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528 views63 pagesBARNITZ, Jacqueline. The Avant-Garde of The 1920s - Cosmopolitan or National Identity - Social, Ideological and Nativist Art - The 19302, 1940s and After
BARNITZ, Jacqueline. The Avant-Garde of the 1920s - Cosmopolitan or National Identity_; Social, Ideological and Nativist Art- The 19302, 1940s and after
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
528 views63 pagesBARNITZ, Jacqueline. The Avant-Garde of The 1920s - Cosmopolitan or National Identity - Social, Ideological and Nativist Art - The 19302, 1940s and After
BARNITZ, Jacqueline. The Avant-Garde of the 1920s - Cosmopolitan or National Identity_; Social, Ideological and Nativist Art- The 19302, 1940s and after
Uploaded by
AlexsanderBrittoCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 63
| TWENTIETH- tenet eke pny ie
ii ye ny
Agvet
ting ng
Sc pg
eg inp ei
SEEN ht eat
Teatan bmn faa
© teppei einen
(Psst
Dey ae
cy ml
pave nen
Et tapi ee ein
severe ee pe —
geen
eg tet
soci
‘asvcndanan ne ‘THE AVANT-GARDE
OF THE 19208
COSMOPOLITAN OR
NATIONAL IDENTITY?
“The wan garde in Latin Arnericn wat
postwar phenomenon hat omered the
(ely ton! Rather Ua » belted version
of entler European shes often been
sumed the Lan American sve gore
fret count of tendencies tt ad,
toa great extent, een incrrpted in
‘Eure bythe Weld Wa Teepe:
sted abi and tra eleets ong
‘th he pone tions ata
Amerie, the rot garde overlppek
chraolegealy ih madris, batt
‘ouneien where le acerred, Kako di-
placed the later Writers owed
Sedum rr and pin (
rograde i opesin a fre fata
la) —she laser, tenn shit embodied he
2etion of snow ten dyer?
Tbk berate od at he rant
rd took ao decdone an dologio
feta aren on aes ational
iy did he a of Mexico and an
settle and comnapaitan one with an
Interstonal onenaion, tn Argntns
nd —toa lotr degre —Bre. Reged
Tet ofthe detonate ted
sant garde inal hese counties erved
sea man fo arian writer bald
‘no etre det tnt orrexponded
to dyamle meen age. To express hs
ew dent, werter looked oars,
td ares, to cabim and cxpresonie
(Gro infrequent to trim) fr th
formal models
‘An avant-garde moveent ia, how
ses did not ora inthe same yey
tvbere. nthe Andean countries (Colom
Ua, Eco Pera and Bais), where
the wg2o, urbane dd wot poy egret,
2 oe in defi sina identi for
inellesl sit i in Meco an epe-
lly Argentina and Bsa th tn
ig trend war aruradone- Ase sent,
{tdi not occur ding the wan rent
ure period of hess but sured
the 19s and 1940838 the edges
{ostett movemen in Cabs ad Chis
favnt gue de co, bute wat
‘snl i eratre, Although ats there
{noduced in thi work some formal
novels devel om portimpresion
fr, thas noel di pot rl the wi
ORIGINAL
86 en daring The Caan wane garde wae
‘lily ached in Hara group
‘intellect who Founded the Grape
Ae hvnce sd sree pride, Rete
Se dranes(1929~193) The jonas
Founders, who ioelaed Jorge Maach
td Alejo Carpenter gaint the
“Tren inerGh ead the moral bens of
the country and too former,
‘hang, advance Three painters
iste wa the journal Vicor Monl,
‘Anton Gattorno, ed Edu Abe,
led he Havana arte san ude,
now there the rng” Tey ll
had tid a Fane at wel at
Acaemy ofan Alejo tn Havana fa
"937, when Manuel nd Gatarno ex
eddie European work idly
the Asoc de Pinos y scalars,
‘he changes soley he Maria de
‘roc posts were raed the
tea works an eden putinpres
‘nian ber han ofthe move rial
‘ements of abi, bl exresed
‘ume rorement in siren oe
{he Revit de one bt ot in pet
ing uct ate?
In Chile liken, here war 9 coun
terpreamoog rit fr the wanparde
post Vien ido. Theater wae
cm in Pars for tan ith the
French writer Pere Reverdy wd ie
cllaboaion on thera Nod Sa
{Sn for hs oto he etn easnine
(cretini),«potiform Bat eens
om creative venient in post?
May Chilean art dared to Past
sted Kaew te work of Ferman Léger,
Jicques ipcite, Loos Marcos sn
Pablo Pato. Bt they 00, adopted
postmpressionom rier han cu a
their mode. tog, LaisVargs Rome
(857-1970 founded in Snag the
(Grape Montparane an wrt? elle
sivemnned forthe our" ome
munity in Fars Other members ofthe
group ere Henriette Fe (iy-1983)
nd Camo Mor (196-197), bh rest
Marrs of Channe? They wore ter
Joie bythe areolar Jean
Eno aod Manuel Ortide Zire,
nd Jor Perot who wee refered 00
ss aser-oanor or rus esto |B
the prs athe hero precusersf the
tae" 938, Chiles
Francophile gorermmen ncruraged
artis ost fn France by ring
them eel atpend, abou be noted
tha whe thee art sin Parke al
icrinthe vor war nt te cbt nd
Fewsavent garde fetr years but
or often was portinpreninnit, ate
Fat expres, a some
contrast, Mexican, Brain and
Angentine ett wel writers did
ited free ovation ito ee
‘ork Miny ofthe ars fom these
thre courier ad treed Europe
tare thn some oftheir colleagues
tlaehere and were iar with the
tore ral frm of eal an tr
faa Meco the vent pre came st
the endof the hgrrian Reston
(Gsto-to), and rar found an deo
legal ice nthe mural monet.
