ISSN 0367-8288 (PRINT)

ISSN 0974-8172 (ONLINE)

VOLUME 82
INDIAN JOURNAL OF
ENTOMOLOGY
VOLUME 82 PART 4 DECEMBER 2020

Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use

INDIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY

Entomological Society of India

www.entosocindia.org
Life stages and nature of damage of red banded mango caterpillar Deanolis sublimbalis Snellen
(for legends / details refer G Krishnarao et al., pp. 756-765, this issue)

DECEMBER 2020

Published by
1938
The Entomological Society of India
Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use
Entomological Society of India
www.entosocindia.org
 For 2020

Indian
Journal of
Entomology
Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use
Entomological Society of India
www.entosocindia.org

Volume 82 December 2020 Part 4

Published by:
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA
(online via- www.indianjournals.com)
 Indian Journal of Entomology 82(4): 735-738 (2020) DoI No.: 10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00159.5

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL OF SESAME LEAF WEBBER AND CAPSULE BORER

ANTIGASTRA CATALAUNALIS (DUPONCHEL)
Dwarka Prasad Athya and Anand Kumar Panday*

Department of Entomology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (JNKVV), Jabalpur 482004
*PC Unit Sesame and Niger, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur 482004
*Email: [email protected] (corresponding author)

ABSTRACT

A field trial was conducted at the experimental farm of Project Coordinating Unit Sesame and Niger
(ICAR), College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)
during pre-rabi season, 2018 on TKG-22 variety. Economic injury level was worked out by calculating
seed yield obtained from incidence/ population levels of Antigastra (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2.38 and 0.45 larvae/
plant) maintained from 20 DAS to till maturity of the crop. The total cost involved in the insecticide
Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use

protected treatment was calculated taking into account the cost of three foliar sprayings of profenophos
50 EC (2 ml/ l). The correlation coefficient between larval population and seed yield was found highly
significant (r= -0.92) and relationship was found negative. The regression equation showed that the yield
Entomological Society of India

of sesame seeds was reduced by 1.16 q/ ha for every increase of one larvae/ plant during pre-rabi 2018.
The economic injury level was found 0.74 larvae/ plant for sesame during pre-rabi 2018.
www.entosocindia.org

Key words: Antigastra catalaunalis, sesamum, incidence, population levels, larvae/ plant, profenophos,
correlation coefficients, seed yield, regression, economics

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important and Niger (ICAR), College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal
oilseed crop with India ranking first in area and Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur during pre-
production with average productivity of 463 kg/ rabi season, 2018. To maintain the stock culture, larvae
ha. (Anonymous, 2018). Bayissa (2010) mentioned of A. catalaunalis were collected from the sesame field
that A. catalaunalis is the most destructive pest and and brought to the laboratory for rearing. The larvae
attack sesame crop in all stages of its development. were kept in the petri dishes for pupation and fresh
At vegetative stage, it feeds on the tender foliage by food viz., tender leaves and flowers were provided as
webbing the top leaves and later bores into the flowers their diet, maintaining strict hygiene, with fresh diet
and capsules and cause up to 90% yield loss (Ahuja given as per need. After pupation in silken cocoon,
and Kalyan, 2002). Egonyu et al. (2005) and Singh these were collected and placed in rearing cages for the
(1987) mentioned that Economic Threshold Level emergence of the adults. Sesame seedlings planted in
(ETL) and Economic Injury Levels (EIL) for Antigastra disposable plastic glasses were placed inside the cage
catalaunalis on sesame might get initiated when 10% for oviposition and resting of moths. A swab of cotton
infestation is reached and delay in spraying beyond dipped in 10% honey solution was kept in rearing cage
this level results in economic loss in seed yield. Before as a food for adults. The eggs laid on seedling were
reaching that level, it is desirable to initiate control. collected carefully by moistened camel hair brush and
Stone and Pedigo (1972) concluded that EIL mainly placed in the petri dishes for hatching. The larvae thus
depends on the market price of the produce and cost of obtained were used for artificial release. The sesame
plant protection. Hence, assessment of crop loss due seed was sown in field condition and care was taken to
to insect pest becomes essential for any IPM measure. avoid infestation by sucking insects and foliar diseases.
The present study estimates the economic injury level Two healthy plants for each treatment were selected
for leaf webber and capsule borer A. catalaunalis on and carefully examined for the eggs, larvae, pupae and
sesame under field condition. adults and were removed from the plants. The selected
plants were covered with mosquito nets (screen cage)
MATERIALS AND METHODS supported with specially designed iron rods.

