Statistics

and
Probability
 Statistics and
Probability
Identifying the Different
Random Sampling Techniques
Statistics and Probability
Identifying the Different Random Sampling Techniques
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this
module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Maria Cristina O. Rosas and Coren R. Manalo

Editors: Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Rey Mark R. Queaño and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Job S. Zape Jr., Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Catherine P. Talavera,
Gerlie M. Ilagan, Buddy Chester M. Repia, Herbert D. Perez, Lorena S. Walangsumbat, Jee-Ann O. Briones
Celestina M. Alba, Asuncion C. Ilao

Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]

169
 Week

5
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind on how you can
identify the different random sampling techniques as applied in solving real-life
situated problems. It is here to help you realize the use and importance of selecting
the appropriate type of random sampling method that can yield significant results in
your future researches. This module was written and intended for senior high
students like you who are taking Statistics and Probability subject. Your adept at
analysis will help you appreciate the richness, and beauty of this subject which will
motivate you to apply to similar situations and develop your own statistical
procedures.

The module contains only one lesson which is illustrating random sampling.
It offers relevant problems or situations which help you to understand what is being
tackled in this module. Your ability to interpret, reason out, and make a judgment
or even decision out of statistical measures will also be practiced here.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define terms related to random sampling;
2. illustrate random sampling; and
3. identify different random sampling techniques.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What do you call to the set of all people, objects, events, or ideas
researchers want to investigate?
A. data C. sample
B. population D. statistics
2. Which of the following can be considered as the best sample?
A. conveniently chosen C. selected at random
B. purposefully selected D. self-selected
3. From the given populations, which of the following sample is most
likely to be representatives of the population from which it is drawn?
A. population: senior high school students sample: grade 10 students
B. population: online shoppers sample: market vendors
C. population: users of social media sample: students
D. population: SAP beneficiaries sample: government officials
4. Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of simple
random sampling?
A. Each element in the population has an equal probability of being
selected
B. Random numbers selected to decide which elements are included as
the sample.
C. Each element has a unique identification.
D. Samples are selected based on the subjective judgment of the researcher.
5. Which of the following is a type of random sampling method?
A. convenience C. purposive
B. non-probability D. stratified
6. Which of the following is NOT a type of random sampling method?
A. cluster C. simple
B. convenience D. systematic

170
7. A researcher was given a random list of all graduating senior high school
students. He decided to conduct a survey by asking every seventh student on
the list regarding the courses that they want to take in college. What type of
sampling technique he is planning to use?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. random D. systematic
8. You are a researcher and you wish to do a comparative study between two
hospital's success rates in fighting COVID-19. Instead of mixing patients in the
two hospitals, you simply divided your samples into two and randomly select
samples based on the hospital that an individual attended for treatment. What
type of sampling technique are you using?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. random D. systematic
9. You wish to determine the effects of implementing the COVID-19 community
quarantine in the Philippines. Among the variables, the socio-economic
status of your respondents is your primary concern. What sampling technique
would best select your sample for this study?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic
10. You go to the streets of your barangay to conduct a study on how SAP
beneficiaries spend their money during the COVID-19 community
quarantine. You ask every by-passer to participate in your research. What
type of sampling technique are you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic
For numbers 11-15, refer to the situation below:
The Philippine High School caters 5,000 senior high students. Mr. Manalo, the school
principal, wants to obtain information about their plans after graduation.
11. What is the target population in his study?
A. senior high students in his school
B. senior high students in his district
C. parents of senior high students in his school
D. parents of senior high students in the nation
12. Mr. Manalo writes each name of all senior high school students on small
pieces of paper. He rolls and put them in a box and then draws 500 names as
respondents in his study. What random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
13. The principal creates a list of all senior high students. He decides to include
every tenth student in his samples. Which random sampling technique does
he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
14. Mr. Manalo groups the senior high students according to their grade level
and strand. He proportionately and randomly chooses sample students from
each group. Which random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
15. The principal groups the senior high school students according to what
barangay they live. He randomly chooses 5 barangays and then includes all the
students living in the randomly chosen barangays in the sample. Which
random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

171
Lesson 1 Random Sampling
In research, collecting data can either be done in the entire population or the
subset of this population called sample. If a researcher opts to use sample rather
than a population, he must take considerations on the number of samples and how
these samples can be chosen out of his target population.
A population includes all of its elements from a set of data. The size of the
population is the number of observations in the population. For example, if ABS-
CBN network has 11,000 employees having the required blood type in a certain
study, then we have a population of size 11,000.
Sample consists of one or more data drawn from the population. It is a subset,
or an incomplete set taken from a population of objects or observations. Taking
samples instead of the population is less time-consuming and cost-effective.
Although sampling has advantages, it can also be a source of bias and inaccuracy.
Random Sampling is a sampling method of choosing representatives from the
population wherein every sample has an equal chance of being selected. Accurate
data can be collected using random sampling techniques.

Analyze the following scenarios then answer the questions that follow.

a. As of May 6, 2020, the Department of Health recorded 131,786 unique

individuals who got tested for the COVID-19 out of approximately 109,369,019
Filipinos.
1. Identify the population.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. How many elements are there in the population?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. Who are the samples?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4. How many samples are selected?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

5. Did the situation illustrates random sampling? Why or why not?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
b. Barangay Pagkakaisa has 400 family beneficiaries of the go
Amelioration Program (SAP). The Brgy. Captain decides to survey how these
recipients spend their money during community quarantine. He writes each of
the names of the beneficiaries in small pieces of paper. He rolls and put them in
a box then draws 50 names to answer the survey questionnaire.