Intertretwas epretetd yee
mor groups: Los Conterpordncar,
Contos) apd th Eeeideniae (995
tatyeach with thee own outa. The
cts Xvi Villar, Casts
[Gorontin and Carls Felice, eho
tended the fet grovp and pubied the
url Le Cnznprinn ook ot
poltan and sesthetie poson The other,
ore segresveEstrientin led by
Manoel Maples Arce and Germ List
Armia, ured manta with x i
‘inl dedi erat eitton ad
swore represented by sever journal,
IncdingHersmer Notnero artis
were alte with these roupe Ring
“iyo, who lie hima col-
leaps, bebered that rt id nse,
sotan eoogia,fnction, war active
‘wth Lor Conterpordne The ural
mers Jan Charlot and Rardin Alva de
Ti Canal both of whom were conamited
toamore ac postion inna,
(fro at eto or
orn, Hera ad ad kor
Exide jourmls aswel for books
of poons by Esriendita pos,
ORIGINAL,
ac 2
api pine
estar oe
Tepito
Fouls
ei ip. tegen
Snot
The Me ste mat ude atthe
cal onc an Amer eee
eect sepport Arad art
of he now poner) ge
Stents enticed pope.
“hearted two meer lenges
thot rodcog now ple mere
seen ee repugspeclecii
{Hi and tnt of ceatngen fee
‘en tiger ora pr
poten sey pe, bend
ovement hich epider ot
‘rrolanrygoeroment fArs
Otregn (gtor9t end hie miner of
‘ucion ot concn relted be
sew adnan pope cect
tse Aedes Cul cd Cha oe
paler nc Ferd Leal Xavier
aero, Roberto Montenegro and Dr
{ae wel wDingo Ree, Ba ling
‘Squad Jo Clemente Ore
ra (85-1957 ad gone eB
rmpein ger on ein om th ove
sof Verso. Ade rom brief return
{ip to Menio in gto, spent years
ofthe Meson Reon sd Word
‘Wer in Spin and Fane, etre to
cubis in pt er moving to ai
‘nea his eat png, Pie
cpu eget
Fo. 2.0), reece concer, cen at
ance fr events origin Mei.
“Th puintngs peels crane
sn mentoy of Mexican revolonary
Soba somber, ele arlge
step, andthe olen Men
Linda ected arer by oof
River fommer teacher ot Nea
elec Aer sg Rivers ured to
Cénnesod Gag dl, he
fr for the src of compos
on othe ond for coer
testent fit, whch River
ould poy own depos
Tndans Aug be abandoned the
fagnentaens ct ei, he tne
to the eb ged oo ndeyng
seracuren 13 afr toring Tay 0
tee ltan Reraeanc nd Byrn
‘yearned Mexico
‘ue of cnc
Squires (1896-194) lates
prt in esos onic
Soting ti retney em cf’
Mant D Dilger ost Genel
Vitoriana Huai iss, Bete 919,
and si, ques traveled wo Erope te
‘litary sachet the Mexkan Coo
te ed dig at ine nt er a
Pars eta vied Spin ed ln
sere dd een etry tn
Renamer mia the war peal
{akon wth Eropesn moderna
rin npr, ncorportig
tee pentose write
‘Asa theorist be st formulated i eas
In rclonin th sige of Pie
Aner 9), cb i te
“histone cud Sgutors “Tee
Apes fora Moder Dteton othe
Nove Generation feria Pers
snd Soptr? dete to Nor
snd’Mesen Gnemogrpiy Ba
trash ditty tr oe to ‘her In" Three Appeal "hedenowmend
‘Spi bli and called not oly
{ers new dymmi art bat sla forthe
incorporation of madern echaigus in
se Heerhorted ati ove oor mr
‘lous dyn age! Lew oe the mo
crnimahin which provokes neapeted
Pt emorions the comempory
spect four dl iethe eo
‘es ander oneretn. He ter
Inoaeporsted fore device sch eB
snd photographic projections into ie
‘mural teenie, Bt itd ofthe
ace patformn ened with lan
Soxurian, Sigur adopted» oct
cone. On the other nd beso ded
‘he scan ye ford by the Soviet
goveramentin the ghorand 2900,
‘Bbvebinginnend to an eigial we of
‘moderne rms and techniques.
‘Orono (1863-49) ad remand in
Mexico dring non othe eobtion
shad joined Dr. Ata Orban 95,
robin aataresta Al pro
eruntone Caria journal Lata
eat Besides strains for tha end
‘ter oural, Orono did draings nd
Printings of protean cy schol
fl whic be fst enhiste x Mexico
{yin 916 The theme af the prstte
Ibe served ara metaphor fo social el
(rez didnot goto Europe ual 193
tte war wll sre of eam and
falan Rens rt fom watching
Rivers nd othe artis pin ee Bt
mural well at fom reprodcios and
ptr cpl of wort by Michelagso
thd lata and Hallet sapere
‘played in the pati of Sn Cros Acad
fen. Been 117 ad 1919, be vated
"he Usted Str icing Ne Yor,
wherebebed acer toward tin
the gules,
Between sts tad sill tree
rts plated tha st ural te
Colegio de San eloso in Mexico Cy,
sn eighteeth century bling kaon
then the Excocla Naonal Prepare
‘ora Rivera pote ral in the
school Anitestro Bor, resco nthe
po, and Siguevosine sieve But
From allowing pital agenda heir
ire maa were gore and refered
Jest Vancncaae's Hellenic unitersalt
Halen nd objective fora publi
‘able ar program ata complement ©
sn centred national education
polo? The goverment tan goal
Ie diate to de abd ed
Inger pope,
Tate buns of plc ogands in
thes ery yer he three ae nial
ced thet uri on teal Chee
San and Hele model nd ted
rteriale—ften and ecto chat
‘were durable nd permanent Rivers
nee at rl L Cn The
ean) (922199370. 2 yin che
Aneto Bolivar with ener (pi
‘nents ined with ot we) applied with
{Hontorch, then heightened with gold
Ieaf he wed econ hs abcquent
spurl). La Cann espe
‘compocon round a ental ected
fren A Be semicircle snd with god
‘are tthe mural apex ctkes the Be
{tne montrin Rave
‘alia in Chie well a Giotto’
ling escoesin Pads Arna Chapel
[in Rives punting, the lo ence
symbolizes Pra Energy Hands ang
‘om the veri pin in es dre:
‘ons 20 ae gute in the contra
ena ado iter side of 3 wingule
dig, tothe sated naked figures of
‘Worm tothe fant Man othe gt
Onde tack wal of he central
sulted recess, the male gure appears to
row tof ely prs ace
{ground surrounded by symbole of the
four evngelise—eln, aan, an eagle,
td ano The gue with ourtretched
sats bsed on Byantine versions of
the cried Christ ad Chat Panto
‘cuter lin ooeThe drained
‘vom (he lad) end he ighe-stine 2
spun (the Enropean, one on ether sie,
lookup atpertonietons of the art
‘Woman loo at Comedy, Song, Mai,
‘Dane andthe tholgil virtues ur
ounted by Window; Ma, a Tragedy,
‘eaton, roti Poetry, Koowledg,
Fle, nd she adil viies
osnted by Sence,
ORIGtHAL
3c Powter
etn Caine on
in
‘coon Reresion
sry te
Neve fees
secrete eng
Foes
ae epee
uci of ing bi algo
figures clas esas, River con
verted them nto Messen type rom the
Aiferent regions ofthe eoanty, partic.
