Electrical Engineering

IIT Madras

EE 4140
Digital Communications

R. David Koilpillai

August 02, 2021

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 1

EE4140 Lectures 1
In 60 Seconds … Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras

 A significant amount of data

 Constant Communications
 New applications emerging
 A networked society
Digitally connected
 Energy
 Transportation
 Health
 …
 New generation of devices
 Wireless access
 Enabled by Cellular
 Exponential growth of data
 5G as an enabler

Source QMEE
Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 2
EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
An Amazing journey … IIT Madras

1990 – 2019 Amazing Three Decades !!

Sir J. C. Bose
1895

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 3

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Parabolic Antenna

 NASA Deep Space Network (70m diameter)

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 4
EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
Bluetooth IIT Madras

 Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) > 25000 members

 BR – Basic Data Rate, EDR – Enhanced Data Rate
 Ability for mesh networks and gateways to Internet (“Cloud”)
 Bluetooth Smart – 0.01 – 0.05 W – optimized for IoT

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 5

Ref: Rohde & Schwartz Whitepaper “Emerging
EE4140 Lectures 1
Communication Technologies enabling IoT” (Sept 2016)
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Bluetooth
 Personal Area Network
 Piconets / scatternets – for adhoc connectivity
 Synchronous and Asynchronous connections
– Voice and real-time applications
– Packet-data applications
 Master unit and slave units
– Master controls all timing in piconet

Ref: J. Haartsen, Ericsson Review, 1998

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 6

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras

Information about the course …

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 7

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
General Information
 Instructor – Prof. R. David Koilpillai, ESB 210 C ([email protected])
– Phone: x 4405, cell 9444976584
 B Slot
– Mon 09:00 - 09:50, Tue 08:00 - 08:50, Wed 13:00 – 13:50, Fri 11:00 – 11:50
 Moodle as the instructional platform – Daily Lecture Notes, Assignments,
supplementary course material
– Discussion forum will be utilised
 4 Teaching Assistants
 Role of TAs - interaction with students, Tutorial sessions, Cont feedback
 Grading pattern
– Quiz 1 – 20%, Quiz 2 – 20%, End semester exam – 50%
– Weekly Assignments Tests – 10%

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 8

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Course Introduction
 Initially part of the Core Curriculum
 Later an elective
 Course objectives Basic foundation
– Develop a solid foundation in Digital Communications theory & principles
– Strengthen linkages with DSP, Analog Comm, Information theory …
– Review, Expand, Master, Apply
– Channel Impairments: AWGN, ISI
– Receivers (Synchronization, Equalization, demodulation, decoding)
– Develop sound intuition regarding - Theory, simulation and practice
 Matlab-based computer exercises
 Weekly written assignments
– Assignment test
 In class test

 one problem taken from the assignment sheet

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 9
EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Course Content
 Modulation (Chap 2)
 Demodulation in AWGN (Chap 3)
 Synchronization (Chap 4)*
 Equalization (Chap 5)*
 Information Theory (Chap 6)*
 Channel coding and decoding (Chap 7)*
 Wireless Channel – CDMA, OFDM (Chap 8)*
* = selected topics
Text:
U. Madhow, “Fundamentals of Digital Communications”
Cambridge University Press (2017)
Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 10
EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
About Yourself … IIT Madras

1. Name
2. Roll Number
3. Email ID
4. Educational background
– Internship(s)
5. Work experience (if applicable)
6. Expectations from this course
7. Specific topics of interest / queries
Email to [email protected]

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 11

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras

Digital Communications

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 12

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Block Diagram of Transmitter
Info
Source
Source Channel
Encrypt Modulate Pulse shaping
Coding encode

Transmit
Compression Privacy Error protection Spectrum shaping
Information

Power Digital 
Transmit Upconversion
amplification Analog

Radiation Baseband  RF

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 13

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Description of Blocks
 Speech
– 8 Ksamples / sec
– 8 bits per sample  64 Kbits / sec
– GSM: 12 Kbps via speech compression (Voice Coder = Vocoder)
 Error Protection
– 1  111 and 0  000
– Received sequence: 101  1

 Modulation 011
– 8PSK 010 001

110 000

111 100
Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 101 14
EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Block Diagram of Receiver
Info
Sink
Source Channel
Decrypt Demodulate Rx filter
Decoding decode

Received
Output info Error protection
Information

Low noise Analog 

Filter Downconversion
amplification Digital

Receive Band RF  Baseband

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 15

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Receiver Functions

 Synchronization
– Timing
 Frequency offset correction 011
010 001
 Channel estimation
110 000
 Equalization
111 100
 Channel decoding 101
 Applications
– MP3 player
– Camera
– …

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 16

EE4140 Lectures 1
 Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Complete Communications System

Transmitter

Receiver
Channel

Koilpillai / Aug 2021 / EE4140 Course Overview 17

EE4140 Lectures 1