172
 6. Identify the population.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
7. How many elements are there in the population?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
8. Who are the samples?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
9. How many samples are selected?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
10. Did the Brgy. Captain use random sampling in the situation? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

POPULATION SAMPLE

College
students in a
certain Nursing
University students

You already knew that random sampling is a method of selecting a sample from a
population in such a way that every member of the population is equally likely to be
chosen as part of the sample. Do you know that we have four ways to randomly select
our sample? Yes, we have four types of random sampling which you will be able to
define and differentiate in the following activity.

I. Match the word in column A to its definition in column B.

Column A Column B

1. Simple a. methodical procedure

2. Systematic b. having few parts; not complex

3. Stratified c. to divide or arrange into classes

4. Cluster d. a number of similar things that occur

together

173
II. e keywords related to random sampling.
Now you are ready to distinguish its different types. Use your understanding of the
previous activity to identify whether the following illustrates simple, systematic,
stratified or cluster random sampling.
1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of paper, mixes the
papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.
2. A researcher selects every 7th student from a random list.
3. A researcher tells the class to count and then selects those students who count
a multiple of 7 numbers.
4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7 names by
gender.
5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected classes out of 7
classes.
What is It
Let us analyze the situations given above.
1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of paper, mixes the
papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.
Situation 1 illustrates simple random sampling. The pieces of paper correspond
to each student as elements of the population. All of them have an equal
chance of being selected as a sample by randomly picking 7 pieces of paper in
a bowl.
2. A researcher selects every 7th students from a random list.
3. A researcher tells the class to count and then selects those students who
count a multiple of 7 numbers.
Situations 2 and 3 illustrate systematic random sampling because samples
are being selected based on the k consistent intervals. Selecting every 7th student
th

on the random list of names creates an equal chance for all of the students.
The same thing happened in selecting students who count multiple of 7 or 7, 14,
21, and so on.
4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7 names by
gender.
Situation 4 illustrates stratified random sampling because the students
were divided into two different strata or groups, boys and girls. With a proportional
number for each group, samples will then be selected at random from these two
groups.
5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected classes out of 7
classes.
Situation 5 illustrates cluster sampling since all students are divided into
clusters or classes, then 3 classes were selected at random out of the 7 classes.
All of the students of these three classes comprised the samples of the study. Take
note that each cluster is mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous.

There are different types of random sampling.

a. A Simple random sampling technique is the most basic random sampling
wherein each element in the population has an equal probability of being
selected. They are usually represented by a unique identification number that is
written on equal-sized and shaped papers and then selection of samples is
possible through the lottery method. Random numbers selected to decide
which elements are included as the sample. The drawing number of paper is based
on the desired number of samples.

174
 Simple Random Sampling

JUAN DE LA CRUZ

ANDRES KAPULE

MARIA PAYAPA

JOSEFA MABUHAY

MARCELA MABINI

Systematic Random Sampling

b. Systematic random sampling is a random sampling that uses a list of all

the elements in the population and then elements are being selected
based on the kth consistent intervals. To get the kth interval, divide the
population size by the sample size.
c. Stratified random sampling is a random sampling wherein the
population is divided into different strata or divisions. The number of
samples will be proportionately picked in each stratum that is why all
strata are represented in the samples.
d. Cluster sampling is a random sampling wherein population is
divided into clusters or groups and then the clusters are randomly
selected. All elements of the clusters randomly selected are considered
the samples of the study.

175
 Stratified Random Sampling

Cluster Sampling

The sampling techniques that involve random selection are called probability
sampling. Likewise, simple random, systematic, and stratified and cluster sampling
are all probability sampling techniques.
There are also sampling techniques that do not involve random selection of data.
They are called non-probability sampling. An example of this is convenience
sampling wherein the researcher gathers data from nearby sources of information
exerting minimal effort. Convenience is being used by persons giving questionnaires
on the streets to ask the passers-by.
Purposive sampling is also not considered a random sampling since the respondents
are being selected based on the goal of the studies of the researcher. If the study is
about the students who are children of OFW, the researcher will get samples who are
children of OFW. This excludes other students from being a sample.

176
Independent Practice
Identify the random sampling technique used in each item.
1. You are given a list of all graduating students in your school. You decide to
survey every 10th student on the list and ask them the organization that they
belong.
2. You wish to make a comparison of the gender differences in Mathematics
performance. You divide the population into two groups, male and female, and
randomly pick respondents from each of the group.
3. You assign numbers to the members of the population and then use draw lots
to obtain your samples to answer your survey on the most popular festivals in
the country.
4. You randomly pick five out of fifteen barangays to conduct your survey in your
municipality or city about their best environment-friendly practices.
5. You write the names of each student in pieces of paper, shuffles, and then draw
eight names to answer a survey on their ethical media practices.
Independent Assessment
Analyze the given situation below and then identify the type of random sampling
methods being illustrated in each item. Write the letter of your answer in a separate
answer sheet.
Each of the 30 basketball high school teams has 12 players. The organizer wants to
have a quick survey to know the average height of the players.

separate
fishbowl and randomly drew out five names. The five names from each team
will be combined to make up the sample. Which of the following sampling
techniques is being used in this situation?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
2. The organizer lists all the players in a sheet of paper and then assigns a
unique number for each. Sixty numbers will be picked to get the samples.
Which random sampling technique did the organizer apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
3. All players will be grouped according to their age and will randomly choose
players from each group to measure their height. Which random sampling
technique did he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
4. The organizer created a list of all players, decided to survey every sixth name
on the list, and later asked those players that were selected. Which random
sampling technique did he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
5. A team is randomly selected to answer the question prior to the study. Which
random sampling technique did he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

177
What I Have Learned
Fill in the blank of word or group of words to complete the sentence to gauge what
you have learned with this module.

