Q6001N-SM(e)T1

Steam Turbine Manual

Content

1. Main data

2. Structure and performance of steam turbine

3. Main specification for erection

4. Specification for hot fastening bolt

5. Requirements for start-up, operation and maintenance

6. Requirements for marking, packing, store and transport

7. Rule for turbine oil

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Steam Turbine Manual

1. Main data

1.1 Model N110-8.83/535

1.2 Type high-pressure, double casing, impulse & condensing turbine

1.3 Governing type DEH with HP turbine oil

1.4 Rate power 110000kW

1.5 Rated speed 3000r/min

1.6 Rotation direction clockwise(see from turbine to generator)

1.7 Grid frequency 50Hz

1.8 Initial steam pressure 8.83MPa

1.9 Initial steam temperature 535℃

1.10 Exhaust pressure in rated condition 0.0118MPa

1.11 Cooling water temperature 30℃(Max.33℃)

1.12 Maximum steam flow 436 t/h

1.13 Rated steam flow 415t/h

1.14 Casing quantity 2

1.15 Stages in HP casing 1control stage +15 pressure stages

1.16 Stages in LP casing 2×5 pressure stages

1.17 Steam pressure from HP casing to LP casing in TRL condition

0.2413MPa

1.18 Outline of turbine(L×M×H) 14×6.9×4.695m

1.19 Regenerative stages 6

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1.20 HP heater 2 sets

1.21 HP deaerator 1 set

1.22 LP heater 3 sets

1.23 The maximum lifting high (from hook to operation floor): 6400mm

1.24 The maximum lifting weight during erection:

~138t(net weight of condenser)

1.25 The maximum lifting weight during maintenance:

32t(the upper of rear casing)

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2. Structure and performance of turbine

2.1 N110-8.83/535 type turbine is of high-pressure, impulse and

condensing turbine with double casings, single rotor and double

exhausts. The turbine drives the generator directly via a semi-flexible

coupling connecting the LP rotor and the generator rotor.

2.2 Live steam flow is governed by a nozzle block. Live steam, through

stop valve and 4 main steam pipes φ 219 × 20, flows into steam

chamber in the front of HP casing. Four control valves φ125mm govern

four nozzle groups respectively, opening and closing in order according

to loading change. The act of control valves is governed by HP

servomotor, is controlled by HP DEH also.

2.3 The turbine is divided into HP section and LP one. The HP section

consists of the front part and the rear one, which are bolted together via

a vertical flange. The LP section consists of a couple of symmetrical

casings and a middle part. The HP exhaust is led into the middle of LP

section via twoφ933×6 pipes, and then goes into two symmetrical path,

finally exhausted to condenser. There are special expansion joints on

the cross pipes to compensate the thermal expansion. A semi-flexible

coupling connects the HP rotor and LP rotor.

2.4 The front section of the HP casing is made of stable hot strength

casting alloy 15Cr2Mo1; the rear section casting steel ZG230-450.

Studs, used at the split surface, are made of forged alloy 25Cr2Mo1V
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and 20Cr1Mo1VnbTiB. The front and rear section of the HP casing are

supported at the front bearing house and rear casing respectively via

downwards paws.

2.5 There are 1 control stage and 15 pressure stages consisting of the

HP path. Wheels from the first to 12th are forged together with the HP

rotor, made of alloy 30Cr1Mo1V; wheels from 13th to 16th and the

coupling are shrunk on the rotor. All diaphragms in HP casing are

welded ones, and their blades are designed in three dimensions profile.

2.6 The rear casing is welded with steel sheet, fitted spray water device

in. There are 2×5 pressure stages symmetrical arranged in the LP path,

all wheels are shrunk on the LP rotor that is made of 34CrNi3Mo. All

diaphragms are cast structure, fitted radial sealing fins in to reduce the

leakage loss. Three-dimension design is applied in all blade profiles to

improve the set efficiency. All rotating blades have their own shroud.

The working length of the last stage blade is 665 mm. There is a loose

tie through the last row. To avoid water erosion, blades of the last two

stages are hardened with electric spark.

