Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Chemistry (WCH16)
Paper 01: Practical Skills in Chemistry II
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January 2022
Question Paper Log Number P70957A
Publications Code WCH16_01_2201_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as
they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather
than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero
marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader
must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
Using the mark scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This
does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean
allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of
principles and knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider
every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

 an idea of the types of response expected
 how individual marks are to be awarded
 the total mark for each question
 examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full
credit. ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but
helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected answer.

Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is
essential to the answer. ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong
answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later
part of the same question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make
sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases
which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct
context.
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(a)  [Cr(H2O)6]2+ Allow [CrCl(H2O)5]+ / [CrCl3(H2O)3] / [CrCl4(H2O)2]2 / 1
[CrCl5(H2O)]3 CrCl2(H2O)4
Allow [CrCl3] / [CrCl4]2
Allow ligands in any order
Allow omission of square brackets
Ignore name, even if incorrect
Ignore Cr2+(aq)
Do not award incorrect charge
Do not award omission of charge
Do not award [Cu(H2O)6]2+ or any other metal ion

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(b)  Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 Allow Cr(OH)3 1
Ignore square brackets
Ignore name, even if incorrect
Do not award any species containing NH3

If no other mark is scored in Q1 any correct transition metal

hydroxide formula scores (1)

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(c)  hydrogen peroxide / H2O2 Ignore alkali / sodium hydroxide / NaOH 1
Do not award any other additional reagents

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(d)  barium chromate((VI)) / BaCrO4 If oxidation state is given it must be correct 1
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(e)  orange Do not award any other answer 1

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(f)  green Allow blue-green / blue 1
Do not award violet
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(a)  C6H10O2 Allow elements in any order 1
Do not award any other answer

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(b) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 3

 Test 1 shows that X is an aldehyde /RCHO or ketone / RCOR (1) Accept carbonyl
Ignore C=O

 Test 2 shows that X cannot be oxidised / is not an aldehyde (1) Accept it is a ketone
Ignore ‘not an alcohol’

 Test 3 shows that X contains a methyl ketone (1) Accept methyl carbonyl / CH3CO / 2-one
/ CH3COR
Do not award aldehyde
Do not award methyl alcohol group / 2-ol
/ CH3CHOH

If the results are not clearly linked to the tests

or in the order given max (2)
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(c) Examples of correct structure: 2
 structure of hexane-2,5-dione (1)

 identification of the two proton environments (1) A B B A

CH3COCH2CH2COCH3

M2 may be awarded if an incorrect formula is given that has

two CH3CO groups and only two proton environments with
both labelled Allow A B
e.g CH3COCH2COCH2CH3
(which has two singlets but also a triplet
and a quartet) for M1 and M2

Accept any clear method of identifying

the two proton environments
Allow any type of structure or
combination of structures
Penalise omission of H atoms in
either (with proton environments labelled) scores M2 displayed structures once only
throughout Q2

Ignore name, even if incorrect

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(d)(i)  (Y is) carboxylic acid / COOH / CO2H Do not award just ‘acid’ 1
Accept RCOOH
Allow carboxyl / carboxylic group if COOH
shown in the structures in (d)(ii)

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(d)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Example of correct structures: 2

 structure of 2-ethylbutanoic acid (1)

(C2H5)2CHCOOH

 structure of 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid (1)

(CH3)3CCH2COOH

Accept structures in either order

Allow any type of structure

Ignore names, even if incorrect

Ignore any reference to the number of carbon/proton
environments, even if incorrect

If no other mark awarded, two carboxylic acid structures with

molecular formula C6H12O2 scores (1)
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(d)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: Accept correct peak areas 2

 (Structure 1) 2-ethylbutanoic acid has four peaks (1) Allow structure 1 has peak area ratio 6:4:1:1
and structure 2 peak area ratio is 9:2:1(2)
OR
Allow structure 1 has only one singlet (plus
 (Structure 2) 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid has three peaks (1) other peaks) and structure 2 has three singlets
(only)
OR
Allow structure 1 has highest peak showing 6
protons and structure 2 has highest peak
showing 9 protons