Inn the southern states "The presence
fake ne Man estes bin ened
“Wenn seAdao and Eve. Despite the
ili ference, hers one of
‘the weltionlimplictins of sin and
‘expan rom Para, Rater, Foca
Son dhe contra gar, who race Chet
sredesner but Eesgent My the new
‘tlc man bated on Vrconclo
Pytlagerene mycin sexed
Fitton, E mnt cio 3835
he lo wrote La rae cimi, shouts
trong th ie at would reel rom 3
‘ihe of te other Four ce fod in
{tin Ameria). The llgoris in he
ral pea to have redemptive fue
Hon inthis omic vebirth farce
‘Orca’ early Keen the et
Aor te Preparer’ pa (3923-
‘930 origin the Borel
le Ptmanee Spring with ancng mae
Sure, lateidad [Many sno
lah dl foie con lar fl
Suengling Gril. The ltr was ren
‘ceotof canal presentation ofthe
Uabor of Herele, Bat wth ne excep
Hon of laurad (925-194; 8
23} amide mother nd child per-
versely reeling RenisanceVigin
‘nd Child srroonded by Botng
Sgarea—hich lin exienes,
(Oroan tr replaced thre at eso
‘Suc’ Peperstoria ence and
Sees url or ements (The lene)
(ossrHte. 23) sbutlel The pref the
‘Oxide Darang othe Anse
‘Charon represents a ronmental
‘winged Fama serounded by lle Hke
Ahove onthe ell of he empleo
(Quetta Testhuain ner Mexico
iy, Sigur’ elongated gure of
{Geistopher ited sae wl bos
fo apparent conection to th tai
pel Thee were to be Spi oly freee mur, bnequent onthe
ted erent and inl ple pied
mihepoy ga.
‘Aftcr 1924 all tree punters ured 0
more contemporary abject of pope
td veveluoary orientate, The
‘eee wer sgnld in queer 193
‘rane pablaed in Macha the
organ of Se nel Formed Sys of
“Tecical Workers, Paiters, ol Sel
tors? Bess Sgucos, Rivera, Oreo,
te ive ber rat signed it The ma
Feo denouncad "bourgeois india
‘a and vepdated red ene
Printing and alla of lr itl:
(ral eles bing witorti nd
altel he msnfesatons of mon
‘ent ar fr publ uefa We
prolam eal shee mnietion
Alsi of, or contrary o, popular seat
‘ene is bovrget inate of tans
Uretwoen the li andthe new onde the
reatos of bey mac ene ht
“hr work preveta ear aspect of
‘eolgilproagsnda"™
"When Sucre pinted Bate den
ke [Bev ofthe (924810. 24)
‘ona ide wal ent at anesthe
boaume the Sato the hres punters eo
(ake tnt postion. Eire don
chee arene oil nation
‘serfceTre on igre with er
‘ecamblg Astecmatla ae shown ary:
inge bos cof, preemably of «worker
In igte when news reached Sous of
‘he uation othe Hoel governor
oftucatin Felipe Carrillo Puerto, he
‘RowwArchiontee” to, inwhichan angry and dsppomted In yng, Oren had tri rlgon,
(yukondslcowoiae, Chriehareurned to destroy Nr the ly and soil injstion in the ero
Nose iy. Conrtay of In 936, the Mencan ergy nd lunehed ture ape of his oura leretions na
onan, Gin© stk aguest governmental opprenion, “cyl of frescos on the pati’ second
‘ida Signer? which resulted ia government rack or But Cine decngem err—now Le
Sonaaratcon gh down. Orozn'La hag canbe licr~_balgo-was once eave relrece
to Chris evolonary ser
Arsng his other mural gr ae La
‘rer Th Tench on he ground floor
tn Ledopdda dae Pawel he
esha] and La dae dr (T king
(la onthe third. These pal, He
those Riera punted nthe Arica
School a Ching daring the xe
years are among he ret toler dey
{othe Mesican Revelation and tothe
svotker aL nce (2.6) the
Bodies of wo den gre, one rome
corer the other in the orn a Xan
third one hnelng and silting bis ce,
allsec agains a ed bokgroand, express
deen The gl, langer-thorli ares
‘the tir Moor panes Lo dep dela
Jone roe da
foe
e
fi ode od La laser 6.2.3) v0
Convey doom and hopeless
a ie at ial Oren fret
inurl the worker heme. Unlike
Strain Herrin’ 1g llegricl pin
gE enojo (8 0.3 wich the
Fecasison the ejles nthe worker's Me,
(Orocs panting dry addreses
‘ola sn the anonym of
‘pleted clas, Nonthlen, beneath it
interns und apparent epics en
Incipeneith nthe redemptive poesia
findasoiounes, theme Oroz
Teeth
Tens ee
ig dee aon,
ase Ci Fo
ie oogat
use
ingen
Facet,
Nene Capa
‘aur te
labora in ater mare A the end of
toe, heel Mexico For the United
Becween 192 and 1928, Rivera also
took up the worker nd other theses in
‘murals forthe chapel ofthe Universidad
Autinotss de Chapngo, sn areltarel
‘choo for the Mine of Education
in Meio Cy, However, he presented
thes subject in more hopefl ght
than Oroico had. Rive
lepine nd exotic alr n these 00
Inurl eee scorded wth the ina
‘tc objectives ofthe Calle goverment
1A
OR a seine tte
rt eee
Chapa
ERIDLAR Rape
Chose he
Jn Chapingo, Rivera ook adie of
the chapel inter nrdhvert and south
sot walle (biter perv by youd
Windows}, the sled cling nd he
sched end alle presenta sequence of
‘anes lending fom arog oe rt
fal ostome othe evoltion, These
Sexes wer rfl losed to cnr
spond radon Christan cone
phil program.
