleration.

Q8. As a freely falling object spceds up, what is happening to its acceleration does it increase,
decrease, or stay the same?

Ans. If air resistance is negligible, the acceleration of a freely falling object stays the same as the object
falls toward the…

Chapter 3 Dynamics

Conceptual Questions

1. Why does dust fly off, when a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick?

Ans. Dust fly off, when a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick as both the dust and carpet are at rest.
Reson is Inertia : When carpet is shaken with stick, the carpet comes into motion while the dust remains
in the state of rest due to inertia. Thus the dust falls down due to pull of gravity or it fly.

Q2: If your hands are wet and no towel is handy,you can remove some of the excess water by shaking
them. Why does this work?

Ans. The water removes from our hands due to inertia.

Explanation:We can remove some water from our wet hands by shaking them lt is due to inertia. When
we shake our hands, the hands come into state of motion, while the drops of water are at rest and try to
remains at rest due to inertia consequently, these drops are removed from our hands.

Q3: Why a balloon filled with air move forward,when its air is released? (BISE Kohat 2019)

Ans.The balloon moves forward due to reaction of the air.

Explanation when air is released from balloon balloon pushes the air in backward direction which is
action while in reaction the air pressure is the balloon in forward direction as a balloon moves forward
according to Newton third law

F on air= -F on balloon

Q4.Why does a hose pipe tend to move, backward when the fireman directs a powerful stream of
water towards fire?
Ans.The water from the house pipe rushes out with great speed in forward direction. Then due to
Newton's 3rd law of motion the house pipe moves in backward direction as a reaction.

Q5. Your car is stuck in wet mud. Some students on their way to class see your predicament and help
out by sitting onthe trunk of your car to increase its traction. Why does this help?

Ans.Your car is stuck in wet mud. Some students on their way to class see your predicament and help
out by sitting on the trunk of your car to increase its traction. It helps because applied load is directly
proportional to frictional force. So, use this way cause car, unstuck.

Q6: How does friction help you walk? Is it kinetic friction or static friction?

Ans.The friction sticks your foot on ground instead of going back by your force that you applied to move
on ground.without friction it is not possible for us to work on ground.

Its static friction:

This is static friction because the contact parts of our shoe are momentarily at rest with the ground.

Q7: The parking brake on a car causes the rear wheels to lock up What would be the likely
consequence of applying the parking brake in a car that is in rapid motion?
Ans .By applying the parking brake(hand brake) to fast moving car, the car will begin to rotate instead of
slowing down.Explanation:While driving fast on a road, if the parking brake [hand brake] is applied, the
rear wheels will be lock and as a result car will start skidding.

Q8: Why is the surface of a conveyor belt made rough?

Ans.The surface of conveyor belt is made rough to increase frictional force which prevents the baggage
from slipping or falling from the belt

Reason and Explanation:When the surface of the conveyor belt is made rough, the force of friction
increases due to large frictional force, the baggage placed on belt remains fixed.

Q9: why does a boatman tie his boat to a pillar before allowing the passengers to step on the river
bank? (BISE Abbottabad 2018, Malakand 2019)

The boatman ties his boat to a pillar to prevent the boat from slipping on water surface.
Explanation:if the boatman do not tie the boat to a pillar the boat will slip on the surface of water and
move away from shore due to Newton third law of motion.

Q10: In uniform circular motion, is the velocity constant? Is the acceleration constant? Explain

Ans. In uniform circular motion velocity changes while the acceleration remains constant.
Explanation:In circular motion the direction of velocity changes continuously from point to point.Thus
the velocity doesnot remain constant but the acceleration (centripetal) is directed always towards the
centre of circular path so acceleration remains constant.

Q11.If you tie a brick to the end ofa rope and whirl the brick around you in a horizontal circle.Describe
the path of the brick after you suddenly let go of the rope?

Ans.The brick will go out of the circle in the direction of tangential velocity due to centrifugal
force.Explanation: if you suddenly let go of the rope the brick will move in direction tanget to circle at
that point.