Allow any unambiguous reference to Structure

1 and Structure 2 from (d)(ii)

Ignore just structures have different numbers of

peaks
Ignore any references to chemical shift
and to splitting patterns

TE on (d)(ii) for any carboxylic acids with six

carbon atoms
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(e)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 fruity smell indicates that Z is an ester (1) Allow RCOOR / RCO2R / COO
Do not award just CO2

 (IR spectrum shows peak at) 1750-1735 (cm1) Allow peak in the range 1750-1735 (cm1)
and could be ester or aldehyde
(due to C=O) ester (1) Ignore (C=O) peak around 1735 (cm1) is too
high to be a ketone or carboxylic acid

Ignore identification of CH alkane peak

Ignore references to the fingerprint region

Do not award identification of CH alkene

Do not award identification of CH aldehyde
Do not award identification of OH
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(e)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Example of correct structure: 3

Allow any type of formula

 correct structure of 2-propyl propanoate (1)
Ignore name, even if incorrect
Allow any unambiguous identification of proton
 correct indication of proton environments M and K (1) environments
TE on M2 and M3 for ethyl 2-methylpropanoate:
 correct indication of proton environments J and L (1)

Allow skeletal formulae e.g.

K L
TE for the splitting pattern on incorrect structures with
an ester group attached to an ethyl group (M2) or a
J methylethyl (isopropyl) group (M3)
(Total for Question 2 = 16 marks)
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(a)  (to ensure the) reactants are (well) mixed Accept (to ensure a) uniform / homogeneous solution 1
Ignore to make sure that no reactants remain in beaker Q
Do not award to make sure that all the reactants react
Do not award other explanations

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the Ignore reference to white precipitate (of 2,4,6-tribromophenol) 2
following points: Ignore any reference to the concentration/amount of phenol

 to react with bromine/Br2 (1) Allow to remove the bromine/Br2

Do not award as a solvent
Do not award to provide H+

 to delay the colour change (1) Allow to prevent an immediate colour change/bleaching of methyl orange
Allow the methyl orange is bleached when all the phenol is used up

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(ii)  pink Accept red 1

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(iii) An answer that makes reference to the following point: 1

 temperature also affects rate Allow temperature also affects rate constant
Allow temperature is a control variable
Allow the temperature must be constant
Ignore to ensure a fair test
Ignore reference to thermicity of the reaction
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(c)(i)  table complete with both 1/t values to 2 SF Example of completed table: 1
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(c)(ii) Example of graph: 3

Do not award M1 if variables plotted the wrong way

round

 axes labelled correctly with units and suitable scale (1) Points plotted must cover at least 50% of the graph in
both directions

 all points plotted correctly (1) Allow error margin of ± one small square
TE on 1/t values from (c)(i)

 straight line of best fit passing through the origin Allow BFL which would pass through the origin if
and extrapolated
missing anomalous point at 10 cm3 KBr (1) Do not award M3 if axes do not start at 0,0

TE on points plotted provided line goes through the

origin
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(c)(iii)  (Because) the (total) volume (of liquid / solution in the Allow 40 cm3 or 10 cm3 for same 1
reaction flask) remains the same (for each run) Allow as volume of KBr is the only variable
Ignore as moles is proportional to volume
Do not award concentration is proportional to volume

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(c)(iv)  first order Allow 1st/1 for first 1
No TE on (c)(ii)
Ignore explanations

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(d) Allow r for Rate 1
Allow KBr for Br−and KBrO3 for BrO3−
 rate = k[Br−](1)[BrO3](1)[ H+]2 TE on (c)(iv)
Ignore units given for k, even if incorrect
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect
Do not award () for []
Do not award omission of ‘Rate =’
Do not award omission of k

(Total for Question 3 = 12 marks)

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(a) An answer which makes reference to the following points: 2

 concentrated hydrochloric acid is corrosive (1) Allow just acid is corrosive

Ignore hydrochloric acid is toxic / harmful

Ignore any reference to granulated tin

and / or glass

 nitrobenzene is toxic (by skin absorption) (1) Do not award nitrobenzene is toxic by
inhalation
Do not award nitrobenzene is corrosive
Do not award phenylamine is toxic