2.7 The turbine anchor point is at the center of the rear casing. The

cross point, which is formed by two horizontal keys each at the middle

seats of two sides of LP casing and one vertical key, is the anchor point.

The turbine body expands forwards along the anchor point, and towards

two sides evenly. The rotor expands backwards based on the axial
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bearing. The expansion difference of casing and rotor is monitored with

automatic alarm.

2.8 All bearings are ellipse ones. The front bearing compounds axial and

radial bearing. Platinum thermal resistances are used to measure

temperature, showed in digital in control room, of bearing pads and

return oil. There are local thermometers to show the temperature of the

front bearing pads and return oil.

2.9 A jacking device with HP oil is equipped to jack the shaft to form lube

films at contact surfaces between bearing pad and rotor during the set

start-up and stopping so as to reduce barring torque, eliminate dry

friction to prolong the bearing life.

2.10 A mechanical barring device, in 4r/min, is fitted in rear bearing

house and engaged safely. When the shaft speed is over the barring

one, the barring device is automatically off and interlocked. The motor

power of the barring device is large enough to suit different situations.

Pay attention to the following items during barring. The motor power is

large enough to suit different situations. Pay attention to following items

during barring.

The barring device can’t be engaged until the jacking device is

switched on to protect bearing pads from dry friction.

Engage the barring device as soon as the set is stopped. The

barring can intermit when the temperature at the lower of HP casing is

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less than 200℃. The barring can be stopped when it is less than 150℃.

The barring device can’t be engaged until the shaft speed is zero;

otherwise, the gears shall be damaged.

2.11 The diaphragm sealing and shaft sealing are labyrinth. There are

labyrith sealings at the top of rotating blades to reduce the leakage loss.

2.12 The enclosure is divided into several segments properly.

2.13 The mail oil pump is fitted in the front bearing house, driven by

turbine rotor via a gear coupling. It provides oil for safety system and

two oil injectors.

2.14 The oil supply system includes oil tank, HP start-up pump, AC/DC

lube pump and two oil injectors.

2.15 The smoke vent is fixed at the top of oil tank, including air gate,

elbow, oil/smoke separator, valves, etc. The opening of air gate can be

adjusted to maintain the pressure within 9.8～19.6×10-6 Mpa in the

bearing house and oil tank.

2.16 The turbine oil can be turbine oil 32 or 46. There are following

auxiliary oil pumps in oil system:

2.16.1 One HP oil pump supplies oil to safety system and lube system

during the set starts up.

2.16.2 AC pump switches on automatically to provide lube when the

lube pressure is lower than 0.055Mpa during the set runs. DC pump

switches on automatically when the pressure less than 0.045Mpa.

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2.17 The governing system applies DEH with HP fire-resistant turbine oil,

and details refer to relevant manual.

2.18 The regenerative system includes two HP heaters, one HP

deaerator, three LP heaters and one condenser. The cooling water

temperature is 30℃ (maximum 33℃). Details on thermal system and

auxiliary refer to relevant manual.

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4. Specifications for hot fastening bolt

4.1.1 To get durable tightness bolts used at the HP section and stop

valve shall be fastened in hot condition.

4.1.2 Following bolts shall be fastened in hot condition:

Bolts at the front section of HP casing:

M120×4 ( 14 pieces); M100×4 (8 pieces)

Bolts at the rear section of HP casing: M72×4 (8 pieces)

Bolts at the stop valve: M76×4 (18 pieces)

4.1.3 Bolts get a pre-strength by being hot fastened to ensure that they

will not loosen during the set runs and keep tightness of contact surface

of casings and stop valve. The process is as follow:

4.1.4 First pair bolts and nuts off after spread sulphidic molybdenum on

them to ensure that each nut in pair can be screwed down smoothly by

hand with less than 0.04 mm clearance between nut end and flange of

casing and more than 3mm spare length on the top of bolt.

