A.
Present Tense
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan fakta, kebiasaan, dan keadaan umum yang terjadi
pada saat ini
Keyword: usually, always, every, sometimes, normally, seldom, dll
a) Positive: Subject + verb1 + complement
Subject + to be + complement
Contoh: I read a book
He eats a bread
The puppy is cute
b) Negative: Subject + do/does not + verb1 + complement
Subject + to be not + complement
Contoh: You do not write
Lea does not learn English
We do not sing
I am not a student
c) Interrogative: Do/does + subject + complement?
To be + subject + compliment?
Contoh: Do you want to play?
Does your mom drink the tea?
Is he alive?
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung. Yang paling utama
dari present continuous tense adalah adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
Keyword: now, at the time, at this present, at this moment, dll
a) Positive: Subject + to be + verb ing + complement
Contoh: She is having breakfast
The bee is flying
b) Negeative : Subject + to be + not + verb ing + complement
Contoh: We are not studying
They are not practicinG
Scott is not playing
c) Interrogative: To be + subject + complement?
Contoh: Are you doing homework now?
Is Peter going out?
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah selesai dan
menekankan pada hasilnya.
Keyword: already, ever, just, not yet, so far, till now, dll
a) Positive: Subject + has/have + verb3 + complement
Contoh: I have eaten a pasta
They have fed my cat
My sister has played badminton
b) Negative: Subject + has/have + not + verb3 + complement
Contoh: I have not drunk the beer
You have not swum yet
He has not studied math
It has not decided yet
c) Interrogative: Has/have + subject + verb3 + complement?
Contoh: Have I ever watched this video?
Have you pressed on the like button?
Has he lost his mind?
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan terus
berlanjut sampai saat ini. Biasanya aksi yang menggunakan tense ini mempunyaili
durasi waktu tentu dan mempunyai relevansi dengan kondisi sekarang.
Keyword: since, for, the past … , the whole …, dll
a) Positive: Subject + has/ have + been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I have been living in this neighbourhood since kindergarten
They have been streaming for a week
Your phone has been ringing for hours
b) Negative: Subject + has/have + not been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I have not been activing my account for a minute
You have not been daydreaming
Neia has not been holding her phone
c) Interrogative: Have/has + subject + been + complement?
Contoh: Have you been sleeping since morning?
Has Luna been showing them around?
Has your skill been improving?
B. Past Tense
1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian di masa lampau.
Keyword: last … , yesterday, in 1996, … ago, dll
a) Positive: Subject + verb2 + complement
Subject + was/were + complement
Contoh: He worked really hard
Ariana was active 5 minutes ago
The guys were attractive
b) Negative: Subject + did + not + ver1 + complement
Subject + was/were + not + complement
Contoh: Charlie did not mind
She was not cute yesterday
c) Interrogative:Did + subject + verb1 + complement?
Was/were + subject + complement?
Contoh: Did you listen to us?
Was he a patient?
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan susatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada masa
lampau. Biasanya ada 2 kejadian yang di interupsi tsb yang menggunakan tense ini.
Keyword: when, while, as long as, at this time, yesterday, dll
a) Positive: Subject + was/were + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I was watching Netflix when you came
They were practicing their choreography
He was sleeping when we studied
You were discussing something with her when I called
b) Negative: Subject + was/were + not + verb ing + complement
Contoh: You were not running while I walk
Liam was not singing when Harry banged on the door
We were not solving the problem
The picture was not appering when I clicked
c) Interrogative: Was/were + subject + verb ing + complement?
Contoh: Were the students painting when the teacher came?
Was Bella writing while I talked?
Were you ignoring me?
3. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa
lampau,dan lebih menekankan pada hasil drpd durasi kejadian. Biasanya digunakan
untuk menunjukkan kejadian mana yang terlebih dahulu di antara 2 kejadian yg
terjadi di masa lampau.
Keyword: yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day,dll
a) Positive: Subject + had + verb3 + complement
Cotnoh: I had seen you 2 days ago
David had written a letter to his grandmother
They had imagined his crazy rich life
b) Negative: Subject + had + not + verb3 + complement
Contoh: We had not seen each other before we met up 2 days ago
You had not finished your homework before we went outside
Kira had not learned Dutch before her family moved to Netherland
I had not written a poem before you asked me to
c) Interrogative:Had + subject + verb3 + compliment?
