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Lesson 02 Linux Refresher

This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, its components and popular distributions, the importance of Linux in DevOps, and demonstrates basic Linux commands like ls, cd, sudo, and apt-get to manage files, directories, and install software. Popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, and Fedora. Key components of Linux include the bootloader, kernel, init system, daemons, desktop environment, and applications.

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67 views

Lesson 02 Linux Refresher

This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, its components and popular distributions, the importance of Linux in DevOps, and demonstrates basic Linux commands like ls, cd, sudo, and apt-get to manage files, directories, and install software. Popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, and Fedora. Key components of Linux include the bootloader, kernel, init system, daemons, desktop environment, and applications.

Uploaded by

sai reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DevOps Certification Training

Linux Refresher
Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Describe the Linux operating system and its workflow

List popular Linux distributions

Understand the importance of Linux in DevOps

Execute basic commands of Linux


Linux Introduction
Linux OS Introduction

Linux is an operating system that manages the communication between software and
hardware of a system. It is an open-source Unix-like OS, based on Linux kernel.
Components of Linux OS

Components of Linux OS

Bootloader Kernel

Applications Init system

Desktop
Daemon
environment

Graphical server
Components of Linux OS

Components of Linux OS

1. Bootloader: A software to manage the booting process of a computer that mostly comes
as a splash screen to boot into an OS.

1. Kernel: The core of a system that manages CPU, memory, and the peripheral devices and
is the basic level of an OS.

1. Init system: A sub-system that bootstraps the user space and is charged with controlling
daemons.

1. Daemons: Background services such as printing, sound, and scheduling that either startup
during a boot or after logging into a system/computer.
Components of Linux OS

Components of Linux OS

5. Graphical server: A subsystem to display graphics on the monitor, commonly referred to


as X server or just X

5. Desktop environment: The component with which the users interact the most and
includes built-in applications such as file managers, configuration tools, and web browsers

5. Applications: High-quality software applications can be easily found using App Store-like
tools that centralize and simplify application installation
Linux Distributions

Linux distributions or distros are different versions of Linux OS offered to suit any type of users.
These distros can be downloaded for free, burned onto disk, and installed on a system.

Popular Linux distributions

Ubuntu Debian CentOS Fedora

Linux Mint OpenSUSE Archlinux Elementary OS


Importance of Linux in DevOps

Crucial role of Linux in DevOps

● The main goal of DevOps is to deliver software at a faster pace, that means building on
existing infrastructure. Linux is a huge part of that.

● Efficiency demands of DevOps can be easily met if a Linux environment is configured and
the associated networking connectivity will minimize obstacles of development process

● Linux is highly flexible as it can be installed on any device and configured to fit any
workflow

● Linux is highly scalable as it can process large amounts of data and can easily be
configured to add processing power and storage capacity
Linux Administration

Introduction to Linux administration

Linux administration is about managing system operations such as:

● File backups and restores

● Disaster recovery

● New system builds

● Hardware, software, and user maintenance

● Filesystem housekeeping

● Application installation and configuration

● System security management and storage management


Basic Linux Commands
Basic Linux Commands

● ls: Command to list files and directories

● cd: Command to change the current or active directory

● sudo su: Command to change the current user as a super/root user

● mv: Command to move a file or rename a file

● rm: Command to remove files in a directory or the directory itself

● rm –r: Command to remove all the contents in a directory and the directory as well

● mkdir: Command to create a directory in the current directory


Basic Linux Commands

● chmod: Command to change a file mode to r – read, w- write, or x- execute

● chown: Command to change the ownership of a file/folder

● cat: Command to view contents of a file

● echo: Command to display a text or a string to the standard output or a file

● clear: Command to clear the terminal screen

● apt-get: A package manager to install, remove, and upgrade software packages

● history: Command to show previously used commands


Execute Basic Linux Commands

Duration: 30 Min.

Problem Statement:

You have been asked to execute the basic Linux commands.


Assisted Practice: Guidelines

Steps to execute basic Linux commands:

1. Executing basic Linux commands:


○ List the files or folders present in the current directory.
○ Create a new directory in the current folder and check if the folder is created.
○ Navigate to a specific directory by changing the current directory.
○ Write some text in a demo file and display the content of the file.
○ Change the mode of the demo.txt file to read only.
○ Change the current user as a super/root user.
○ Install git using the apt-get package manager.
○ List all the previously used commands and then clear the Terminal screen.
Key Takeaways

Linux is an operating system that manages the communication


between software and hardware in a system

Bootloader, Kernel, Init system, Daemons, Desktop environment,


and Applications are the main components of a Linux OS

Linux distributions or distros are different versions of Linux OS


offered to suit any type of user

Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, and OpenSUSE are some of


the most popular Linux distributions

Some of the basic Linux commands are ls, cd, sudo, mkdir, rm,
and apt-get

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