Q12: Why is the posted speed for a turn lower than the speed limit on most highways?

Ans. The speed limit for a turn is lower than normal speed so that centripetal force may become able to
control the vehicle and prevent them from falling away from the turn.Explanation:The car will skid away
due to insufficient centripetal force due to tyre and road. To avoid such risky situation driver should
keep speed of the car lower while taking turn.

Chapter 4 Turning Effect of Force.

CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

Q1: Can the rectangular component of the vector be greater than the vector itself? Explain

Ans. No, the rectangular component of a vector cannot be greater than the vector itself.
Explanation:Magnitude of vector is the square root of the sum of squares its components this can never
be greater than value of its own component.

Q2: Explain why door handles are not put near the hinges? (BISE Swat 2018, Kohat 2019)

Ans.The door handles are not put near the hinges for rotating the door easily

Explanation:Torque depends upon the force and moment arm of the force if door handles are put near
the hinge then moment arm become zero and door will not open.

03: Can a small force ever exert a greater torque than a larger force? Explain

Ans. Yes, a small force can exert a greater torque than a larger force if we take large moment arm.

Explanation:Torque not only depends on applied force but also on moment arm.This for a smaller force
we can get greater torque by taking large value of moment arm.

Q4: Why it is better to use a long spanner rather than a short one to loosen a rusty nut?

Ans.lt is better to use a long spanner rather than a short one to loosen a rusty nut is because long
spanner posses large moment arm and can cause the turning effect easily.

Explanation:

T = r×F
Torque depends upon moment arm and applied force if long spanner is used moment arm increases
then torque increases.

Q5: The gravitational force acting on a satellite is always directed towards the centre of the
earth.Does this force exert torque on satellite?

Ans No, the gravitational force exerts no torque on satellite.Explanation:The gravitational force acting
on satellite is always directed toward the centre of earth the causing moment arm zero and hence
torque is zero.

Q6: Can we have situabions in which an object is not in equilibrium, even though the net force on it is
zero? Give two examples

Ans. Yes, we can have situations in which an object in not in equilibrium, even though the net force on it
is zero.Example:when steering wheel of a car is rotated with two hands equal and opposite forces then
it will not in state of equilibrium here net force is zero.

Q7: Why do tightrope walkers carry a long, narrow rod?

Ans. A tightrope walkers carry a long narrow rod to increases their rotational inertia, which aids in
maintaining stability while walking over the narrow rope.Explanation:With increase in rotational inertia
the angular acceleration caused by that gravitational torque will be smaller and walker will have more
time to compensate.

Q8: Why do wearing high-heeled shoes sometimes cause lower back pain?

Ans. Wearing high-heeled shoes sometimes cause lower back pain

Explanation:High-heeled shoes push the body in the forward direction so the centre of gravity is push
forward Now to maintain balanced condition, the body tries to oppose the forward push In doing so, his
back muscle become tense and he feels back pain.

Q9.Why is it more difficult to lean backwards? Explain.

Ans. It is difficult to lean backwards

Explanation:it is more difficult to lean backward, because in such a case, the centre of gravity of the
body is disturbed due to which the unstability increases and as a result, it becomes difficult for the body
to remain in state of equilibrium.

Q10: Can a single force applied to a body change both its translational and rotational motion?

Ans. Yes, a single force applied to a body can change its translational and rotational motion, if the force
is applied outside the centre of mass of the body.

Explanation: When footballer kicks the football it start translational motion in forward direction and
football also rotates about its own axis so it covers translation as well as rotational motion.

Q11: Two forces produce the same torque: Does it follow that they have the same magnitude? Explain

Ans. Two forces produce the same torque may or may not have the same magnitude.