4.1.5 Pair of bolt and nut shall be screwed repeatedly with graphite

power to make the screw surface shining in jet black, and then blow off

graphite power and keep cleaning.

4.1.6 Fasten bolts with a moment of a 2m lever by hand in cold

condition, hammering is forbidden. To eliminate the clearance at split

surface of casing, fastening shall be started at the middle of the casing

where there is the biggest clearance, and then carried out

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symmetrically.

4.1.7 Put bolt heaters in holes of bolt after above steps. When bolts

expand to required length, screw nuts to required angle with spanner

smoothly. Forbid heating bolts with flame. To avoid thread seizing,

working length of heater shall equal the neck length of bolt to ensure

bolt thread shall be not heated and keep in lower temperature.

Data sheet for hot fastening bolt:

Bolt dia. Heating Heating Nut turn Nut turn arc Nut OD
mm length temp. angle mm mm
mm ℃ φ°
M120 0.778 268 72 107 170
M100 0.722 258 57 72 145
M76 0.45 210 40 38.5 110
M72 0.33 184 30 29.5 105
4.1.8 Nut turn angle and arc showed above are design volume, they can

be enlarged to 15%～20% actually considering casing distortion and

sealing material thinning during set running.

4.1.9 Fasten bolt again to increase the bolt stress during the set

maintenance when the bolt stress reduced to tightness force after the

set runs for a while. But this method can seldom be carried out.

4.2 Dismantling nut

Nuts can only be dismantled while heating. The process is as follow:

4.2.1 Clean nuts, screw off plugs at the top of nut, and blow heating

holes thoroughly.

4.2.2 The process of dismantling nuts will be started when the

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temperature of casing flange is less than100℃. Fit in heaters. Screw off

nuts easily when bolts expand to required volume as data sheet showed

above.

4.2.3 Stop heating bolts when following situations happen:

4.2.3.１ Heating time is over normal one and the nut can’t be turned

when it shows with a feeler that the nut end has left the flange.

4.2.3.2 The nut has loosen and been turned over one round, but can’t

be turned any more, and then heating shall be stopped.

4.2.4 Don't screw nuts off with a lengthening spanner with

above-mentioned situations (item 4.2.3). First nuts shall be cool down

for 1 to 3 hours, then heated the bottom of nuts roundly with a welding

torch of size 6 or 7, when the metal temperature is up to 400℃, try to

turn. If the nut can’t be screwed off, it shall be heated to following

temperature according to nut material respectively:

Nut Material Temperature

M120×4 25Cr2Mo1V 670℃

M100×4 25Cr2MoVA 670℃

M76×4 35CrMoA 600℃

M76×4 25Cr2MoVA 670℃

At that moment, the metal becomes wine-colored. If it can’t be

screwed off, that shows that thread has seized seriously and has to be

dismantled by force and perhaps broken it.

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4.2.5 Screw the nut off; compare the marking on the nut, bolt and gasket.

Keep them in groups according to marking No.

5. Turbine start-up and stop

5.1 Explanation about start-up

5.1.1 The start-up method is decided by the metal temperature at the

lower part of casing at the control stage.

Cold start-up: ≤150℃ Warm start-up: 150℃~300℃;

Hot start-up: 300℃~400℃ Over hot start-up: ≥400℃

Generally, warm start-up and hot one all name as hot start-up.

5.1.2 The steam pressure showed in the manual is absolute pressure,

and oil pressure is gauge pressure.

5.2 Checking before start-up

5.2.1 Checking:

a. Switch on DEH, check whether all function modules run well;

b. Test TST;

c. Test control room and local instruments;

d. Ensure oil level of lube oil tank and control oil tank at the highest

position, and test oil level alarm system;

e. Ensure all auxiliary oil pumps run and shift well;

f. Ensure oil pumps for control system run and shift well;
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g. Ensure lube temperature, pressure and level normal;

h. Ensure control oil temperature, pressure and level normal;

i. Ensure jacking oil pump runs well;

j. Ensure the smoke vent runs well. The pressure in oil tank shall be

within －200~－250Pa when smoke vent turned on; otherwise too low

pressure may cause water or dust being sucked into the oil tank.