Sod Revlon onthe northwest
side walls eae rom rae upeing,
2d death to ultinte ang (eure
{on} nd Rural Eveltion on he
southen ones evolves fom the ner
La ogre ei mires (Bld of th Re
nary Mage eng th ert
the narthex though cena of grin
{don sbundanoe Socal Reoation
ominted by wort irs, ad
pean who ak contol Natural vo
Taxon by voluptua Feral mide ym
boliing germination, production, nd
plata ont laa ange do
nee (1936- 997 PL. +) the et
bay sene ofthe buried bode of
Elon Zep and Oso Monti
‘hei coins, vile beneath te new
‘egttion tht grows ara rel of thie
‘aero, ibn onthe bibl sory
of th barren re tht returned to Me
With Chris merce The noon of
death and rebirth war alo present inthe
re-Mipanicannul cor ple clint
Ingin the harvest, which war expel
relent for cholo agricterIn
these mura, Riera addressed the con
capt of work source of potion
toad vevolon a the cate to thie
procer.
‘The Revolton and Evlaion sees
converge st tbe arched ape with La tana
ioe por afr ntact.
poral Bone iced Buch nh Be
Fore Conalaly Hen) (16.2.8)
‘scene dominated whe top by trom
mental elnng moe ho hoe bd
ding planes ber right hand and pois
pia with er leat dhe enact enter
tthe competion. She surrounded by
nude male and female gues who co
Ueland wise ature ments such es
ete, wind, ed fee This panel rate
looition atthe spe end of the chaps
"phasis the Mes that mane, not
‘upernstaral frees, contrels ears in
the podentiss of the vaulted cing,
sale gues (boul inpned by
Michelangelo gd dhe Stine
‘Chel with agricul tite lead
the ye the aed bays ea and
above the apie en. Sharply foreshor:
fed male pues ccnp the enter of
‘he vals. eons bay to men covers
red sa; a aot ey hold hammer
{nek The mera thine of death
tnd regeneration nee scenes lo
reals Gloto'sArea Chapel But here
thisrogencration aes place though
revolaton, indioumes, andthe ew
ede aignled by the amier ao se
td the fed sar
Rivers marlin the Minty of
Education cover tee loos ro adj
cz pts, he Cour of Laer the
(Court of esti, anda tairvel The
‘main themes portrayed onthe fire oe
tothe et, nde ad flere of
Mess. Mining, farming, a the ring
ef pottery ee represented on the et
‘nll of he Cort of Labor. Ende
ln [Ecring tb ead Sands de ke
tin (Large Mie how exploted
Iniers who rarely monitored os
they etter and lane then Slendo
Femina (924; 6.3.9), Chit ike
Fished be emerges rom te ple
umber af thse panels, Rivers dip Mexican ier to Reminance model
In fabs (Ph nies] ig,
sy he gre xc rer
tnd worker are obouly pared
ter hore of faci and Anes
rps pen) ci pe
hapa but Rivera ated Merien
ator the balo Sore athe back
round ndseape ne aking od
Srmounting dorsal reveal Rr
Sint with Sone Mars
Imuralein the Plo Publ Sen,
inthe Cour Fess, Rivera abo
celal enn esr Th Bt
{cor deveted en Mean lore and
popular eligous and saa athe
thar the orn are lol produce
‘eek iy iy ero ad
‘lol ans. The oleae
{eee ofthe Day ofthe Ded in ban
{traction In in de lo
fl coed [Dy ofthe Ded nh Cy]
Canyons 1.2.19), Riea dented
witb eet by oling it
‘his wl, Lape Mao the crowed
‘On the third oe the Cour of
estas, the is (las) ofthe Ag
ine Revolt ti phe we and
north all River unedited
these scene by pings coninanes
Fetoon shove he containing the vere
they lee Some dec
nthe north wal site healing
laos andthe roc pares between
fichand poor foresee Baoan
Wl Se [Se ang (98
bia. a.13),be inched |. Rocetl,
ery Ford, and & Morgan among he
Aline nent, te enya
{Step—Mgh ofthe Pa owes group
of Menianssespng inthe ects
Kediled ogi forward
comfort
in 99, Riera begaorkon 9
snore comin nein he
Toga ofthe Palco de Corin
Cuerarcs, which e nih before
ging tthe Usted Seino the
‘tein he sil fe Pala
‘acioa in exio Cy ined si
afer hi reter, Bath epee Mesien
story The Cuenca ural hich
sve coniioned by Dsght W Mor
rom the new Sambar sent
Mexico ta pro dplomate relaons
ewe the to countries, cover ree
tells ofthe open second-floor loggaof owas 8
the ncn de Corte Thesbjectisthe Dae tivee Lene
Iisory ofthe rate f Mordlarand te Ibendparionfrse
‘apie, Cueravoca (Ue ume a cOr- aon mnipe
pion of the Nab word cauhnouae, Shetvefetel
Ireaning place ofthe See) from the eh is Nal oe
onquestin sgt tothe agrarian revolt, Coady an.
