Functions and Relations

Relation
- is a set of ordered pairs.
-mapping or pairing from the domain to the
range is one way to show correspondence in
a relation
Function Function Function

Ex. A = {(-1, 3), (2, 0), (-3, 2)}

Domainis the set of independent variables
Rangeis the set of dependent variables

Function Vertical line test

-is a relation in which each of the element of - is a test that determines whether a
the domain is paired with exactly one relation is a function or not by drawing
element of the range. a vertical line through the graph of its
ordered pairs.
- is used to describe how one variable
depends to another.
- it can have a same value of domain.
-it may be represented numerically,
algebraically or graphically.

Function notation
y=f (x )

Mapping or pairing
Operations on Functions Inverse Function
-The inverse is usually shown by putting a little "-1"
Sum
after the function name, like this:
y= ( f + g ) x
f −1 ( x)
y=f ( x )+ g ( x)
Difference
Find the inverse function of f(x)=3x+2.
y= ( f −g ) x
f (x)=3x+2
y=f ( x )−g(x)
y = 3x + 2 Let f(x) =y
Product
y - 2 = 3x Transpose the constant to the left side
y= ( fg )( x )
y−2 3 x
y=f ( x ) g( x ) = Divide both sides by 3
3 3
Quotient

y= ( gf )(x) −1
So if f ( y ) =
y −2
3
f ( x) Since the choice of the variable is arbitrary, we can
y=
g(x ) write this as:
x−2
f −1 ( x )=
3
Composite Functions
( f ∙ g ) ( x ) orf ¿]
( g ∙ f ) ( x ) ∨g [f ( x ) ]
Rational Functions
- is defined as the quotient of polynomials in which
the denominator has a degree of at least 1.
Evaluation of Functions f ( x )=
P ( x)
, where Q ≠ 0
To evaluate the output for “f(x)”you just need to Q( x )
substitute the given value to “(x)”.
Example.
Example. ( x 2−3 x−2)
f ( x )=
Given f ( x )=6−x 2. Find f ( 1 ) and f (−2 ) (x 2−4 )
Solution The domain of this function includes all values of x,
1. f ( 1 ) =6−12 except where  x 2−4=0
f ( 1 ) =6−1
f ( 1 ) =5 We can factor the denominator to find the
singularities of the function: x 2−4 =(x-2) (x+2)
2. f (−2 )=6−¿
f (−2 )=6−4 Setting each linear factor equal to zero, we have
f (−2 )=2 x−2=0∧x +2=0. .

Solving each of these yields solutionsx=2∧¿

x=−2 ; thus, the domain includes all x not equal to 2
or -2.