k. Ensure safety system runs well;

l. Ensure control oil system runs well;

m. Ensure the shaft has been jacked with jacking oil pump running,

then turn on barring decive;

n. Ensure there is no any bend with rotors after barring, and

monitor whether there is any friction noise with rotating parts;

Notice: the rotor deflection at special point shall be not more than

0.03 mm measured with a mechanical instrument at site.

o. Close the vacuum breaker and all drain valves. Feed water into

the hot well of the condenser, turn on vacuum pump, run the

condenser. And then ensure the condensing system runs well.

p. Ensure all solenoid gates in drain system can be opened and

closed normally;

q. Carry linkage test on;

r. Calibrate the data of spray water system after switch on the

extraction water pump. The spray water system switches on

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automatically when the exhaust temperature is more than 85℃.

s. Adjust automatic stop valve and control valves in static state.

t. Test the protection function of axial displacement before the shaft

accelerated.

u. All above items refer to relevant manuals if there are.

v. The waiting period after testing to start-up shall be not more

than10 days.

5.2.2 Preparations before start-up:

a. Power the DEH, and it runs well.

b. Switch on start lube pump and jacking pump, and ensure them

running well.

c. Turn on control oil pump.

d. Check lube system and control oil system, DEH, TSI and barring

device again.

e. Turn on the barring device for 1～2h before accelerate the shaft

so as to eliminate the potential hot bending of the shaft.

f. After ensuring there is no water in sealing pipeline, turn on

auxiliary steam source of sealing system. The steam in the sealing

header shall be about 0.12Mpa, 150℃～260℃.

g. Pre-test the motorized gate in live steam system, open and close

it by hand and motor respectively.

h. Open all drain valves when the condenser runs normally and its
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vacuum maintains about 0.067Mpa;

i. Send steam to gland sealing system when the vacuum reaches

the required volume 0.067 Mpa for accelerating rotor;

j. Send steam to gland sealing and vent air of gland sealing to

maintain a circle of sent and vented steam so as to prevent the leakage

along the shaft end because of too high pressure of sealing steam;

k. Open drain valves at the shell of stop valve, pipes and casing;

l. Restore the emergency trip governor, open the automatic stop

valve and control valves when the vacuum reaches the design volume,

and prepare to accelerate the shaft with bypass steam;

m. In any situations, the following items shall be under control:

1) The ratio of temperature raise of the wall of stop valve shall be

not greater than 2～3℃/min;

2) The ratio of temperature raise at the casing wall shall be not

greater than 3～4℃/min;

3) The temperature difference of the lower and upper at control

stage shall be less than 50℃;

4) The temperature difference of the inside and outside wall of

casing shall be less than 80℃;

5) The temperature different of inside and outside wall of flange

shall be less than 100℃;

6) The temperature of flange and bolt shall be less than 30℃;

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7) The expansion difference shall be within +3.5mm～-1.5mm at

HP section; +5mm～-2.5mm at LP section.

n. The lube temperature shall be greater than 25℃; and generally,

it shall be within 35℃～45℃.

5.3 Forbid to start up and run the set in following states:

5.3.1There is a failure of safety device, such as the protection of

lower lube, or axial displacement, or backpressure can’t work normally.

5.3.2 The acting volume for protection does not follow the

initialization.

5.3.3 The speed governor can’t control the running speed under the

trip speed during the idle running of the set or after the load ejection of

the set.

5.3.4 The stop valve or control valve is seized or can’t close tightly.

5.3.5 The rotor bending is greater than 0.03mm.

5.3.6 There are some clear noise of metal friction during barring, or

the current of barring motor enlarges evidently or changes greatly;

5.3.7 There is any failure in main monitoring instruments such as

probes for measuring speed, vibration, axial displacement, expansion

difference, lube pressure, control oil pressure, oil temperature at the

outlet of oil cooler, pressure and temperature of live steam, exhaust

pressure, local instruments, pressure switch for safety system,

thermocouples.
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5.3.8 There is any failure in AC/DC oil pump, control oil pump, jacking

oil pump and barring gear.