slender Erion Zaps, who wan om green Capea
Moros, ls thown on the south wal wih Aten cla Se
Fis Uccloike white eed Rivery herd Astana
introduced the en of me and pace ode Chapings Cpe,
thinaral by depicting sence hat had Men Pari
crewed inthe suring counryile ftir,
Inthe exact locaton where the alice Mek iy Rare
sands: In Content de Cor mantra
ung he Placa Car (1985 #1, tar Noo
{aavlndane unde the ster gue of slain ty
the Spanish conquerors ar showm Bl Mesos sng the Cord ples rom the ui of
Siren ples In Corday
‘scmends [he Ne Regen, he
Shera ng omerted to Chitty
tnd branded ie cae
“Phe swell moraln the Neo
Sonn ng by the eri Prende
Eni Portes i (who served berween
so Gales period), Here River evel-
ped he Naor meat 0 unpre
ened len arequnceofsceer
‘Stenig tom th coguetto eb
ting oft pesiecy of Lio
{train 3 The poked aie
Sills onthe capt fe arched
‘aces ied om he ghy scee of
‘he pre Hipante worl beneath eng
-nyand on ti eb the wri oe
‘Bre wt Kal Mare tig beneath
‘ing an The cnr portion
‘ead etl rome ong the
Mercn Rolton,lebpir at he
‘eer withthe at btn Cars
attr snd the Aree ich seperated
fm teil and ter prot
Mexican syle engl ting on
cactur—ath he Aes war bel ins
teint ofthe tio epee
‘ore, Mig Eile wppeae ong
she ieee heroes of Me
ca independence T sri (he
‘erst ae Porfirio Dar and is
‘Bosntre The morc the
top wih Eola Zapata, Pancho Vs,
‘od thr evoitonary gre Rend
eisai om th ceteroe0o
sed righ, colori nd nee
ot per nd on eer si,
‘Seeing Caneel Spe
Cnet dC), epiion
torneo [Une See ee
(stays te forma be 57 ine
{ire nd he of et ua] the
‘ifs and ol ene th ngs
{en La dali pio [The Paran
(1896-1910, a Inpro far
[fvwc tn nde Emp de
Mexia othe le, River under
Inge ofthe cbs primed ito
Peers eanding aly ery co
Flexand tld ssn
“The inp of Rivera’ ty the
Lite Ses sede a comparion
Iecwean the two se wall The organic
sd colo yl af lend de
(eutzalaal [he egand f Qo}
(Gots; 219) the north wal,
showing Quevaleot (fsthered erpent)
{the Toe ele and diy aber in
‘he wopian Kal Marx pane ld de
ayy seman [esc Tendon
rau) (93610. 2.10)Iestend, Rhee
‘owed the igre he ater are
Into eginated and geometric compo:
thion, Hi stan indictment of eta
tan andthe clergy inthis pansl an abo
betta puto i experince in
she United Sates, among which was he,
1935 distrcion oa Rockler Ce
‘ermal becuse heb ncaded»
Porro ann. But ination with
{he indutrilaed weld of the United
Sater rao esdatin the ol, ry
sel pipes at fame and divide the
ene nl Miso de yy de mata
a
Deo ners ene
fae
anu om te
[Peary a
(ye niet
eset Hee Ce Dio Rw gee
rdpeanin(te
ged ef oa
ptconortd
io a er
somaya
‘tt
‘ate 35
Fes EUS,
yh ta
Rafe Tamayo (e6t-19ps),who ins subject was the human gue but inst
laser pte pnd mrs wel re ofthe rprshan-e heron that do
Jocted the arate ad eal cone ated th art af he mora, Tamayo»
| Teotofhemuralat calspoe Rather bamane wore ordinary generic pes not
| than deeribe ical descriptively belay aed on live models Insead, he
trae to enpresit hy frmal meane. sought score in pe-Hspac and Mest
Although he didn oto Europe ut ean lar, which bo tasted into
‘oesrbe was well soainted wih od- cbls-bared compotion in which cole
colon trough his aBiston with Lor orchestrations layed an important part.
(Conzmporince tnd iv sayin His et eweenen of pre-Plpane art
[NewYork from 9364098, Hircenteal cae nn wen Vsonceos ad 18 | restreruccsirune ane oF caren ausnicn
yee Ma
pint him to bead the Department
tf Ehographic Drawing athe National
Moreum of Archeology in Meco iy.
Later he ko eoletedpre-Colambisn
and popular at, Hower, twas ot
Unt he gga, whan erst neo
legely bse rt declined broad, dat
“Tamaye’s reputation cae 0 equ at
thi cllnguein Mec,
In Brand Argon whee the jr
Sty farts te mor intersted
intron new Forms fat than
pousing eclogite lo retained
tore viable te with Europe than did
‘heir Mexican counterparts in heist
1m Bra, modeznem wt ntrodaced in
atin 191 wth an ehtaton in So
Paulo of work the Lthanian-born
Pinter Las Sepals eident of Gor
foany athe time and afore member
‘of Der Ble Rete (The Be Rider.
group of German expresonst pines
who eahbied together bewesn 112
ted ope) Sells fo Plo edition
teceved moderate attention, but when
‘he young Brann nia Mae (96
1964) showed expresionis platings
Sio Palo jst four years Inter in 197,
they cove conidrable onion). Sb
eat exten So Pain fa
[Atha ine er work was looked pon
Indolgntly a at of promising art
student, Bu th righty colored expe
‘oni painting she howed in he #917
‘alin proved tbe to dering for
tome vewers Te Sto Plo erie
Montsiro Labo stacked them in the
pros inan article ened "Preneioo
‘stiicoo" (Paranoia or deception),
pallid inthe infantil dilly newps
Pot Ofdo de So Pla i which he
cenpeed the appretdtrtons in her
Paltings to hve of thine.” ote
tal bagers withdrew request, and
afi, cacoeraged bythe virulence
oth rie, turned to amore tah
‘kona form plign the yeaa a
Fle
Daring er early years, Male had
ec contac wth Europenn modern
In, She hd lived in Geta rom 19st
to 19¢4 sdyngin Belin with Lowi
Crit, An exon of reach imps
sia wd petinpeeionte tt she
‘or in South Germany impelled esto
‘se bright colors, During the war years
between spisand 116 she ned inthe
United Stats In NewYork Ci, se met
the war eles Joan Gri, Jean Ceo, sd
Mate! Duca and attended the Art.
Sadents League uc Gding the League
too canserative fr ber she lt for
Monhegan sine) to work with Homer
Bows former made of Robert en's
Bom encouraged er tobe daring sd
ie highekeyed al™
"Te paligs Mali showed in he
‘p17 exhibition —Fochd, Monbegen
and Roc, Mego Hr, Oboe
‘anv [Thell Man, Nuch Cai,
Node O opt The open Mo. A
‘taken rs [The Ron SeadetO
Bom deseo (The Man of Seren Cle
208A [Theil (8. 22) ! ere done during her years othe Usted
Stes. She hd deed tue par colon
inlig he rine, and pated
ac and green Adon on ber je!