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(b)(i) An answer which makes reference to the following points: 1

 (tin is a) reducing agent / reductant Do not award catalyst

Do not award oxidising agent

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(b)(ii) An answer which makes reference to the following point: 1

 (initial precipitate is) tin(IV) hydroxide / Sn(OH)4 Allow just tin hydroxide
Do not award SnOH
or Do not award tin(III) hydroxide /
Sn(OH)3
(initial precipitate is) tin(II) hydroxide / Sn(OH)2 If name and formula are given both must
be correct
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(c) An answer which makes reference to the following point: 1

 the water contains phenylamine Allow any indication that phenylamine and water are
partially miscible

Allow the phenylamine contains water

Allow distillate is an emulsion
phenylamine is slightly soluble in water

Ignore water just is present

Ignore just ‘organic compound and water’

Do not award phenylamine is insoluble in water

Do not award phenylamine is immiscible in water
Do not award distillate is insoluble in aqueous layer
Do not award phenylamine is soluble in water

Do not award any other substances

Do not award phenylamine cannot H-bond with water
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(d) An answer which makes reference to the following point: 1

 to aid separation (of the layers) Accept to decrease the solubility of phenylamine (in the
aqueous layer)
Allow to salt out the phenylamine
Allow to increase the density of the aqueous layer
Allow to increase polarity of solution

Do not award drying agent / remove water

Do not award to neutralise acidity
Do not award to make the liquid clear
Do not award to remove impurities
Do not award to make the solution saturated
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(e)(i) A diagram showing: M1 and M2 are independent marks 2

Example of diagram:

 separating funnel (1) The funnel must be capable of being stoppered but the stopper
does not need to be shown
Do not award omission of tap
Do not award filter funnel with or without tap / burette

 two layers with the lower layer labelled aqueous Allow aqueous layer labelled as water / sodium chloride
and solution
the upper layer labelled organic (1) Allow organic layer labelled as ether / phenylamine
Ignore nitrobenzene
Ignore volumes of each layer
Do not award any other number of layers
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(e)(ii) An answer which makes reference to the 1
following point:

 method for releasing pressure Invert (the funnel) and open the tap
Allow remove the stopper

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(f) An answer which makes reference to the 1
following point:

 drying agent Allow absorbs water

Ignore neutralisation reactions
Do not award to react with ether / nitrobenzene
Do not award dehydration

Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(g) An answer which makes reference to the following points: 2

 suitable heating method (1) Accept hot water bath / electrical heater
Do not award Bunsen burner

 ether is highly flammable (1) Allow ether will catch fire

Allow ‘it’ is highly flammable
Do not award reference to the flammability of any
other compound

If neither mark is scored, heat to 30-50ºC

and because ether will evaporate (and
phenylamine will remain) scores (1)
Ignore ‘distilled off’ Do not award steam distil
Question
Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(h) A calculation including: Example of calculation: 4

 mass of nitrobenzene (1) mass = 1.20  2.1 = 2.52 (g)

 moles of nitrobenzene (1) moles = 2.52  123.0 = 0.020488 / 2.0488  102(mols)

TE on M1
then:

 moles of phenylamine for 43% yield (1) moles = 0.020488 × 0.43 = 0.0088098 / 8.8098  103 (mols)
TE on M2

 experimental mass of phenylamine (1) yield = 0.0088098 × 93.0 = 0.8193 / 0.819 / 0.82/ 0.8 (g)
TE on M3
or

 mass of phenylamine for 100% yield (1) mass = 0.020488 × 93.0 = 1.9054 (g)
TE on M2

 experimental mass of phenylamine (1) yield = 1.9054 × 0.43 = 0.8193 / 0.819 / 0.82 / 0.8 (g)
TE on M3
Allow any valid calculation sequence
Ignore SF in the final answer

1.9054 (g) scores M1, M2 and M3

8.8098  103 (mol) scores M1, M2 and M3
Do not penalise correct intermediate rounding
(Total for Question 4 = 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS
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