5.3.9 The performance of lubes or control oil does not follow the

requirement. The lube temperature at inlet of bearings is not within

normal range, and the temperature of return lube is too high.

5.3.10 The oil level in oil tank is lower than requirement one.

5.3.11There is any failure in regenerative system such as control for

the level of deaerator, pressure self-adjustor, or feeding water pump.

5.3.12 There is water hammering or flowing into the turbine.

5.3.13 The thermal insulation does not work very well.

5.3.14 There is any item beyond the limited one (refer to clause 7.2

maintenance and checking during operation) during start-up and

running.

5.3.15 The quality of water or steam does not accord with

GB/T12145-1999 Codes of Water and Steam for Power Plant.

5.3.16 DEH failure

5.3.17 The temperature in oil tank or control oil tank is lower

than18℃.

5.4 Cold start-up with rated live steam

5.4.1 Checking and preparations before start-up refer to clause 5.2.

5.4.2 Warming pipeline and steam turbine completely is essential with

rated live steam under cold situation. Close motorized stop vale and
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by-pass gate, warm pipeline before the motorized valve with saturated

steam of 0.5～0.6Mpa, 160℃ for 40min.

5.4.3 Raise the pressure of the saturated steam when the

temperature of the pipe wall is near 150℃, and the rate of pressure

raise shall be 0.1MPa/min when the pressure of the saturated steam is

less than 1.5Mpa; 0.2MPa/min when within 1.5～4Mpa. At the same

time, the rate of temperature raise shall be less than 5℃/min.

5.4.4 When the steam temperature of the pipe wall before the

motorized valve is 70 ～ 100℃ higher than the saturated steam

temperature, the steam pressure in the pipeline can raise to the rated

pressure.

5.4.5 To avoid bigger temperature difference and rotor thermal

bending caused by leakage during warming pipeline, the motorized stop

valve and by-pass gate shall be closed tightly.

5.4.6 Ensure that there is no bending with the rotor and the runout at

the journal is within allowance range before the rotor accelerated.

5.4.7Open the stop valve and control valves completely, and

accelerate the rotor via bypass pipe so as to heat the casing evenly in

this method.

5.4.8 Keep the speed about 500r/min to carry out following checking.

a. Listen to make sure that there is no noise of metal friction out of

the casing inside;

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b. Check the vibration of all bearings;

c. Check the exhaust vacuum;

d. Check temperature of all bearing pads and return oil;

e. The barring gear shall switch off automatically when the rotor

speed is greater than barring speed;

5.4.9 Make the set run at 500r/min for 5～10min after all items above

are normal. Accelerate the rotor to 1200～1400r/min under a rate of

100 ～ 150r/min, then warm the set for 20 ～ 30min to do following

checking:

a. Ensure the jacking oil pump has been stopped;

b. Ensure all instruments show normally;

c. Ensure the control oil pressure is within the setting range;

5.4.10 Control strictly the temperature difference between the inside

and outside of the casing wall, the one between flange and bolt, the

expansion difference between left and right side of casing and the

expansion of the casing to ensure they all be within the allowance

range. If there is any beyond the allowance one, it shall be eliminated

by relevant method.

5.4.11 Accelerate the rotor to 2200～2400r/min rapidly after all above,

and then warm the set for 20min. Accelerate the rotor to 3000r/min

under the rate of 100～150r/min when the temperature of casing and

flange at inside wall is 180℃.

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5.4.12 Observe the set vibration carefully during the rotor accelerated

quickly, especially passing the critical speed. The exhaust pressure shall

be lower than 0.035Mpa when the rotor speed is greater than

2500r/min.

5.4.13 Stop the start-up oil pump when the rotor speed is about

2800r/min and the oil pressure at the outlet of main oil pump is within

1.7～1.9MPa.