Sees Iftheme wos oendel Monte
Labai, dey a appealed tothe stan
‘Sra de Andro (rele wo exch
‘er who were tobe oor ges in
‘he breton ant grde moves.
Mario, masiclgitand an art ercat
welt poe, beers he mon spor
ire fiend and aly, wrote fori about
er wor, and beg cllecting Mra
tad (ot. 2.9). ighly
‘lord pang Mali: commer
‘ates hr scion Malet a ince
teen recopniedars pincer of Baan
inthe 1g, Sk aso was the major
center of nt garde ace. The Br
tin ature wa ofcily nag
‘ntl atthe Manic Teste in Fer
ary 1931 wth the Semana de Ate
Madero (Moder Art Wee) This et,
ce orpniid by oval de Andrade,
Mari de Andree, the io de Joeiro
ater Emiliano Colo, ans
Saoter writers ood of werk
Tong series of dance pformance, mic
Serta, potry reading and an are
cexhbnon, The wek wa step
‘aoned wo coin wit Cra nd
the enteola elebrtone of Bras
declarton of independence ror Ports
fg 49a, by opiate, smb
fed he Semana independence om
st artic correo The poetry
Feadings and dance peroneal
the sandlou ara of European
eda and crt performance
Albough the art exbon was tome
iat ne daring an he pty readings
td performanes, nook repre
Seated roel dept from
te symbols and postmprein a
Beside Anita Males, ther prtiipnts
Fela the pitrs Zin A, Job
Gras, Antonio Gomi, Cale,
‘nd Vicente do Rég Monte om the
northeastern ly of Rese), andthe So
Pal selpor Vitor Brecheret The
calibion pred ete ere
tf work th gel rm aroun
Shige puter enrni
cub dered wt Altough none of
thsarchad spec Orelan samp,
sdthe wy ormata
then wits Se coment war id
ptr Trl do Amar (81996)
cen by bs et ame, who
came te fly of cof planion
wer ad it sted at So Palo
sr iprentoni pier Pero
[unr adn Pas a he Jbsn
‘eademy in ge. Shedd ot ke wp
‘clam n Baroy tthe tine but was suave 3.3
Frstindoctrintd ito moderna i Eo netsh
Palo Shortly aarkerrearn trem (etal ipl
Exropein igtt—tooltctopertiipate examen fone?
inthe Seam deArte Moderms—sie tga de
met Ann Mls, Oneal de Andrade, ArcContangee dt
Dario deAndende sed thewriter/ "tenn Sto.
inter Ment del Pia in So Pal — fa cory Mane
{The gropbepm soclnngin one detrei,
nother dineandinhehome ofthe &xtnersuedeSto
‘eal nd word traveler Dona Oliv Pain Meng
‘a otnton cs
isnt ans
Roden
“eens
‘iinet,
Fhe o
‘Gus de Feta, who ned works
by ua Gr, Ferman Lge Robert
‘eda Cestnn Be and
ce Tra Gt doped ein
Ser sho setred to Pato dy with
Alor Glee And bot, dey
‘wh erin Lge She nd Onrld
1 begins reson ht ted
Shrug the ghey were marred
From #2610193) and le to shor
ved br prod clabraon
to Par, Trla nd Osa formed
Sensi with Frond gers wall
as with he Se French poe Be
(Cenrare Tara shoght feb 24
‘ean rater hn ated in elf and
lary sre ethno
shoul go ough Lote nd Leer
read the ost able impact on er
Paling fi and 934 fe tyr she
ate ro woh eptsed her
ouble deny: Mane ug Ral Cot)
(61.24), ssellporent ara sophtinted
Paris utbnte, ad Cape Le Con
fy Gro ike fou hea ger
ie abi sone representing» goer
figre of woman crying a pthork io
landscape with howe and tet, The
Franch le of he ft betray Trai
sel identieaton with Pai She wears
fn legantred ont designed by the fi
{ceable Paanewrer Pl Pet.
The second pining wich sno lt
port na expression her atch
tent to errr Bian oot gi
fn the are. The paining' le wat
taken fom poem by Oswald de
Andrade, "Alien dda crea, a
svhich be affecontly eles wo hers
"Cairn dread Poree™
‘major source of nepition for
“ern in syigand 985 ws Ble
CCendars, who ied Br firth fist
time in eg2qand was known for poes
‘houtrarnderoningr and the send of
ye Daring thors yas Tra
punted urban theme serine ty
ofS Paul, abou cede, lo
atone ad rong Al fhe somes
ada quay of sted sre In 334,
‘he pated ECB. (oda de ere Go
ale Bra) on 1.9), the name ofthe
new rl ine inking Ro to So Poin
endear’ honor on the oesin
Tecate he pein So Palo ta ear
‘With Csnders ecoursgement,
“Teele began ping renal
themes tht inluded igre of multe
sau lack Ie r24, together with
(Ooval, lse Candas, nd Dov
Oliva de Peteado she ited Rio dr
tng Carta wl athe state of Mins
(Gera, brown for i heen centary
pilgrimage churches. The tumeroue
Seeing ah mage on thi trip were he
bas fray her plating fhe
Following year. Her airs ao nertied
seo vem th orp tn Mine
eras she a oar the aor ved
ss achild? which had been tll were
= py ancora cite oi tad
‘a, the pret le, le rae bight
dll a sigig gre Thal
ecme her wed what came
Ueknown at her Pau Bra pare of 24.