_________________________ is the collection of the entire objects, individuals or

data being examined in the study.

_________________________ is a part of population that is chosen as

representatives of the entire population.

__________________________ is the method of getting samples.

__________________________ is a sampling method of choosing representatives

from the population wherein every sample has an equal chance of being
selected.

There are different types of random sampling.

a. _______________________is the most basic random sampling wherein each

element in the population has an equal probability of being selected. They are
usually represented by a unique identification number that is written on
equal-sized and shaped papers and then selection of samples is possible
through the lottery method. Random numbers selected to decide which
elements are included as the sample. The drawing number of papers is based
on the desired number of samples.
b. _______________________is a random sampling which uses a list of all the
elements in the population and then elements are being selected based on the
kth consistent intervals. To get the kth interval, divide the population size by
the sample size.
c. ________________________ is a random sampling wherein the population is
divided into different strata. Selection of samples will be proportionately
randomly picked in each stratum that is why all strata have representatives in
forming the samples.
d. ________________________ is a random sampling wherein population is divided
into clusters and then the clusters is randomly selected. All elements of the
clusters randomly selected are considered the samples of the study.
There are also sampling techniques that do not involve random selection of data.
Example of which is the _________________________ wherein the researcher gather
data from nearby sources of information exerting a minimal effort.
____________________________ is also not considered a random sampling since the
respondents are being selected based on the goal of the studies of the researcher.

What I Can Do
Decide a specific problem that you want to study about the COVID-19 pandemic.
1. Who are your target respondents or sources of data?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. How are you going to obtain your data?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

178
 3. What sampling method would be best for your study? Why would you
select that method?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. What do you think would be the greatest description of a best sample?
Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

5. If you are to create your own research, will you use random sampling?
Why or why not? If yes, what kind of random sampling are you going to
use? If not, how will you obtain your samples?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What do you call the set of all data that researchers want to investigate?
A. data C. random
B. population D. sample
2. Which of the following can be considered as the best sample?
A. conveniently chosen C. selected at random
B. purposefully selected D. self selected
3. From the given populations, which of the following sample is most likely to
be representatives of the population from which it is drawn?
A. population: SAP beneficiaries sample: car owners
B. population: lawmakers sample: students
C. population: online shoppers sample: cellphone users
D. population: graduating students sample: grade 8 students
4. In random sampling, the sample should be_______ the population
A. as large as C. not taken from
B. different from D. representative of
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of random sampling?
A. cluster C. simple
B. purposive D. systematic
6. Which of the following is random sampling?
A. convenience C. purposive
B. non-probability D. stratified
7. As a researcher, you ask the people of your barangay on how they spent
their money during the community quarantine. You decided to group them
according to their socio-economic status and then proportionately and
randomly selecting samples from these groups. Which type of sampling are
you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic
8. As a researcher, you want to know the plans of graduating senior high
school students. You ask all by-passers to participate in your research.
Which type of sampling are you using?
A. convenience C. stratified

179
 B. purposive D. systematic
9. You wish to examine the effects of community quarantine on your fellow
students. You decided to borrow a list from the guidance office and select
every 10th student on it. What sampling technique are you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic
10. You want to know the effects of the COVID-19 to the Filipino people and you
will ask the medical frontliners. Which type of sampling will you use?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

For numbers 11-15, refer to the situation below:

A National High School has 2,000 first year high school students. Mrs. Mogol, the

lesson that has not been tackled.

11. What is the target population in her study?

A. all students in her school
B. parents of all students in her school
C. first year high school students in her school
D. parents of first year high school in her school
12. The principal creates a list of all first year high school students, decides to
survey every seventh student on the list. Which random sampling technique
does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
13. Mrs. Mogol writes each name of all first year high school students on small
pieces of paper, he then put them in a box and draws 300 names to
participate in the study. Which random sampling technique does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
14. The principal groups the first year high school students according to the
barangay where they live. She randomly picks a barangay and all of the
students living in that barangay answer the questionnaire. Which random
sampling technique does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic
15. Mrs. Mogol groups the first year high school students according to their

from each group. Which random sampling technique does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

Additional Activities
In the following situation, give the target population and identify possible samples
(should be taken from the target population).
The first one is done as an example for you.