The present investigation was conducted in the In treatments, T1 to T7 plants were protected from
experimental farm of Project Coordinating Unit Sesame damage by insect pests with mosquito nets and known
 736 Indian Journal of Entomology 82(4) 2020

number of 2nd instar larvae were released in each cage damage was in T6 where 6 larvae/ plant was maintained;
according to the treatments and maintained till maturity, there was no damage T7 control (0 larvae/ plant).
with releasing of fresh 2nd instar larvae and removing
the old larvae after pupation. According to treatment, A significant impact on the seed yield was thus
the numbers of larvae were transferred by means of soft observed with A. catalaunalis incidence. Significantly
camel hair brush. The plants were artificially infested at maximum yield (7.00 g/ plant) was observed in the
20 days after germination. After introducing the larvae, treatment without larvae in caged condition. This is on par
the bottom of the cages was sealed with mud to prevent with treatments of spraying profenophos (6.64 g/ plant)
the entry of other insects. Plants were periodically and 1 larva/ plant (4.16 g/ plant). Plants grown in natural
observed for pre and post infestation of other insect condition (no cage) without spray (2.22 g/ plant) was at
pests. Treatment T8 and T9 plants were grown in open par with T2 (2 larvae/ plant- 2.40 g/ plant). Minimum
condition. In treatment T8 insects were allowed to feed seed yield (0.12 g/ plant) was in the treatment T6 in which
on the plants while in treatment T9, foliar spray of 6 larvae/ plant followed by T5 (0.34 g), being on par with
profenophos 50%EC @ 2ml/ l was given- three sprays, each other and also with treatment T4 (0.76 g/ plant).
first at 30 DAS and subsequent ones at intervals of 15 The larval incidence showed significant positive
days. correlation with % leaf (r=0.99**), flower (r=0.99**)
Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use

Observations were made at vegetative (30 DAS), and capsule (r=0.99**) damage, as well as % losses
flowering (45 DAS) and capsule stages (70 DAS) in seed yield (r=0.92**) while it showed significant
negative correlation with seed yield (r=-0.92**). Leaf,
Entomological Society of India

by counting the damaged/ healthy leaves, flowers

and capsules/ plant. After maturity the screen nets flower and capsule damage showed significant positive
relationship with loss in seed yield; leaf (r= - 0.93**)
www.entosocindia.org

were removed and plants were harvested separately

to record the yield/ plant and converted to q/ ha (@ flower (-0.90**) and capsule damage (r=-0.85**)
2,50,000 plants/ ha). The economic injury level for A. showed significant negative correlation with seed
catalaunalis was computed with the regression equation yield; and leaf damage showed significant positive
Y = a + bx, between the larval density and reduction correlation with % flower (r= 0.99**) and % capsule
in yield; reduction in yield in respective treatment damage (r=0.98**).
= yield in completely protected treatment - yield in Economic injury level was worked out using seed
respective treatment. The EIL was computed based on yield data and total cost involved in the three sprays of
the procedure given by Stone and Pedigo (1972) and profenophos (Rs 5142/ ha). Income from the treatments
modified by Ongulana and Pedigo (1974). was computed taking Rs 6000/ q as the price of sesame
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION seed. The relationship between the number of larvae (0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0.45 and 2.38 larvae/ plant) and yield in q/
The results revealed that at vegetative stage, the ha (plants were infested from 20 days after germination
larvae of A. catalaunalis, thrived on the new shoots, and and larval population were maintained till maturity of
in the reproductive stage on the flowers and young pods. the crop) in TKG-22 variety determined with correlation
A significant impact on the per cent damaged leaves, coefficients/ regression equation is depicted in Fig. 1.
flowers and capsules/ plant in treatments were th varied These reveal that the correlation coefficient was highly
incidence. In general the damaged leaves, flowers and significant (r= -0.92) and relationship is negative
capsules increased as the larval numbers increased, between incidence and yield. The yield was reduced
and ranged from 0.00 to 72.97%, 0.00 to 83.33% by 1.16 q/ ha for every increase of one larvae/ plant.
and 0.00 to 80.67%, respectively. These observations
corroborate with those of Shrivastava et al. (2002) that Present observations derive supported from those
damage to flowers and capsules ranged from 2 to 75% of Wazire and Patel (2016). Manisegaran et al. (2002)
and from 1.4 to 31.2%, respectively. Treatment T9 reported that for increase in 1 larvae/ m2 the yield loss
(completely protected by foliar spray) was observed was 18 to 200 kg/ ha during vegetative and reproductive
with the least leaf (4.87%), flower (5.42%) and capsule stage. Wazire and Patel (2016) reported that yield was
damage (5.55%). The treatment (T8) where crop was reduced by 0.57 and 0.43 q/ ha for every increase of
left naturally without taking any protection measures one larvae/ plant. The present finding of the economic
recorded 30.44% damaged leaf, 35.32% flower and injury level as 0.74 larvae/ plant (variety TKG 22)
21.56% capsule/plant. However, maximum (72.97% derive support from the findings of Wazire and Patel
leaves; 83.33% flowers and 80.67% capsules/ plant) (2016) and Bhadoria (1997).
 Economic injury level of sesame leaf webber and capsule borer Antigastra catalaunalis 737
Dwarka Prasad Athya and Anand Kumar Panday

