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Lecture Notes in Applied Machine Learning 1

Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to "learn" with data, without being explicitly programmed. It involves building algorithms that can receive input data and use statistical analysis to predict outcomes accurately. The lecture discusses how machine learning is used in many applications such as computer vision, speech recognition, self-driving cars, product recommendations, and analyzing data in finance and business. The key aspects that enable machines to learn are remembering experiences, adapting behaviors, and generalizing knowledge to new situations.

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LEA QUIOYO
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287 views

Lecture Notes in Applied Machine Learning 1

Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to "learn" with data, without being explicitly programmed. It involves building algorithms that can receive input data and use statistical analysis to predict outcomes accurately. The lecture discusses how machine learning is used in many applications such as computer vision, speech recognition, self-driving cars, product recommendations, and analyzing data in finance and business. The key aspects that enable machines to learn are remembering experiences, adapting behaviors, and generalizing knowledge to new situations.

Uploaded by

LEA QUIOYO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Notes in Applied Machine Learning (INFOE 3)

Introduction to Machine Learning


Machine learning is one of the hottest new technologies to emerge into popular
consciousness in the last decade, transforming fields from consumer electronics and healthcare
to retail. This has led to intense curiosity about this field among many students and working
professionals about the field.
Over the past two decades, the field of Machine Learning has become one of the
mainstay of information technology. Many successful machine learning applications have been
developed, such as: machine vision (image processing) in the manufacturing industry for
automation in assembly line, biometric recognition, handwriting recognition, medical diagnosis,
speech recognition, text retrieval, natural language processing, and so on.
Machine learning is one of the hottest new technologies to emerge into popular
consciousness in the last decade, transforming fields from consumer electronics and healthcare
to retail. This has led to intense curiosity about this field among many students and working
professionals about the field.
Machine learning is about extracting knowledge from data. It is a research field at the
intersection of statistics, artificial intelligence, and computer science and is also known as
predictive analytics or statistical learning.
Simply put, machine learning is a set of statistical techniques and algorithms designed to
find and use structure and patterns in data to make interesting predictions or provide cool
insights. Organizations use machine learning for all kinds of applications: whether it’s translating
text from one language to another, detecting obstacles in front of self-driving cars or for
identifying fraudulent credit card transactions.

What is Machine Learning?


The field of Machine Learning seeks to answer the question:
“How can we build computer that automatically improves with experience, and what are the
fundamental laws that govern all learning processes?”
Machine learning is about making computers modify or adapt their actions (whether the task is
making predictions, or controlling a robot) so that these actions get more accurate with
experience, where accuracy is measured by how well the chosen actions reflected the correct
ones.
Human beings have always dreamt of creating machines with human-like traits. In today’s world
of technology, there are machines that have matched several human functions or even outdone
them with extraordinary capacity and abilities. Robots in manufacturing, mining, agriculture,
space, ocean exploration, and health science, are only a few examples.
Machine learning is the science (and art) of programming computers so they can learn from
data.
Machine learning is the field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being
explicitly programmed. – Arthur Samuel, 1959
A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and some
performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measure by P, improves with experience E.
– Tom Mitchell, 1997
Examples:
 Learning to predict whether an email is spam or not
 Clustering Wikipedia entries into different categories.
 Identifying cancer
 Determine which of these people are good friend with each other.
 Will this person like this movie?

Machine Learning is one of the most exciting technologies that one would have ever come
cross. It gives the computer that makes it more similar to humans. The ability to learn.
The key concept that we will need to think about for our machines is learning experience.
Important aspects of “learning from experience” behavior of humans and other animals
embedded in machine learning are remembering, adapting, and generalizing.
 Remembering and Adapting: Recognizing the last time in a similar situation, a certain
action (that resulted in this output) was attempted and had worked; therefore, it should
be tried again or this same action failed in the last attempt in a similar situation, and so
something different should be tried.
 Generalizing: the aspect is regarding recognizing similarity between different situations.
This makes learning useful because we can use our knowledge in situations unseen
earlier.
The computer program is the “machine” in our context. The computer program is designed
emplying learning from the task experience. Equivalently, we say that the machine is trained
using task experience, or machine learns from task experience. The term learning machine,
learning algorithms, learned knowledge, all refer to a computer program design with respects to
the assigned task.
Machine Learning in general is everywhere. Why? Because Data is everywhere!
What is it really? What is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence which evolved from Patter Recognition
and Computational Learning Theory. Arthur Lee Samuel defines Machine Learning as: Field of
study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
Machine Learning: The Expected
1. Speech Recognition (Natural Language Processing in more technical terms):
You talk to Cortana on Windows Devices. But how does it understand what you say?
Along comes the field of Natural Language Processing or NPL. It deals with the study of
interactions between Machines and Human, via Linguistics.

2. Computer Vision: Computer Vision is a subfield of AI which deals with the Machine’s
(probable) interpretation of the Real World. In other words, all Facial Recognition,
Pattern Recognition, Character Recognition Techniques belong to Computer Vision. And
Machine Learning once again, with it wide range of Algorithms, I at the heart of
Computer Vision.

3. Google’s Self Driving Car: Well. You can imagine what drives it actually. More Machine
Learning.
But these were expected applications.
Machine Learning: The Unexpected
1. Amazon’s Product Recommendations: Ever wondered how Amazon always has a
recommendation that just tempts you to enlighten your wallet. Well, that’s a Machine
Learning Algorithms called “Recommender Systems” working in the backdrop. It learns
every user’s personal preferences and makes recommendations according to that.

2. Youtube/Netflix

3. Data Mining / Big Data : Wherever there’s the objective of extracting information from
data, you’ll find Machine Learning lurking nearby.

4. Stock Market / Housing Finance / Real Estate: All of these fields, incorporate a lot of
Machine Learning systems in order to better assess the market, namely “Regression
Techniques”, for things as mediocre as predicting the price of a house, to predicting and
analyzing stock market trends.
Machine Learning actually is everywhere. From Research and Development to improving
business of Small Companies. It is everywhere. And hence it makes up for quite a career
option, as the industry is on the rise and is the boon is not stopping any time soon.

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