1.

condition.
Population: Catholic Bishops in the Philippines
Sample: Bishops in Luzon

180
2. A survey on the most popular TV noontime show in the Philippines
Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

3. The study habits of public senior high school students in selected schools in
Manila.
Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

4. The degree of satisfaction of parents about the quality of education their

children will get from online classes in Quezon Province.
Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

5. The characteristics of the most likable teachers according to students.

Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

181
 Statistics and
Probability
Computing for the Parameter
and Statistic
Statistics and Probability
Computing for the Parameter and Statistic
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this
module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Coren R. Manalo

Editors: Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Rey Mark R. Queaño and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Job S. Zape Jr., Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Catherine P. Talavera,
Gerlie M. Ilagan, Buddy Chester M. Repia, Herbert D. Perez, Lorena S. Walangsumbat, Jee-Ann O. Briones
Celestina M. Alba, Asuncion C. Ilao

Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]

182
Week

5
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind on how you can describe
the given population and sample based on their characteristics. It is here to help you
see the importance of having different statistical tools to be used in your future
researches. The scope of this module is the different parameter and statistic
measures that can accompany you in your upcoming studies. This will also help you
analyze real-life situated problems statistically in terms of relevant questions for you
to better understand them. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the
richness, and beauty of Statistics which will motivate you to apply to similar events
and create statistical measures of your own. This module was written and intended
for senior high students like you who are taking Statistics and Probability subject.

The module has one lesson:

Computing for the parameter and statistic.
Your patience in solving offered problems here in the module will help you improve
your computational skills as it tackles relevant culture-based situated problems.
Your ability to interpret, reason out, and make a judgment or even decision out of
statistical measures will also be practiced here. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students like you. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. distinguish between a sample statistic and a population parameter; and
2. calculate the parameter or statistic of the given data.

What I Know
For you to be able to have an insight regarding parameter and statistic, you must
first answer the pre-test before proceeding to the self-learning part of this module.
Read and analyze each question carefully then choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call a number that describes a population characteristic?

A. data C. samples
B. parameter D. statistic
2. What do you call a number that describes a sample characteristic?
A. data C. samples
B. parameter D. statistic
3. Which of the following is a parameter?
A. 2 C.
B. s D. s2

For numbers 8-11, the following are scores of students:

9, 7, 8, 9, 7, 5, 8, 10, 7, 8, and 10.

4. What is the value of µ? (2 points)

A. 7 C. 8
B. 7.33 D. 8.33

183
5. What is the value of the population variance? (2 points)
A. 1.56 C. 2
B. 1.87 D. 2.2
6. What is the value of ? (2 points)
A. 1.25 C. 1.41
B. 1.37 D. 1.48

For numbers 12-15, the following are the six scores of the students above that are
randomly selected:
9, 7, 5, 8, 7, 8

7. What is the value of the sample mean? (2 points)

A. 7 C. 8
B. 7.33 D. 8.33
8. What is the value of s2? (2 points)
A. 1.56 C. 2
B. 1.87 D. 2.2
9. What is the sample standard deviation? (2 points)
A. 1.25 C. 1.41
B. 1.37 D. 1.48
Rubric for 2-point item
Equivalent Points Description
Complete solution with the correct
2 points
answer
1 point Half of the solution is correct
0 point Wrong solution or no answer

Lesson 1 Computing for the Parameter and

Statistic
In Statistics, it is sometimes impossible to gather data from the entire
population but through sampling, researchers get a clearer picture of the whole
group being studied. One can draw inferences about a certain population by carefully
selecting random samples and using those data to make interpretations about the
entire population. Most of the researches need numerical values to easily interpret
the results of the study. Those values are computed based on all the elements of the
population or from the randomly selected samples that were taken. The values can
be classified into parameters and statistics. Parameter and statistics are usually
computed through different measures of central tendency and variability.

Can you still remember how to calculate for the mean, variance, and standard
deviation? Do the following exercise.
Teacher Jane randomly selected the grades in Statistics and Probability of 7 Grade
11 students. Calculate the mean grade, variance, and standard deviation of the
given set of data.

x
94

184
 88
79
89
91
84
77
=

Mean Variance Standard Deviation

= 2 = =

New
Solve for the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the given set of data of a
population.
X X-µ
94
85
88
79
78
75
89
91
84
77
=

Mean Variance Standard Deviation

µ= 2 = =

185
Answer the following questions:
1. On the first set of data, your computed values are what we call statistics.
What do statistics mean?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. On the second set of data, your computed values are what we call
parameters. What does the parameter mean?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. How do parameters and statistics differ from one another?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
What is it
A parameter is a measure that is used to describe the population while statistic is a
measure that is used to describe the sample. To understand more, let us discuss the
two measures.

PARAMETER
Below are grades in Statistics of Grade 11 students during the third quarter.

94 85 88 79 78
75 89 91 84 77
Let us compute the population mean, population variance, and population standard
deviation.

POPULATION MEAN
The mean is the sum of the data divided by the number of data. The mean is used to
describe where the set of data tends to concentrate at a certain point.
Population mean is the mean computed based on the elements of the population or
data. The
for the population mean, we simply add all the data (X) and then, divide it by the
number of elements in the population (N). We apply the formula: µ =

where: µ = the population mean

summation of x (sum of the measures)
= number of elements in the population

Grades in Statistics of Grade 11 Students during the Third Quarter

Grade (X)
1 94
2 85
3 88
4 79

186
 5 78
6 75
7 89
8 91
9 84
10 77
N = 10

In our case, adding all the 10 grades will give us a sum of 840.
We substitute the values obtained to the formula µ = therefore, µ = = 84
Our computed population mean µ is 84.

POPULATION VARIANCE AND POPULATION STANDARD DEVIATION

Variance and standard deviation determine how to spread or to scatter each
data on the set from the mean. Standard deviation is simply the square root of the
variance.
Population variance is the computed variance of the elements of the
population. The symbol 2 (read as
variance.
To compute for the population variance, we apply the formula:

2 =

where: X = given data

µ = the population mean
= number of elements in the population
Population standard deviation is the computed standard deviation of the
elements of the population. The symbol
population standard deviation.

