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Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory (Ce03L)

This document outlines a laboratory exercise on measuring distance by pacing. The objectives are to determine an individual's pace factor and to measure distance by pacing. The procedure involves pacing known distances to calculate the pace factor, then using the pace factor to determine unknown distances. Key steps include pacing 5 trials over a known distance to calculate the mean number of paces and pace factor, then using the pace factor to calculate paced distances for unknown distances measured over 5 trials. Precision of pacing measurements is evaluated by comparing paced and taped distances.

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Danica Lou Bernal
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213 views

Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory (Ce03L)

This document outlines a laboratory exercise on measuring distance by pacing. The objectives are to determine an individual's pace factor and to measure distance by pacing. The procedure involves pacing known distances to calculate the pace factor, then using the pace factor to determine unknown distances. Key steps include pacing 5 trials over a known distance to calculate the mean number of paces and pace factor, then using the pace factor to calculate paced distances for unknown distances measured over 5 trials. Precision of pacing measurements is evaluated by comparing paced and taped distances.

Uploaded by

Danica Lou Bernal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BERNAL, DANICA LOU P.

JANUARY 25, 2020


CEIT-02-401E PROF. MAURO
YASAY

FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING LABORATORY (CE03L)


Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Problem: PACING
Objectives: a.) To determine individual pace factor
b.) To measure distance by pacing
________________________________________________
LAB EXERCISE OUTLINE
A. INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES – Range Poles, Steel Tape, Markers (hubs, paint,
chalk, or crayons)
B. PROCEDURE
1. Determining Pace Factor
a. Select a straight and level course and on both ends establish markers at least 90
meters apart. Designate these end points as A and B.
b. Walk over the course at a natural pace or gait starting with either heel or toe over
point A and count the number of paces to reach point B.
c. For succeeding trials, walk from B to A, then A to B, until 5 trials are completed,
and the number of paces recorded accordingly.
d. Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field data
TRIAL LINE TAPED NUMBER MEAN NO. PACE
DIST (m) OF PACES OF PACES FACTOR
(m/pace)
1 AB 173
2 BA 168
3 AB 90 m 171 171.2 0.53 m/pace
4 BA 171
5 AB 173

2. Measuring Distance by Pacing


a. Define or establish the end points of another level course whose length is to be
determined by pacing. Designate these end points as C and D.
b. For the first trial, walk over the course from C to D at a natural pace and record
the number of paces. Then, walk from D to C and again record the number of
paces.
c. Repeat the above procedure until all five trials are completed.
d. After the field data is recorded, make an actual taping at the course CD to
determine the taped distance.
e. Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field data.

NUMBER PACED TAPED RELATIVE


TRIAL LINE OF MEAN DIST DIST PRECISIO
PACES N
1 CD 120
2 DC 121
1/203.53 <
3 CD 119 120.4 63.812 63.5 m
1/200
4 DC 123
5 CD 119

C. COMPUTATIONS:
1. Computing Pace Factor (PF)
a. Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on course AB
then compute the mean number of paces.
b. Divide the known or taped length of course AB by the mean number of paces for
AB to determine the pace factor.
2. Computing Paced Distance (PD)
a. Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on course CD
then compute the mean number of paces.
b. Multiply the mean number of paces for CD by the pace factor to obtain the paced
distance.
3. Computing Relative Precision (PR)
a. Determine the difference between the taped distance of CD and the paced distance
of CD.
b. Divide the difference by the taped distance of CD and reduce the numerator to
unity to determine the relative precision.

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS:


1. The ends of the assigned courses should be marked with either hubs, marking pins,
or by chalk marks if on pavement.
2. Range Poles are set or held behind the end points to serve as guides or markers
during actual pacing.
3. A steel tape should be used in laying out or in measuring the actual lengths of
courses assigned for pacing.
4. When taping, two measurements should be made for any line and the mean recorded
as its actual length.
5. The length of a single step is termed a pace. It may be measured from heel to heel or
from toe to toe. Also, each two paces or a double step is called a stride.

Fig. 4-1. Length of a pace

6. Pacing consists of counting the numbers of steps in a required distance and is best
done by walking with natural steps.
7. Pacing is used only when approximate results are satisfactory such as for estimating
distances used for sketching and in reconnaissance surveys. Pacing is also used as a
means of checking distances measured by more accurate methods.
8. To keep one on the line while pacing, it is a good practice to fix one’s eyes on a
distant object on the range behind the pole at the farther end of the line being paced.
9. A partial pace at the end of the line should be figured out to the nearest one-fourth
pace.
10. The accepted precision for measuring distance by pacing usually varies from 1/200
to 1/300.
11. Reject measurements that vary from the mean by more than three percent.
12. If the computed relative precision of the set of measurements is greater than one part
in two hundred, the measurements should be repeated.

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