Explanation:

For Example

(i) Let F1 = 6N, d1= 2m

T1= F x d, = 6N x 2m t1 = 12Nm

(ii) Now let F2 = 4N, d, = 3m

T2= f2 x d2 = 4N x 3N => t2= 12Nm

Thus we can get same torque for two different forces by adjusting the values of moment arms.

Chapter 5
 CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

QI: If there is an attractive force between all objects why don't we feel ourselves gravitating towards
nearby massive buildings?

Ans. We do not feel ourselves gravitating towards nearby massive buildings because there is extremely
very less gravitational force between building and our body.

Expanation:This gravitational force is very small to detect thats why we can't feel it.

Q2.Does the sun exert a larger force on earth than that exerted on the sun by the earth? Explain

Ans. The sun and earth exert same force on each other

Explanation:The sun and earth exert same force of attraction on each other according to Newton 3rd
law.Both bodies exert same force on each other but opposite in direction.

Q3: What is the importahce of gravitational constant G Why Is it difficult to calculate?

Ans.The gravitational constant is a universal gravitational constant having value equal to 6.673 x 10^-
11.N/ kg.lts value remains the same throughout the universe and is independent of the nature and size
of the bodies and nature of the medium between the bodies. Explanation:The value of g is dificult to
measure because gravity is much weaker then other fundamental forces.Gravity has no established
relation to other fundamental forces.

Q4: If earth somehow expanded to a larger radius, with no change in mass, how would your weight be
affected? How would it be affected if earth instead shrunk?

Ans (a) If earth expands, then our weight will decrease.(b) If the earth shrinks, then our weight will
increase.Explanation: Weight of object is inversely proportional to the radius of the earth. so when
earth expand its radius increase and thus our weight will decrease.when earth shrunk it contract and its
radius will decrease and thus our weight will increase.

05: What would happen to your weight on earth if the mass of the earth doubled, but its radius stayed
the same?

Ans. Our weight on earth wil be doubled if the mass of earth is doubled

Explanation:

We know that, w = mg

g=GM/R²

mg =mGM/R²

W = mGM/R²
 W= mG(2M)/R²

W= 2mGM/R²

W= 2w

above equation shows that weight of the body will become two times if the mass of the earth is
doubled.

Q6: Why lighter and heavier objects fall at the same rate towards the earth?

(BISE D.I Khan, Malakand 2019 Atd 2021)Ans.The lighter and heavier objects falls towards earth at the
same rate because the acceleration due to gravity does not depends upon the mass of falling objects

Explanation:The acceleration is independent of mass and only depend upon mass of earth and G. so if
we ignore air resistance the lighter and heavy object fall down with same rate.

Q7: The value of "g" changes with location on earth,however we take same value of g earth as
9.8m/s2 for ordinary calculations Why?

Ans.We take same value of "g" at various location on earth surface because their is very small variation
in value of "g on various part of the erath.Explanation:

g = GM/R²

g varies slightly from place to place near earth surface. due to such small variation in value of g we
ignore it and take its value as 9.8m/s^2 for convenienve in calculation.

Q9: Why for same height larger and smaller satelites must have same orbital speeds?

Ans.The larger and smaller satellites must have same speed for same height lt is because the orbital
speed of satellite does not depend upon the mass of satellite.

Explanation:

V = √GM/R +h

orbital speed depends upon the radius of earth so radius of orbital is same in this case orbital speed
remains same for both satellite.

Chapter 6
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

Q1: Can a centripetal force ever do work on an object Explain

Ans. No, a centripetal force does not work on an object.

Mathematically

Work = force.displacement

Work= fdcosθ

Work = fdcos9 0∘

W = fd × 0

Work = 0

Q2: What happens to the kinetic ener9y of a bullet when it penetrates into a sand bag?

Ans. The K.E of the bullet becomes zero when penetrate into a sand bag

Explanation: when the bullet hit the sand bag its kinetic energy is used in doing work to penetrate
distance in sand bag before coming to rest. & some of energy converts into heat and sound energy.

Q3: A meteor enters into earth's atmosphere and burns What happens to its K.E?