That yer se lsrsed Ovals
‘hated exported o oop a
sil ness which eotry
Cook tre ru, 29). 4 she book
tmaniet, Ova rered to rein
pty opty fo export” (ik the
Eraswood i reveal of the mre
Common non tn Bl iported
‘Slome The ks cover ora the
Jellow, green and be Brian Og, bt
Ue book ae, hw de ube or
{Se fags ott lage adn pap
oat worst ploy
imported orn Europe the nines
‘Shy, he ou lose on the
Shenae hoe Acording to
(Onvas ow al mane, Balane
njoyed dal etoge, the unten
{fetCol le dfeded nate ston
ty othe nn reo he ae
‘ce af scx nen and eee
"pinche ng of nowedge
‘tous Bra weil nr, pct
(que ender hese Trl
‘transfor os Bes are spl,
childlike nator
tn gna a ba pining
sna of Brana fll clure, depleting
fas fea ces, for hart
towns) Atte sme tng she sxeped
‘ra’ cultura lions th Pari
In Gaol en Hat [arte
es (ogg; 9 8am Fel
“Tower sta the tl oa opel
landsipe pops by Ao. Drains
“he ile Tower, hich wiped by
Delensy pining ofthe Eile in
‘To’ cllecton athe sme,” eel
ents the primi of de to
‘words—the Prin andthe Bran—
‘onde pose trough ean ave
nd wireless tlegrpiy aor do fle
[Shanon Hl (1345.29), how
‘re he Food on Basra ie by
“mpbashg thelr charm fe
Iii hin of he psa conditions
itn in 993 pling,
mero The Hl) (7.310), Caio
Porn war lla very dierent
serio. The gee Ta’ pln
ae not prtialaied ba gneric and.
integral the landarpe Her nterpet
tion tht of the te abit ie Ginn
and Liga
‘er the mi 930 Trl stopped
ning than cence ap fo
‘ted on loa cre: Many ofthe new
pains pec om (928101936,
(tot ve
arson
(cout tee
ee
api cry
‘Rotel ed
RAGIN
omit 8g | rreern-cenruneanr oF uci anion
“oe doer,
[eon eto
sleo mane nonll quaty bordering
‘on fntay They nla tangy i
torte gues, torpbnus mal te
segetation wih wnesphied sae di
‘epances tht scent fo overtake the
‘Rrrounding nde, These ditortons
“hala war aware of reli Bones
les such arin the work of oan Mis. By
‘8Gabe and Oral hd met he arr
tls in Pars, inlding the poet Ben
Jamin Pew ited Bran 2939
“woofers painting of thi pe
io bapn (8) and dpe
ovinepplay (199), dpi elongated
gure it ge ft nd ny hate
‘Although thee Sguerar ether
specie wor music, the tide andthe
furs contexcindee tht they a
Indien anary «98 Taras ad gen
‘Aap (9 11) ean ened pasting
to Ord for hs birch. The ain ue
Joct ira long robbery gue sting nett
{acts sprouting what Tras described se
ton th the poet Ral opp randomly
‘elected the tie apn, messing
tt from Tap Guar ditonsy The
“Tpi-Guarnt were tbe olin who
were sido pace cannibal. or
(nwa cambaio, which impo the
sSeorpion ofthe cred enemy” in oder
to appropri abst quits, war
‘euphor forthe Brellne” abi to
‘gest European clare and wanton it
Int oenethng rig Te farther develop thee ides,
(seal th the colsboraon of te
posts Adoni de Aleotara Machida and
Rail Bop, founded an Avtropepgl
(lab sd the Mates de npg, a
emer oural ht elon ewe
sft enone
a pasion,
nore het st
Pea Rete
ere tre
1933). Nevertheless
role ia ling to dfine a Brn en
try wat tsching, eval forma
Tied or comraced—hiideny Sa
an Aniropoptgie Manes pub
Ted nthe journal’ ese sue He
ORIGINAL
86 sport on
nor pltenties
tantra acy ently
fed yin in chr
‘Snitraed momngi"Hednomced
‘ened ocean
‘hiatons beagitin orc el
Sipe te lreger cbs)
tale peep my”
Staley exited in rl beer
secede ns
degen in rn coor po
tweed min, at
ite een bce te cred
"le Den ead a else
Igoe
“Fetoton rain acre
born ft ag wee meno
detest ped ar
flonase fr wens Maio
Sefer novel htrian soxt
Samer rag ane
TE ibechntea tel
‘Soporte ped on
Gh grunge
yous mde Breland ety
Teed min tl let and
Tog: Repl of wher hal
‘Seep te pcin sch peso
terme when he pale i wel a
teres the Mea ot down the
“Aeikropopbgite Maen”
‘Other pings ofthis period nude
Aa 1 ao (1922) ae Camps
Congest or Figur [igure Snel
oye), both af hich consey diane tod
olan Inte ter sll ase sages
gure with eal sting sade
tna desolate ndsape quite diet
from th buyany exo scenes of
Taras caer ens a gpa’
mariage to Onval ae to cod eed
‘th tee colborton. None,
ra team they lefts legacy whore impact
fon Brian artand erature cone
tobe fle
_Alkoogh Malt bre the cos of
sorely by zodosng modern
‘ral, ewe Ta wh tandated mad
nic it Bran in Ean
{4 Cavan and Laser Seal oth med
‘ popular rain sabjotin che mi.
‘orale Tia id done oo Di Cara:
anti enter work chowed the impact of
Pres’ ces pate fhe aly 58,
sd Seals of German expres
Di Catleat (897-1976) turned
‘wight colored sone of Bran yes,
any of whom are women of arying
‘intone. Samba (1938). 313)
{group of dante il people, we
‘thom we serunaked women, moro
the im athe dance. Lass Sell
(Gda:aiggy whoa retired Beil
From Germany in 33 a become |
Beslan cine the allowing ye,
adipted is enboexpreson eye
Brian tere ter the mists
In Banal Bonne Paton, o
Known The Lat Slo (1937 P15
held ofa ae appears spines
‘bik excel, geen, and yellow
Irn eves Atbogh he ook ch
‘veysanguhand confinement, Segal a
rade reference to Bran nom by
{ng the clos ofthe Brslln gin
‘he panting (ike Onell au Bai!