5.4.14 Govern the admission with control valves instead of by pass

gate when the rotor speeds from 2800r/min to 3000r/min.

5.4.15 Test the emergency trip governor when warming the set at the

speed of 3000r/min for 20～30min.

5.4.16 After all checking have finished and flaws free, the set must be

connected to the grid immediately.

5.4.17 Warm the set under 3%～5% of rated load for 30～40min.

5.4.18 Check the set completely to ensure everything is all right.

Raise the load under a rate of 1.2MW/min evenly.

5.5 Warm start-up with rated live steam

5.5.1 All the checking and preparations before start-up refer to clause

5.2.

5.5.2 Pay attention to follows before accelerating rotor:

a. The live steam is under superheated condition and its

temperature is 50℃ greater than the metal temperature of casing wall at

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the lower of control stage.

b. The rotor bending is less than 0.03mm, or the runout at the

journal is less than the allowance volume.

c. The metal temperature difference between the lower and upper

of casing at control stage is less than 50℃.

d. Turn on jacking oil pump and barring gear.

e. Send steam to gland sealing, and then vacuum when the

temperature of the upper of the casing wall at control stage is greater

than 100℃.

f. Send high temperature steam to front gland sealing when the

expansion difference is greater than -1mm.

g. Heat lube to 35℃～45℃ before accelerating rotor.

5.5.3 Due to the casing being heated, a throttle admission can be

used during start-up.

5.5.4 Check follows when the set is running at 500r/min for 5～10min:

a. Ensure there is no noise of metal friction out of the inside of

casings;

b. Check the vibration of every bearing;

c. Check the exhaust vacuum;

d. Check the temperature of all bearing pads and return oil;

e. Barring gear turns off automatically when the rotor speed is

greater the barring speed.

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5.5.5 Accelerate the rotor to 1200～1400r/min under a rising rate of

150r/min～200r/min when all above are all right, and then warm the set

for 5～10min to carry out the following checking:

a. Ensure that the jacking oil pump has stopped.

b. Ensure that all instruments run well

c. Ensure that the control oil pressure is within allowance range

5.5.6 Accelerate the rotor to 3000r/min after finishing above checking,

and warm the set for 15min.

5.5.7 The spray water system shall switch on automatically when the

exhaust temperature is higher than 85℃. Otherwise this device shall be

switched on by hand.

5.5.8 Connect the set to the grid immediately after over-speed testing.

5.5.9 Warm the set under 3%～5% of rated load after parallel-in. The

initial metal temperature of warm start-up decides the warming time.

5.5.10 Raise the power to rate one under a rising rate of 3MW/min.

5.6 Hot and over hot start-up with rated steam:

5.6.1 All checking and preparation before start-up refer to clause 5.2

5.6.2 Ensure follows before accelerating rotor:

a. Live steam is superheated and higher than the metal

temperature of the lower of the casing at control stage. The live steam

temperature is 450℃ at hot condition; 460℃ at over hot condition.

b. The rotor bending is less than 0.03mm, or the runout of the

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journal is less than the allowance volume.

c. The temperature difference between the lower and the upper of

the casing at control stage is less than 50℃.

d. Ensure that the jacking oil pump and barring gear run well.

e. First send steam to the gland sealing, then vacuum it. It shall be

0.123Mpa and 280～350℃ at the header of sealing pipe.

f. Send high temperature steam to the gland sealing when the

expansion difference is beyond -1mm.

g. Heat the lube to 35℃～45℃ before accelerating rotor.

5.6.3 A new steam through a deaerator shall be sent to the equalizer

to raise the temperature of gland sealing at over hot start-up (refer to

the Drawing of Sealing System Q6001N0025).

5.6.4 Use the throttle valves (admission along all arc) to accelerate

the rotor.

5.6.5 Run the set at 500r/min to check follows:

a. Ensure that there is no noise of metal friction out of the inside of

the casing;

b. Ensure that vibration of every bearing is within the allowance

range;

c. Check the condenser vacuum to prevent condenser form being

full of water or no water;

d. Ensure the temperature of bearing pads and return oil is within

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allowance range;

e. Ensure that the barring gear has switched off automatically when

the barring speed is greater than the barring speed.