Ans.When a meteor enters into earths atmosphere and burn, its KE is converted into heat & light
energy.Explanation:When a meteor enters into earth's atmosphere and burns, then its KE is converted
into heat and light energy. some part of its K.E is transferred to the KE of air molecules some part is
converted into sound energy.

Q4. Two bullets are fired at the same time with the same kinetic energy, if one bullet has twice the
mass of the other, which has the greater speed and by what factor? Which will do the most work?

Ans.The bullet with the smaller mass has the greater speed by a factor of (square root of) 2. They can
both do the same work due to same kinetic energies.Explanation:As both bullets have same K.E so
according to Work Energy principal both bullets will do same amount of work.

Q5: Can objects have different amounts of gravitational potential energy if it remains at the same
elevation?

Ans.The object may have same P.E or different P.E depending upon the following conditions:

Explanation: The gravitational P.E is given by,

PE = mgh -------------------------------- (1)

Condition-1:

If the height "h" and mass "m" both are same then according to equation (1),
the object will have same the gravitational P.E.

Condition-2: If height "h" is same, but masses are different, then according

to equation (1), their gravitational P.E will be different.

Q6: Why do roads leading to the top of a mountain wind back and forth?

Ans.For reducing the chances of slipping, the roads are wind back and forth in mountain areas

Explanation:Obviously this is a safety issue we try to reduce the steepness of incline by making it back
and forth instead of straight up to mountain so that vehicle can move easily by consuming less amount
of power.

Q7. Which would have a greater effect on the K.E of an object, doubling the mass or doubling the
velocity?

Ans.Since the kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity, the doubling of the velocity has
greater effect.Explanation:

K.E = 1/2 mv ²

Case 1

when mass is doubled then m= 2m

K.E = 1/2 (2 mv²)

K.E = 2(1/2mv²)

K.E = 2K.E

Case 2

when velocity is doubled then V = 2V

K.E = 1/2 m(2V)²

K.E = 4 (1/2mv²)

K.E = 4K.E

Q8: IF the speed of a particle triples, by what factor does its Kinetic energy increase?

Ans The Kinetic energy of the particle increases by a factor of "9" if its speed is tripled.

Explanation:

We know that,
K-E = 1/2mv²

Now if the speed of a particle is triple, then we replace "v" by "3v" so equation (1) becomes,

K.E=1/2m(3v) ²

K.E = 9(1/2mv ²)

K.E =9K.E

[7:17 am, 13/10/2021] Sardar Saad: Q9: The motor of a crane uses power "P" to lift a steel beam. By
what factor must the motor's power increases to lift the beam twice as high in half the time?

Ans. The power will increase four times to lift the beam twice as high in half the time.

Reason and Explanation:

We know that,

P =W/t

P= mgh/t (1)

work = P.E = mgh

For new height "h" and new time "t" equation (1) can be written as,

P' = mgh'/t' (2)

Put h' = 2h and t = (1/2)t in equation (2) we get

P' = mg(2h)/(1/2)t

P' = 4 mgh/t

P' = 4P

equation (3) shows that the power become 4 times, when we double the height and half the time.

Chapter 7
Q1: If you climbed mountain carrying a mercury barometer, would the level of the mercury column in
the glass tube of the barometer increase or decrease as you climb the mountain ? Explain

Ans.The level of mercury in glass tube increase while climbing on mountain.

Explanation:
The level of mercury in the column depends upon the atmospheric pressure i.e greater the atmospheric
pressure, high will be the level of mercury in the column and vice versa.The atmospheric pressure will
decreases at the top ot mountains, so the level of mercury in glass tube of the barometer will fall down
i.e decreases.

Q2: Walnuts can be broken in the hand by squeezing two together but not one, why?

Ans. Walnut can be broken in the hand by squeezing two together but not one: lt is due to large
pressure in case two walnuts.