To compute for the population standard deviation, we use the formula:

where: X = given data

µ = the population mean
= number of elements in the population
Consider the data given above, to solve for the population variance and
population standard deviation, we have this table:

Grade (X)
1 94 94 84 = 10 102 = 100
2 85 85 84 = 1 12 = 1
3 88 88 84 = 4 42 = 16
4 79 79 84 = 5 52 = 25
5 78 78 84 = 6 62 = 36

187
 6 75 75 84 = 9 92 = 81
7 89 89 84 = 5 52 = 25
8 91 91 84 = 7 72 = 49
9 84 84 84 = 0 02 = 0
10 77 77 84 = 7 72 = 49
N = 10 = 382

The third column is computed through subtracting the mean to the scores, while the
fourth column is computed by squaring the third column. Since there is a symbol
or summation in the formula, we need to add the computed values in the fourth
column.
Again, for the population mean,
µ= = = 84
For the population variance, we substitute the computed values to our formula, thus
2 = = = 38.2
For the population standard deviation, we can also substitute the computed values
to the formula, or we can simply get the square root of the variance.
= = = 6.18

Population mean (µ), population variance ( 2) and population standard deviation

are what we called parameters.

STATISTIC
From the previous data of the population, suppose that we randomly select only 7
data out of the total 10 data in the population.

94 85 88 79 78
75 89 91 84 77

Compute the sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation. Here
is the result:

SAMPLE MEAN
The sample mean is the average of all the data of the samples. The symbol
he sample
mean, we simply add all the data and divide it by the number of elements in the
sample (n). We apply the formula: =

where: = the sample mean

= number of elements in the sample

188
 Grades in Statistics of Grade 11 Students during the Third Quarter
Population Sample

1 94 94
2 85
3 88 88
4 79 79
5 78
6 75
7 89 89
8 91 91
9 84 84
10 77 77
N=10; n = 7
In our case, adding the 7 samples will give us a sum of 602.
We substitute to the formula = therefore, = = 86.
Our computed sample mean is 86.

In this example, there is a slight difference between the population mean and the
sample mean. But notice that there is no difference regarding the method in
determining the value of the population mean and the sample mean. For the divisor,
the population mean µ uses N (population size) while sample mean x applies n
(sample size).
SAMPLE VARIANCE AND SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION
Sample variance is the computed variance of the elements of the sample. s 2 is used
to represent sample variance.
To compute for the sample variance, we apply the formula: 2 =
where: x = given data
= the sample mean
= number of elements in the sample
Sample standard deviation is the computed standard deviation of the elements of the
sample. s is used to represent sample standard deviation.
To compute for the sample standard deviation, we use the formula: =
where: x = given data
= the sample mean
= number of elements in the sample
As you would notice, the sample standard deviation is also the square root of the
sample variance.
Population Sample
Number
Grade) Grade)
1 94 94 94 86 = 8 82 = 64
2 85
3 88 88 88 86 = 2 22 = 4
4 79 79 79 86 = 7 72 = 49

189
 5 78
6 75
7 89 89 89 86 = 3 32 = 9
8 91 91 91 86 = 5 52 = 25
9 84 84 84 86 = 2 22 = 4
10 77 77 77 86 = 9 92 = 81
= 236

The fourth column is computed by subtracting the mean to the grades, while the last
column is computed by squaring the third column. Since there is a symbol or
summation, we need to add the computed values.

Again, the sample mean is

= = = 86
For the sample variance, that is
2 = =

For the sample standard deviation, we have

= = 6.27

Sample mean , sample variance (s2) and sample standard deviation (s) are what
we call statistic.

Remember that parameters are for population while statistics are for sample.
Other examples of parameters and statistics are the population proportion and

rho) for the population. These will be discussed in the latter part of this course.

Since the difference between parameter and statistic is already clear to you,
let us now apply the different parameters and statistics of the following data. Believe
me, you can do this!
Independent Practice 1A
Complete the table below by writing the correct symbols and formula in each
parameter and statistic.

Different Parameter Statistic

Measures Symbol Formula Symbol Formula

Mean

Variance

Standard
Deviation

190
Independent Practice 1B
Complete the table below by computing for the different parameters and statistics.

Population: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Sample: 2, 4 and 5

Measures Parameter Statistic

Mean

Variance

Standard
Deviation

Independent Assessment

I. The following are the scores of ten ABM students in their fourth-quarter
examination:

26 37 45 35 31
47 23 34 44 38

Complete the table and compute for the population mean, population variance, and
population standard deviation.

Scores (X)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
N= X= =

191
Write your computations here:

population mean population variance population standard

deviation

II. The scores of the 5 randomly selected HUMSS students are given below:
26, 45, 31, 34, 44

Complete the table and compute for the sample mean, sample variance, and sample
standard deviation.

Scores (x)
1
2
3
4
5
n= =

Write your computations here:

sample mean sample variance sample standard

deviation

What I Have Learned

____________________ 1. What is the measure that is used to describe the population?
____________________ 2. What type of letters does parameter is usually denoted?
____________________ 3. What is the formula for the population mean?
____________________ 4. What is the formula for the population variance?
____________________ 5. What is the formula for the population standard deviation?
____________________ 6. What type of measure is used to describe the sample?
____________________ 7. What type of letters does statistic is usually denoted?
____________________ 8. What is the formula for the sample mean?
____________________ 9. What is the formula for the sample variance?
____________________ 10. What is the formula for the sample standard deviation?