cover). Ths the panting an be ne
preted sbiguosiy a both symbol of
Bras deny and an indictment of
sonia,
eee er 4 ‘ona init morestrngent ty Vicente do Régo Montero sbout he vuare 03
sus wat tv strong fore inthe ile naive ores ofnrthearers Bra. ano oskan,
fan ren de before the mi-ignn but Here the at, whose puntings ds Sant shen cme
iter 2ick warevidentin bothers erongeui bur, ared the eau grid ypproigon
ture andar Two groups coboded the toa patern of primitive sytol akan locale fan bog,
ational potion. One ofthe etary Gon Armonia pottery dein? Rae nia aa
(pata mefce in SE Pela, he “The Brain want pardecime oan, Janae, fon Cia
SErdeamarclo (Greenellow)somamed pd wih he clacdon of Geto ergasin Rds)
fortwoaf the fags colors, ts founded 1330. The crash of cgg andthe depres: Cmalan
In g35 by conserve Ss Pu poets
in opposition to what hey prceed st
Ac costopotiais of pots ike
‘Oswald de Andtade and Maio de
‘Andrade. The Verdeuarle pots
shovght of tenelsen athe atone
aner tothe other stant gare group
Sborly ter the Formation of
Verdennarlo regional form of
‘stern cio Recife, The anthropologist
Gilberto Freyte ad group of ous
whole objected to he neon
(tthe So Pal posts orgie ne
feral congress, ina eee gen a
"386, Frye proposed a form fm
io thancrporte oral aon
In pct eter thn gone, wat:
isin os mderit for freon
ie an be sen onthe cover design of
Lida ia Tle da der do
Amana (Lege, ble, nd lismans
fli the Amezon; 133) a book
[tn er
Joitile 1 | peewveertccruruay nar oF sani anontcn
sion hat lle inthe United Stats
‘Mccted Breas economy a well a tat
‘fothercounres. The Pala cafes
‘edt war severly wenn nd So
Paulo ot tend altar eeter to
srl ety Rio de Jeni. The So Paulo
ene grd artis wont underground,
Same of th founded pate be
ln ny, the Sotded Pro Arte Moderns
[sro] and she Cte dos artists
Moderna CAN), bare they conned
tomect, exhibit snd bold ecaee snd
Coral ail By teeny 29325, new"
_eseraion of rity ame opt
ence Ut inclded he Riosbted pt
‘Abert Da Vig Guiguard and
Caddo Prin, tat ster of them
partite ia he labs acces,
In Argeming, the avg was
Ihenchd in 134 with he fondngn
Bueooe irr of the esmopolon our
Matin Fares wih controversial
‘xiii of eabit pnts by Emo
Petr (892970) te the ame
year Nether Petarat nor ther
San rd collenguer—ibe painter Kal
Solr andthe salto Pablo Carl
Manes—would have fod 97 support.
fordhir workin an arial contr
‘ie country ike Argentina without the
baekg ofthe Mr Fie writers, ho
Included Olvero Groado, Bardo
Seer Lanza, Leopoldo Mare,
Ricardo Gira, ate, Jorge Luis
orgs
Tr imanifete (Manifesto de area
Fre) fermulte by Giro ane pb
lished in re Fr rete, che
rifles decal that"we arin the
presence of NEW SERSILITY ado
NEW COMPREHENSION" and "new
mea and ferme fexretion (apo
‘rgd Without enouning i a,
‘ate Far coated the baronet
[nd] the calender ing nt nto
the trst eo experience witht erst
nd wi te mene of dy
Patra, Xo Sl and Cartel Manet
proved the vil counterpart of the
Terry se garde, Ptr and sl
Solar rho had earned epeer fo
Ezrope in July 1924 shor afer the
jourmal’s Founding, oned the writers
Uheogh the nervy of te end
‘he arthtet ed Mara Fer srt rise
[Alberto Prebic,Prebich wos nous
Iorhis support of sant gude ata
‘orregubty bashing th ad snl
[Ns Slons io Buenos Ares,
‘Aan exibtlon of the work of Petra
lnaagrated 2 the Witz Calley
(Octber 9g cened sucha seal hat
Iie wor hd tobe placed ander gl to
protect rom vain wl wall to
the on Bt when Xa Sle (Alejandro
(sar Agi Schule Solar 887-1965)
bite wrange waco te:
folorsin the Pins Sl Li (Fi Fee
Salen fhe ame galery shorty afer
Petr his work invited more curio
than dook moh er, when
Castell staes (191-196) showed
‘as aclpiare the Wit, be, 0,
et with consider scorn But wl
‘ora ho ew how olan
‘opis cn ehe ering and ecm
letnched st is work, Cartel Manes,
lessened, cote to remain
Pa where he axed ad eld te
postlArgeotne clara tach un
the late agen
‘Curse Manes an Petru bath
fiom the town of La Fat some sey
lometere southeast of Buenos ies,
Sestrecin Floren, where they ad
both gone respected invita 983
Insure fhe gen at ofthe past. They
also indertnly tumbled o he ie
Ins Bt only Petru expertentd
th fr the tie, Hi car expe
ence in aly wa uals Hed
eleconsidenble"ipiial arin
seeing th Freon Frit shiiton
‘the Genel Gallery ard Bookshop. A
feo dys ater, he was equally stunned by
bebe lene” daplayed bythe
pobieathe Pee Pturt Posty Read
Ingin de Teatro Verde In Pores Use
‘are tthe ie tht thi bev ws
asso
|
I aracterit of elif een be
hemo the denfeing rae at
prevented hr roms eating the ost
onebces, there he met he ear,
Inclting te group's under Flippe
“emmn Matiet and son opted
ements ofboth fartm and eobim 2
Fit own psicting He earned sour
chi a rece throug journal ed
book raion and through ha aso
sho withthe pters Carla Cars
‘Ardengo Sit, both of wom fad been
Fre”
But Por color ha ie othe
copaquenes of he cbt Rater i
‘fare ome ofthe waalucenc of Gino
Srisinfrand Cinco Bll'colr, Some Argentine dally La Nacinat rua n.te
epoch ters duane Conpene: reminder of ishome cunt (We the Ea eee.
traonverieso 91210 este which cuss, eincorporated bts of news. tle Ca ae
Poor sin Ball's Rowne adios pring gsi tile, and header into Catnf Cpl)
tous efter derived sheen ith Collage) inthe second, be emphaoed—oneommntys6m-/
olight—be sought tap end wily verti by titng the ret to bcrenee ant te
{in pele ache rays te Sale)” visblity ond fasng the eablestones_