Explanation: We know that the pressure in terms of force and contact area is given by,

P =F/A

Pressure is inversely proportional to the contact area greater the contact area smaller will be the
presaure. if we hold a single walnut in our hand then the whole walnut come in contact with our hand
this area increases as a result pressure decreases.

Q3: why is the cutting edge of the knife madevery thin?

Ans. The cutting edge of the knife is made thin for increasing pressure which made the things to be cut
into pieces easily.Expanation: We know that pressure is given by

P = F/A

from above relation pressure is inversely proportional to area greater the area smaller will be pressure
now the cutting edge of is made very thin for getting smaller area and maximum pressure.

Q4: Why water tanks are constructed at the highest level in our houses?

Ans.The water tanks are constructed at the highest level in our houses so that pressure increases and
the water can flow in pipe system easily.Explanation We know that the liquid pressure in terms of
height is given by

p = pgh

equation shows that pressure of water pipe increases with hight.Thus for easy flow of water the water

Q5: Why a small needle sinks in water but huge ships travel easily in water without sinking? (BISE
Abbottabad 2018)

Ans. A small needle sink in water but huge ship travel easily in water without sinking it is because the
buoyant force on both bodies is different.Explanation:In case of small needle the weight of needle is
greater than the weight of water displaced by the needle so according to Archimeds principle the needle
will sink in water.
In case of ship the weight of ship is smaller than the weight of water displaced by ship so according to
Archimedes principle ship will not sink and will float.

Q6: Explain how and why camels have adapted to allow them to walk more easily in desert
conditions?

Ans. Camels can walk in desert easily due to less pressure exerted by the feet of camels on sand.

Explanation:We know that,

P = F/A ______________________ (1)

Equation (1) shows that pressure is inversely proportional to the contact

area, i.e: larger the contact area smaller wil be pressure exerted and vice versa.

camels have feet with comparatively large surface area therefore they exert little pressure.

Q7: You would have probably experienced your ears "popping'" while driving in the mountains Why
ears pop?

Ans. Our ears popping while we driving in the mountains lt is due to less pressure in mountains
areas.Explanation:In plane area, the pressure of air inside the ears and outside remains the same, so we
feel comfortable.Now if we drive a car in mountains, the atmospheric pressure decreases. At this stage
the pressure of air inside the ear is higher than outside pressure so the ear drum is stressed outward
and cause ear popping.

Q8: IF you filled an airtight balloon at the top of mountain, would the balloon expand or contract as
you descend the mountain? Explain

Ans. The balloon will contract if we bring it from top of mountain to the plane area. Explanation:At the
top of mountains, the air pressure is lower as compared to plane area.Now when moves from
mountains towards plane areas, the air pressure increases Thus the outside air pressure becomes higher
due to which the balloon contracts and its volume decreases.

Q9.A rowboat is floating in a swimming pool when the anchor is dropped over the side When the
anchor is dropped, will the water level in the swimming pool increase, decrease, or remain thesame?
Explain.

Ans. When you put the anchor into the water, the level of water of the pool decreases.
Explanation:When the anchor is in the boat, the water is displaced more due to combine weight and
specific shape of the boat. When the anchor is dropped into the water, it sinks and displaces water
whose volume is equal to the volume of the anchor.The water displaced by weight is more than water
displaced by volume so when the anchor is dropped into water the level of water in the pool decreases.

Q10: Which material is more elastic, steel or rubber and why?(BISE Peshawar 2018, Bannu, D:I Khan
2019)
Ans. Steel is more elastic than rubber.

Explanation:Steel is more elastic than rubber because we know that

Elastic modulus = Stress/Strain.

if we remove the applied stress on steel and rubber the steel will gain it's original shape more quickly as
compared to rubber that is why steel is more elastic band rubber.

Q9.A rowboat is floating in a swimming pool when the anchor is dropped over the side When the
anchor is dropped, will the water level in the swimming pool increase, decrease, or remain thesame?
Explain.