192
What I Can Do
Create a group with 8 members or ask any 8 people nearby. Inquire a specific
question that a possible answer is a number. Record those answers of each member
of the group or the people you have surveyed. Solve for the sample statistic using the
computations that we have discussed.
You may also choose from any of the following topics for survey.
the number of Philippine festivals you have attended
the number of historical places you have visited
the number of Filipino heroes you have known
the number of members of your family
the number of gadgets you have
Holistic Rubric:

The student demonstrates a clear and thorough understanding of

100% the concepts and procedures embodied in the task. He/she
completed the task accurately.

The student demonstrates a partial understanding of the concepts

80% and procedures embodied in the task. He/she completed the task
inaccurately.

The student demonstrates a partial understanding of the concepts

60% and procedures embodied in the task. He/she does not complete
the task.

The student demonstrates a limited understanding of the concepts

30% and procedures embodied in the task. He/she does the task
inaccurately and incompletely

0% The student does not attempt anything in the task.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What do you call a number that describes a sample characteristic?
A. data C. sample
B. parameter D. statistic
2. What do you call a number that describes a population characteristic?
A. data C. sample
B. parameter D. statistic
3. Which of the following is a statistic?
A. 2 C.
B. µ D. s

193
For numbers 4-6, the following are scores of students in their quiz:
7, 11, 8, 8, 19, 15, 7, 9, 9, 20, 17, 14

4. What is the value of µ? (2 points)

A. 10.4 C. 12
B. 11 D. 14.4
5. What is the value of the population variance? (2 points)
A. 21 C. 23.43
B. 22.91 D. 27.33
6. What is the value of ? (2 points)
A. 4.58 C. 4.84
B. 4.79 D. 5.23

For numbers 13-15, the following are the seven scores of the students above that are
randomly selected:

7, 8, 8, 15, 9, 20, 17

7. What is the value of the sample mean? (2 points)

A. 10.4 C. 12
B. 11 D. 14.4
8. What is the value of s2? (2 points)
A. 21 C. 23.43
B. 22.91 D. 27.33
9. What is the sample standard deviation? (2 points)
A. 4.58 C. 4.84
B. 4.79 D. 5.23

Rubric for 2-point item

Equivalent Points Description
Complete solution with the correct
2 points
answer
1 point Half of the solution is correct
0 point Wrong solution or no answer

Additional Activities
Given a set of data, which is more advantageous, computing the population
parameter or the sample statistic? Why?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of choosing parameter over statistic and
vice versa?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

194
 Statistics and
Probability
Identifying Sampling
Distribution of Statistics
Statistics and Probability
Identifying Sampling Distribution of Statistics
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this
module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Coren R. Manalo

Editors: Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Rey Mark R. Queaño and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Edna E. Eclavea
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Job S. Zape Jr., Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Catherine P. Talavera,
Gerlie M. Ilagan, Buddy Chester M. Repia, Herbert D. Perez, Lorena S. Walangsumbat, Jee-Ann O. Briones
Celestina M. Alba, Asuncion C. Ilao

Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]

195
 Week

5
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind on how you can
illustrate the sampling distribution of the sample mean. It is here to help you see the
importance of having different statistical tools to be used in your future researches.
The scope of this module is the sampling distribution of the sample mean that can
accompany you in your upcoming studies. This will also help you analyze real-life
situated problems statistically in terms of relevant questions for you to better
understand them. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the richness, and
beauty of Statistics which will motivate you to apply to similar events and create
statistical measures of your own. This module was written and intended for senior
high students like you who are taking Statistics and Probability subject.

The module has one lesson:

Sampling Distributions of Sample Mean.
Your patience in solving offered problems here in the module will help you
improve your computational skills as it tackles relevant culture-based situated
problems. Your ability to interpret, reason out, and make a judgment or even
decision out of statistical measures will also be practiced here. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate sampling distribution;
2. construct a sampling distribution of sample mean; and
3. create a histogram of the sampling distribution of sample mean.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What distribution pertains to the frequency distribution of the sample mean from
all the possible random samples of a particular sample size n taken from the given
population?
A. frequency C. population
B. normal D. sampling
2. Which of the following is NOT a step-in creating sampling distribution of
the sample mean?
A. Determine the number of sets of all possible random samples.
B. Compute for the standard deviation and variance of the samples.
C. Construct a frequency distribution table of the sample mean and
probability.
D. List all the possible random samples and solve for the sample mean of
each set of samples.
3. Which of the following is the mean of the samples 7, 11, 22, 24, and 27?
A. 15.17 C. 22
B. 18.20 D. 22.75

196
 For numbers 4-9, a population consists of the data {1, 2, 3, 4}.
4. How many different samples of size n = 2 can be drawn from the
population?
A. 6 C. 4
B. 5 D. 3
5. Which of the following sample mean has the greatest frequency in the
sampling distribution?
A. 1.5 C. 2.5
B. 2 D. 3
6. What is the frequency of sample mean 4?
A. 3 C. 1
B. 2 D. 0
7. Wat is the probability of the sample mean 3.5 in the sampling
distribution?
A. C.
B. D.
8. What is the lowest value of the sample mean in this sampling
distribution?
A. 0 C. 2
B. 1.5 D. 2.5
9. Which of the following histogram correctly shows the sampling
distribution of sample mean of size n = 2?