Contoh: Had Shelly made up her bed before she went to school?
Had you asked a permission to the principle yesterday?
Had they confessed their feelings after the prom?
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai pada
waktu tertentu di masa lalu juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Tense ini juga digunakan pada REPORTED SPEECH.
Keyword: for, all day, the whole day, since, dll
a) Positive: Subject + had + been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I had been studying the whole day
You had been standing by the door since last night
She had been taking selfies for an hour
It had been bugging me all night
b) Negeative: Subject + had + not + been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: She had not been telling you the whole story
You had not been feeling well since yesterday
They had not been communicating since last year
c) Interrogative:Had + subject + been + verb ing + complement?
Contoh: Had you been sleeping yesterday?
Had they been gossiping all day?
Has Spencer been swimming for 5 hours?
5. PAST FUTURE TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu namun gagal
(rencana yang gagal).
Keyword: if, yesterday, the day before, last week, dll
a) Positive: Subject + would/should + verb1 + complement
Contoh: I would drive if I had the lisence
You should do it
Katy would sing me a song if she had more time
b) Negative: Subject + would/should + not + verb1 + compliment
Contoh: She would not come if you did not invite her
They would not listen if you did not ask them to
I should not do such a thing
He would not eat up if it was not for his mother
c) Interrogative: Would/should + subject + verb1 + complement?
Contoh: Would you eat if I cooked carbonara the day before?
Should I tell if he interrogated me?
Should we change the date if the crew said so?
Would they speak up if I told them to?
Would Tania leave her bedroom if her boyfriend came?
Should he do the favor?
Would the rabbit jump on me?
6. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lampau dan
akan berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini menekankan pd
durasi aksinya.
Keyword: if, yesterday, … ago, last… , dll
a) Positive: Subject + would/should + be + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I would be learning Spanish if you did not disturb me yesterday
She should be coming to the prom if her dress did not break
You should be riding the bike if your sister drove your car
Aaron would we attending the fanmeet if he was not sick
They would be studying biology if the teacher came
The flowers would be blooming if it was spring
b) Negative: Subject + would/should + not be + verb ing + complement
Contoh: Niall would not be running if you did not yell at him
She would not be crying if someone did not hurt her feelings
I should not be having dinner with him if I did not loose the bet
You should not be running for 3 miles if you brought your homework
The attendance would not be filming if they did not bring their phones
We should not be asking for help if you did not do such a thing
The plane should not be landing if there was storm
c) Interrogative: Would/should + subject + be + verb ing + compliment
Contoh: Should I be coming to the prom if the dress did not break?
Would she be smiling if I asked her to join our party?
Would you be having lunch if there was no math quiz?
Should they be looking formal if it was not for the president?
Should we be driving home alone yesterday?
Would Brandon be uploading a video if his brother was here?
7. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa
lampau namun ternyata tidak dilakukan (rencana yang gagal). Tense ini menekankan
pada hasil.
Keyword: if, yesterday, last… , … ago, dll
a) Positive: subject + would/should + have + verb3 + complement
Contoh: I should have listened to you yesterday
Mr. kim would have scolded me if you did not speak
She should have interested in chemistry last year
You would have seen the car accident
We should have read the rules
They should have decided
b) Negative: Subject + would/should + not have + verb3 + complement
Contoh: She would not have bought a new sneakers if you did not throw them
I should not have eaten alone if you came
Your dad should not have abandoned you
We should not have broken the silence
They would not have thought of nasty things
You should not have put me into your trouble
Your uncle would not have asked you about your aunt
c) Interrogatif: Would/should + subject + have + verb3 + complement?
Contoh: Would you have gone if I did not tell you to wait?
Would I have slept if you did not wake me up?
Should Hermione have cast the spell yesterday?
Should Soobin have danced to the song?
Would they have understood last night?
Would we have seen the tragic accident?
8. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan di
masa lampau, namun sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi
dan hasilnya
a) Positive: Subject + would have been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I would have been waiting you for hours yesterday
Clare would have been sleeping for a day but Rhianna had come to her
house
Vin would have been standing here all day
We would have been living in Greenwich
They would have been calling us million times
You would have been wondering yesterday
b) Negative: Subject + would not have been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: She would have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday but she had
gone at 9 PM
I would have been running for miles yesterday but mom had picked me
up
You would not have been considering this job then
Patrick would not have been working in this company for 7 years
They would not have been learning grammar for a year by the end of
last month
We would not have been finding Dori by the end of the night
c) Interrogative: Would + subject + have been + verb ing + complement?
Contoh: Would I have been hurting myself if I let my guards down?
Would Mr. Malik have been replying their comments?
Would we have been solving the problems?
Would they have been losing themselves after these entire gold times?
Would you have been saving money for your college fee?
Would she have been seeking more foods if we stayed here?
A. Future Tense
1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi atau suatu keadaan di masa depan
Keyword: next…, tomorrow, … later, dll
a) Positive: Subject + will/be going to + verb1 + complement
Contoh: I will give you the paper tomorrow
They are going to buy this building the next month
Adele will win the competition
We are going to send our report next week
He is going to come to her birthday party tonight with his new girlfriend
You will serve the drinks for them
b) Negative: Subject + will not/be not going to + verb1 + complement
Contoh: She will not take you to a venue
Toby is not going to work overseas after he graduates
I will not see you around later
You are not going to throw a party at your house
We will see better days
They will help you with your essay
c) Interrogative: Will/be going to + subject + verb1 + complement
Contoh: Will you marry me?
Are you going to go to my house tomorrow?
Are they going to make a new file?
Are we going to plan it tomorrow?
Will I give you a clue?
Will she be there soon?
Will Soohyun do it again?
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau keadaan yang akan terjadi di suatu
waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Keyword: tomorrow, in … , dll
a) Positive: Subject + will/be going to + be + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I will be cooking dishes
She is going to be studying Spanish
Draco will be running a marathon
They are going to be waiting for me when my plane arrives today
We will be missing her
You will be rejecting the calls
b) Negative: Subject + will not/be not going to + be + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I will not be cooking dishes
She is not going to be studying Spanish
Draco will not be running a marathon
They are not going to be waiting for me when my plane arrives tonight
We will not be missing her
You will not be rejecting the calls
c) Interrogative: Will/be going to + be + verb ing + complement
Contoh: Will I be cooking dishes?
Is she going to be studying Spanish?
Will Draco be running a marathon?
Are they going to be waiting for me when my plane arrives tonight?
Will we be missing her?
Will you be rejecting the calls?
3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan berakhir di masa depan.
Keyword: next…, in…, soon, dll
a) Positive: Subject + will have + verb3 + complement
Contoh: I will have said the truth
Johnny will have finished his homework soon
Ariana will have cooked dinner
They will have left Australia
We will have returned the book
It will have stopped raining
You will have studied Hiragana
b) Negative: Subject + will not + have + verb3 + complement
Contoh: I will not have said the truth
Johnny will not have finished his homework soon
Ariana will not have cooked dinner
They will not have left Australia
We will not have returned the book
It will not have stopped raining soon
You will not have studied Hiragana
c) Interrogative: Will + subject + have + verb3 + complement?
Contoh: Will I have said the truth?
Will johnny have finished his homework soon?
Will Ariana have cooked dinner?
Will they have left Australia?
Will we have returned the book?
Will it have stopped raining?
Will you have studied Hiragana?
4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense ini
menekankan pada hasil.
Keyword: for…, all day long, in, dll
a) Positive: Subject + will have been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: I will have been waiting for half an hour tonight
Tory will have been writing for 2 hours
They will have been knowing you for 3 years on September
You will have been living in Italia for a year on Sunday
b) Negative: Subject + will not have been + verb ing + complement
Contoh: He will not have been finding nemo all day long
Tory will not have been writing for 2 hours
I will not have been waiting for half an hour tonight
c) Interrogative:Will + subject + have been + verb ing + complement?
Contoh: Will Tory have been writing for 2 hours?
Will I have been waiting for half an hour tonight?
Will they have been knowing you for 3 years on September?
Will you have been living in Italia for a year on Sunday?