Ans. When you put the anchor into the water, the level of water of the pool decreases.

Explanation:When the anchor is in the boat its whole weight is supported and the amount of water
displaced balances that weight.When it is dropped over side it sinks and only displaces its volume so the
water level falls.

Chapter 8
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

Q1: Ordinary electric fan increase the kinetic energy of the air molecules caused by the fan blades
pushing them mean the air temperature increases slightly rather than cool the air? why use it?

Ans.We feel cooling effect by using ordinary electric fan which circulate the air in the room.The
circulating air evaporates the water drops from our body.These drops absorb heat from our body for
vapourization and as a result we feel cool.

Q2: Why small gaps left behind the girders are mounted in walls?

Ans.Small gaps are left behind the girders mounted in walls, to allow for the expansion of the girders
during summers increases.

Explanation:For compensation of such thermal expansion small gaps are left behind the griders
mounted in the wall if no gap is left,then expansion will cause griders to buckle.

Q3: Why you should not put a closed glass jar into a campfire: What could happen if you tossed an
empty glass jar, with the lid on tight, into a fire?

Ans. We should not put a closed glass jar into campfire, because it will explode due to high internal
pressure by heating effect.Explanation: when we put a sealed glass jar into campfire it heats up and the
temperature and pressure increases inside the jar and as a result it explode.

Q4: Explain why it is advisable to add water to an overheated automobile engine only slowly, and only
with the engine running?
Ans. We should add water to an overheated automobile engine slowly to keep the engine in safe and
working condition.Explanation:When the engine of an automobile is overheated, then we should add
water to the engine very slowly. If we add water quickly, then some part of the engine will cool down
suddenly and some part will remain hot which damage the function of radiator or any other part of
engine.So to aviod damaging engine we should add water to the engine slowly.

Q6: Explain why cities like Karachi situated by ocean tend to have less extreme temperatures than
inland cities at the same latitude?

Ans. Coastal areas like Karachi have moderate temperature than inland areas because of the high
specific heat capacity of water of the sea.Explanation: During day time, the land gets heated faster than
sea, the hot air rises so air above sea water starts moving in the form of sea breeze.while in night
reverse process occur and a land breeze start moving toward sea in the form of land breeze.

Q5: Explain why burns caused by steam at 10°C on the skin are often more severe than burns caused
by water at 100°C?(BISE Abbottabad 2018, D.I Khan 2019)

Ans.Steam is more dangerous than water, because the steam posses more thermal energy at 100°C

Explanation:

Steam at 100°C produces more severe burns than boiling water at 100 C, because steam posses latent
heat of vapourization i.e steam contain 536 calories per gram of heat more than water at the same
temperature.

Q7: An iron rim which is fixed around a wooden wheel is heated before its fixture Explain why?

Ans. The iron rim is heated before its fixture, it is because it expands due to heat and can be fixed easily
on the wooden wheel.Explanation:The metallic rim used is slightly smaller in diameter than the
wheels.On heating the rim expands and can easily lie on the wheels.When the rim cools it contract and
pressed tightly on to the wheels.

Q8. Why is ice at 0°Ca better coolant of soft drinks than water at 0°C?

Ans. lce is better coolant of soft drinks at 0 C than water at 0°C

Explanation:Ice is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature because ice can absorb
latent heat as well as the heat energy in order to attain room temperature. Water at 0C can absorb heat
energy only to attain the room temperature.

Q9.Why we feel cool after perspiration?

Ans We feel cool after perspiration [sweat].

Explanation:Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface has a cooling effect due to the latent heat of
evaporation of water.It absorbs the excess heat from our body and evaporates thus we feel cool.
 Chapter 9
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

Q1: Why white clothes are preferred to wear in summer? Explain briefly (BISE Abbottabad, Peshawar
2018, Bannu, Kohat 2019)

Ans.White clothes are preferred to wear in summer because it keeps over the cool by reflecting sun
radiation.Explanation.Dark and light coloured clothes are more suitable for summer because they
reflect maximum sun and absorb minimum sun radiation that is why we feel cool in wearing white
clothes.