A. C.

B. 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 D. 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

For numbers 10-15, refer to the given below:
a population consists of the data {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}.

10. How many different samples of size n = 3 can be drawn from the
population?
A. 5 C. 8
B. 7 D. 10
11. Which of the following sample mean appears most frequent in the
sampling distribution?
A. 5 C. 7
B. 5.67 D. 8.33

197
12. Which of the following sample mean has the least frequency in the
sampling distribution?
A. 5 C. 7
B. 6.33 D. 8.67
13. What is the probability of the sample mean 8.33 in the sampling
distribution of sample means?
A. C.
B. D.
14. What is the lowest value of the sample means in this sampling
distribution?
A. 5 C. 7
B. 6.33 D. 8.67
15. Which of the following histogram correctly shows the sampling
distribution of sample means of size n = 3?

A. C.

0 5 5.67 6.33 7 7.67 8.33 9 0 5 5.67 6.33 7 7.67 8.33 9

B. D.

0 5 5.67 6.33 7 7.67 8 9 0 5 5.67 6.33 7 7.67 8 9

Lesson 1 Sampling Distribution of the Sample

Mean
In almost all fields of study, we gather data. These data are used to estimate
things about the nature of human beings, phenomena, and even our world. If the
number of elements in the population is too many, it will be extremely hard for the
researchers to collect all data from the group. In some cases, we need to use random
sampling to get the appropriate statistic from the samples to draw conclusions that
would represent the population. However, there can be numerous different sets of
possible samples of the same size that can be drawn from a given population. If we

different? How can we be sure that one set of random samples can represent the
entire population? How can we tell that our statistic is accurate?

During your junior high school classes, you already discussed frequency
distribution and on the earlier part of this course, you also tackled the probability
distribution. In this module, we will discuss another distribution, the sampling
distribution of the mean. Sampling distribution shows all the possible samples, in a
given population, together with their mean. It describes the probability of the mean
of all sets of samples with the same sample size n. The idea of sampling distribution

198
helps us to recognize how we use one random sample to conclude for the population.
It defines the entire possible statistic we could conclude up with.

The sampling distribution is a significant idea in Statistics. It is considered to

be a foundation and essential to learn. We could have better knowledge about the
population using statistical inference.

In this lesson, you will learn how to construct a sampling distribution of the
sample mean. This part consists of three activities to prepare you for the lesson.
To begin with, the concept of combination tells us the number of all possible
random samples of population size N taken at sample size n.

A. Evaluating the Combination of N Objects Taken n at a Time

Evaluate the following.
1. 4C2

2. 6C4

3. 5C3

4. 3C2

5. 7C5

B. Computing for the Mean of a Sample

Find the mean of the following sets of numbers.
Sample Mean
6. 4, 7, 11
7. 2, 5, 7, 1,
8. 18, 5, 13, 9, 11
9. 12, 19, 14, 7, 10, 4
10. 6, 15, 27, 22, 16, 19, 24

C. Constructing Frequency Distribution

The following are the mean scores of Grade 11 students of Quezon National
High School. Construct a frequency distribution for different means.
15.5 13.5 15.5 14 15

14 14.5 16 14.5 13.5

15 16.5 15 13 15.5

16 14.5 14 15.5 15

16 15 16.5 14.5 17

Means Tally Frequency

199
A population of Senior High School consists of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Let us create a sampling distribution of size 3 by following the steps.
A. First, let us evaluate the combination of N (population size) objects taken
n (sample size) at a time.
Therefore, we have
NCn = 5C3 = ____________________ samples
To get this, we apply the formula for a combination of N taken n at a time,
NCn, where N is the size of the population, and n is the sample size.
B. For the second step, write all the possible samples and compute for the
mean of each sample. To complete the table, compute for the sample mean,
samples are already given.
Observation Sample Mean
1 1, 2, 3 (1 + 2+ 3) ÷ 3 = 6 ÷ 3 = 2
2 1, 2, 4 2.33
3 1, 2, 5
4 1, 3, 4
5 1, 3, 5
6 1, 4, 5
7 2, 3, 4
8 2, 3, 5
9 2, 4, 5
10 3, 4, 5
C. Then, construct a frequency distribution of the sample mean.
Sample Mean Frequency
2
2.33
2.67
3
3.33
3.67
4

200
 Sampling distribution of the sample means is a frequency distribution
using the computed sample mean from all the possible random samples of
a particular sample size taken from the given population.

D. Lastly, add another column for the probability distribution. The probability
distribution of the sample means is also called the sampling distribution
of the sample mean. Since we have 10 possible outcomes, for the
probability, the denominator will be 10 and the number on the numerator
part will be the number of frequencies.

E.
Sample Means Frequency Probability P(x)

2 1 = 0.10

2.33 1

2.67 2

3 2

3.33 2

3.67 1

4 1

If we are to create a histogram, the sample means will be placed on the x-axis
while the probability will be placed on the y-axis.

0 2 2.33 2.67 3 3.33 3.67 4

What is It
Sampling distribution of the sample means is a frequency distribution using
the computed sample mean from all the possible random samples of a particular
sample size taken from the given population.

Steps to follow in making a sampling distribution of the sample mean:

1. Determine the number of sets of all possible random samples that can be drawn
from the given population by using the formula, NCn, where N is the population
size and n is the sample size.