Yield q/ha

Larvae/ plant
Fig. 1. Incidence of A. catalaunalis vs. seed yield in sesame
Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use

Table 1. Relationship between larval population vs. damages and seed yield in sesame
Treatments Larval Damage at Seed Seed Loss Avoidable
Entomological Society of India

incidence
30 DAS 45 DAS 70 DAS yield / yield in seed yield loss
No./ plant
Leaf Flower Capsule plant (q/ha) yield (%)
www.entosocindia.org

damage damage damage (g) (q/ha.)

(%) (%) (%)
T1 1 12.18 10.83 7.89 4.16 10.40 7.10 40.57
(20.42)* (19.19) (16.32)
T2 2 26.81 22.31 16.45 2.40 6.00 11.50 65.71
(31.18) (28.18) (23.92)
T3 3 37.20 37.08 30.16 1.52 3.80 13.70 78.29
(37.59) (37.51) (33.31)
T4 4 47.65 52.08 44.17 0.76 1.90 15.60 89.14
(43.65) (46.20) (41.65)
T5 5 59.72 68.75 60.45 0.34 0.85 16.65 95.14
(50.60) (56.04) (51.03)
T6 6 72.97 83.33 80.67 0.12 0.30 17.20 98.29
(58.68) (65.99) (63.92)
T7 Control 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 17.50 - 0.00
(0/plant) (4.05) (4.05) (4.05)
T8 No cage 30.44 35.32 21.56 2.22 5.55 11.95 68.29
(2.38/ plant) (33.48) (36.45) (27.65)
T9 Foliar spray- 4.87 5.42 5.55 6.64 16.60 0.90 5.14
profenophos 50 EC (12.72) (13.44) (13.62)
(0.45/ plant)
SEm ± 17.72 20.17 19.81 0.72 1.22
C. D. (p = 0.05) 53.14 60.48 59.39 2.15 3.65
CV (%) 10.50 11.38 12.64 8.19 9.44
*Figures in parentheses angular transformed values

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

The authors acknowledge the Project Coordinator Ahuja D B, Kalyan R K. 2002. Losses in seed yield due to insect pests
in different varieties of sesame, Sesamum indicum L. Annals of
AICRP Sesame and Niger (ICAR), College of Plant Soil Research 4(1): 99-103.
Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur for providing the Anonymous. 2018. 4th Advance estimates, Agriculture Statistics
laboratory and field facilities. Division, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi.
 738 Indian Journal of Entomology 82(4) 2020

Bayissa G W. 2010. Adoption of improved sesame varieties in Meisso leaf hopper on soyabean in Iowa. Journal of Economic Entomology
District, West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. M. Sc. Thesis, Haramaya 67: 29-32.
University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
Shrivastava N, Duhoon S S, Raghuwanshi K M S, Fernandez M J. 2002.
Bhadoria R K. 1997. Integrated approaches for the management of Testing of different germplasm lines of sesame against leaf roller
Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) along with population and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis. Sesame and Safflower
dynamics and varietal susceptibility of Asphondylia sesami Felt Newsletter 17: 69-70.
on sesamum. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Gujarat Agricultural University,
Singh K M. 1987. Economic injury level of the sesame leaf webber
Junagadh.
Antigastra catalaunalis dup in Delhi India. Indian Journal of Plant
Egonyu J P, Kyamanywa S, Anyanga W, Ssekabembe C K. 2005. Review Protection 15 (2): 136-141.
of pests and diseases of sesame in Uganda. African Crop Science
Stone J D, Pedigo L P. 1972. Development of economic injury level
Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7. pp. 1411-1416, Kampala, Uganda.
of green clover worm on soybean in Iowa. Journal of Economic
Manisegaran S, Manimegalai N, Pushpa, J., Mohammed S E N. 2001. Entomology 65: 197-201.
Non-preference mechanism of resistance in sesame to shoot
Wazire N S, Patel J I. 2016. Determination of economic injury
webber and capsule borer Antigastra catalaunalis. Annals of Plant
level (EIL) for leaf webber and capsule borer, A. catalaunalis
Protection Sciences 9 (1): 123-124.
(Duponchel) in sesamum. International Journal of Life Sciences,
Ogulana M O, Pedigo L P. 1974. Economic injury levels of the potato Special Issue A6.

(Manuscript Received: April, 2020; Revised: July, 2020;

Accepted: August, 2020; Online Published: August, 2020)
Member's Copy, Not for Commercial Use

Online published (Preview) in www.entosocindia.org Ref. No. 20089

Entomological Society of India
www.entosocindia.org