Q2: Why is the freezer compartment kept at the top of a refrigerator? Explain briefly.

Ans. The freezer compartment is kept at the top of a refrigerator to cool surrounding air.

Explanation:when freezer is placed on the the top the cold air being denser then the warm air in the
bottom so cold air being dense sink down and the warm air rises up, so when are warm rises up it gets
cold in the freezer. This circulating of cold air casues food items cool.

Q3: A black car standing in the sun warms up more quickly than any other, why?

Ans.A black car standing in the sun warms up more quickly than any other car.

Explanation:A black car, standing in the sun, warms up more quickly than any other because black
surface is a good absorber of heat radiations than any other surfac. It can absorb all the sunlight falling
on it.

Q4: Why a tile floor feels colder to bare feet than carpeted floor?

Ans A tile floor feels colder to bare feet than carpeted floor because tile is a good conductor of heat flow
as compare to carpet.Explanation:Carpet is a bad conductor of heat as compared to tile. When a bare
foot is put on the floor more heat is lost by the foot which is absorbed by the tile floor as a result the
feel cool.while incase of capret almost no exhange of heat occur.

Q5: How woolen sweaters keep us warmer in winter?

Ans. Woolen sweaters keep us warmer in winter because rule is a bad conductor of heat.

Reason and Explanation:Woolen allows very less amount of heat to pass through it lt has air trapped in
between the fibres. Thus it prevents the flow of heat from our body. That is why,woolen sweater keep
us warmer in winter.

Q6: In certain places, birds can fiy for hours out flapping their wings Explain.

Ans. In certain places, birds can fly for hours witkout flapping their wings due to convection
currents.Explanation: In certain places, there are streams of hot air which are arising from the sun such
streams of hot air are known as thermals.Thermnals are convection currents.The birds can fly for hours
on thermals without flapping their wings.Examples: Eagle, hawks and vultures are expert thermal
climbers.

Q7: Good quality thermos bottle is double walled and evacuated between these walls, and the internal
surfaces are like mirrors with a silver coating.How does this configuration combat heat loss from all
three transfer methods and keep the bottle's contents your coffee hot?

Ans. A thermos flask consists of a doubled walled glass vessel silvered on the inner side: The silvered
surface reflects all the radiant heat trying to enter or leave the vessel by radiation The space between
the two walls is highly evacuated to prevent convection. The glass being a poor conductor, minimize the
conduction of heat In this way our coffee will remain hot for a long time in thermos bottle.

Q8: A piece of wood lying in the sun absorbs more heat than a piece of shiny metal. Yet the meta|
feels hotter than the wood when you pick it up?

Ans. The wood has smaller thermal conductivity as compare to metal.

Explanation:The wood may have absorbed, more heat then the metal in the sunshine but on touching
metal feels hotter than wood this is because heat flows from metal to ours skin more quickly due to its
high thermal conductivity.

Q9: some pot handles remain Cool during cooking while others become unpleasantly hot: What
determines which handles remain cool and which become hot?

Ans.Those pot handles becomes unpleasantly hot which have high values of thermal conductivity.They
conduct heat more quickly and become hot immediately.Explanation:For example, when a pot handle
ismade of metal, then it becomes hot quickly while stirring a heated food, but if the handle is made of
bad conductor like wood, the handle does not get hot while stirring the heated food is due to poor
thermal conductivity of the wood. Thus the handles of good conductors remain hot and that of bad
conductors remains cold.

Q10: When sunlight warms the land beside a cool body of water, a breeze begins to blow from the
water towards the land.Explain?

Ans. lt is because of the convection of heat.

Explanation: As the land warms, hot air moves upward which decreases air pressure just above the land
cool air from water surface rushes towards the land, because of pressure difference called sea breeze.
That is why we feel cool breeze near sea.