In our activity, we are given with a population of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and sample

size of 3, therefore we have

201
 NCn = 5C3 = = = 10
*or use your calculator function nCr
2. List all the possible random samples and solve for the sample mean of each set
of samples.
Sample Mean

1, 2, 3 2
1, 2, 4 2.33

1, 2, 5 2.67

1, 3, 4 2.67

1, 3, 5 3

1, 4, 5 3.33

2, 3, 4 3

2, 3, 5 3.33

2, 4, 5 3.67
3, 4, 5 4

3. Construct a frequency and probability distribution table of the sample means

indicating its number of occurrence or the frequency and probability.

Sample Means Frequency Probability P(x)

2 1 = 0.10
2.33 1 = 0.10
2.67 2 = 0.20
3 2 = 0.20
3.33 2 = 0.20
3.67 1 = 0.10
4 1 = 0.10

Independent Practice 1A
How many different samples of size n can be obtained from the following
population N sizes?
N N NCn

1. 4 2
2. 6 4
3. 8 3
4. 10 4

202
 5. 15 5

Independent Practice 1B
I. A population consists of the values (1, 4, 3, 2). Consider samples of size 2 that can
be drawn from this population.
a. List down all the possible samples and corresponding sample mean
Sample Sample Means

b. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.

Sample Means Frequency Probability P(x)

Independent Assessment
Coren was able to sell several pairs of Marikina shoes that have sizes of 4, 5, 6, 7,
and 8. Consider samples of size 3 that can be drawn from this population.
a. List down all the possible samples and corresponding sample mean.
Sample Sample Mean

b. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.

Sample Mean Frequency Probability P(x)

203
c. Draw a histogram of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

What I Have Learned

Let us see what you have learned in this module by completing the following
statements.
A _________________________ of the sample mean is a frequency distribution using the
computed sample mean from all the possible random samples of a particular sample
size taken from the given population.

Steps to follow in making a ______________________________________________:

1. Determine the number of set of all possible random samples that can be drawn
from the given population by using the formula ______ where N is the
___________________ and n is the ___________________.
2. List all the possible ___________________ and solve for the ___________________ of
each set of samples.
3. Construct a ___________________ of the sample mean indicating its number of
occurrence or the frequency and together with its ___________________ .
What I Can Do
Since you already know how to construct the sampling distribution of the sample mean
and its corresponding histogram, let us apply your knowledge in the following data.

The ages of ALS learners in Bagong Pag-asa Community Learning Center (CLC) are 19,
20, 15, 17, 27, and 22. Consider samples of size 4 that can be drawn from this
population.
a. List down all the possible samples and corresponding sample mean.

Sample Sample Mean

204
 b. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

Sample Mean Frequency Probability P(x)

c. Draw a histogram of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What distribution pertains to the frequency distribution of the sample mean from
all the possible random samples of a particular sample size n taken from the given
population?
A. frequency B. normal C. population D. sampling
2. Which of the following is NOT a step-in creating sampling distribution of the
sample mean?
A. Determine the number of sets of all possible random samples.
B. Compute for the standard deviation and variance of the samples.
C. Construct a frequency distribution table of the sample means and
probability.
D. List all the possible random samples and solve for the sample mean of
each set of samples.
3. Which of the following is the mean of sample 6, 10, 21, 25, and 28?
A. 15.17 B. 18 C. 21.2 D. 22

For numbers 4-9, refer to the following set of data of a population {11, 12, 13, 14}.
4. How many different samples of size n = 2 can be drawn from the
population?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
5. Which of the following sample mean appears most frequent in the
sampling distribution?
A. 10 B. 11.5 C. 12 D. 12.5
6. What is the lowest value of the sample mean in this sampling
distribution?
A. 11.5 B. 12 C. 12.5 D. 13
7. What is the frequency of the sample mean 12.5?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

205
8. What is the probability of the sample mean 12 in the sampling
distribution?
A. B. C. D.

9. Which of the following histogram correctly shows the sampling

distribution of sample mean of size n = 2?
A. C.

B. D. 0 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5

0 11.5 12 12.5 13

0 12 12.5 13 13.5 4 0 12 12.5 13 13.5 4

For numbers 10-15, refer to the following population consists of the data
{2,4, 6, 8, 10}.
10. How many different samples of size n = 3 can be drawn from the
population?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
11. Which of the following sample mean appears most frequent in the
sampling distribution?
A. 3.67 B. 4 C. 4.67 D. 6
12. What is the lowest value of the sample means in this sampling
distribution?
A. 3.67 B. 4 C. 4.67 D. 6
13. What is the frequency of the sample mean 4.67?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
14. What is the probability of the sample mean 5.33 in the sampling
distribution of the sample mean?
A. B. C. D.
15. Which of the following histogram correctly shows the sampling
distribution of sample means of size n = 3?
A. C.

B. 0 4 4.67 5.33 6 6.67 7.33 8 D.

0 4 4.67 5.33 6 6.67 7.33 8

0 4.67 5.33 6 6.67 7.33 8 8.67

0 4.67 5.33 6 6.67 7.33 8 8.67

206
Additional Activities
Ask a family with five members in your community. Now, consider samples of size 3
that can be drawn from the data.

Answer the following questions:

1. How many possible samples of size 4 can be drawn?
2. List all the possible samples and compute the sample mean.
3. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
4. Draw a histogram corresponding to the sampling distribution of the sample
mean.
Sample Sample Mean Frequency Probability P(x)

207