5.6.6 Accelerate the rotor to 3000r/min with a rising rate of 200r/min at

hot condition; 300r/min at over hot condition. At the same time,

ensure that the vibration of the set is within allowance range when the

rotor runs through the critical speed.

5.6.7 Carry out follows during accelerating rotor:

a. Ensure that the jacking oil pump has been stopped;

b. Ensure that all instruments run well;

c. Switching on mail oil pump instead of start-up oil one has been

finished;

d. Ensure that lube system and control oil system run well;

e. The spray water system switches on automatically when the

exhaust temperature is beyond 85℃. Otherwise it shall be switched on

by hand.

5.6.8 Connect the set to the grid immediately after the over-speed

test.

5.6.9 Warm the set under 3%～5% of the rated power. It will take a

shorter time due to the whole temperature of the set is higher at that

condition.

5.6.10 Raise the set to rated power under a rising rate of load of
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4.8MW/min at hot condition; 5MW/min at over hot condition.

5.7 Cold start-up with slide parameter of steam at cold condition

5.7.1 Preparations before start-up refer to clause 5.2.

5.7.2 Turn on AC start-up pump and jacking oil pump. Ensure that the

lube system runs well. Turn on control oil system and ensure that it

runs well.

5.7.3 Engage the barring gear to make sure that the rotor has been

barred for more than 2 hours before accelerating rotor.

5.7.4 Vacuum to lower than 35kPa.

5.7.5 Open the auxiliary steam source to make the header of sealing

pipe under 0.124MPa,120℃～180℃ after ensuring that there is no

water in the sealing pipeline.

5.7.6 Open all drain valves of pipes and bodies.

5.7.7 Pre-warm the HP casing and main steam pipe.

5.7.8 Ensure the steam parameters as follows:

Live steam pressure: 1.0MPa

Live steam temperature:280℃ ±10℃ (with over 50℃ superheating)

5.7.9 Open the HP control valves. The barring gear shall switch off

automatically after accelerating rotor; otherwise the set shall be stopped

immediately by pushing the emergency trip valve.

5.7.10 Accelerate the rotor to 500r/min under a rising rate of

100r/min/min. Ensure that there is no any friction between the rotating

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parts and static parts, and it will not take more than 5min.

5.7.11 Accelerate the rotor to 1200r/min under a rising rate of

100r/min, and then warm the set for 10min.

5.7.12 The vibration at any bearing house shall be not great than

0.03mm when the rotor is running through the critical speed. Otherwise

the set shall be stopped by push the emergency trip valve. The set can’t

be started up until this has been eliminated.

5.7.13 Accelerate the set to 2500r/min under a rising rate of 100～

150r/min ( stop the jacking oil pump when the rotor speed is beyond

1200r/min), and then warm the set for 10 min.

5.7.14Accelerate the rotor to 3000r/min under a rising rate of 100～

150r/min. Warm the set under no load for 30min. The spray water

system shall switch on automatically when the exhaust temperature is

beyond 85℃. The exhaust pressure shall be less than 30kPa; otherwise

the vacuum protection shall act.

5.7.15 Carry out tests as per relevant documents. Raise the load to

20% of rated power and run for more than 3 hours before testing the

flying-ball act. Connect the set to the grid after all testing is passed.

5.7.16 After being connected to the grid, the set loads 3% of rated

power automatically via the control system. Raise load to 10MW

according to the Start-up Curve of Slide Parameters at Cold Condition

with a rising rate of 1MW/min, and warm the set for 60 minutes under
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that condition. And then make the boiler raise temperature and pressure,

open control valves, raise load to 40MW with a rising rate of 1.3MW/min,

operate the set for 60 minutes under that condition.

5.7.17 Make the boiler raise temperature and pressure continually,

raise the load to rated power under a rising rate of 1.3MW/min.

5.7.18 Maintain the live steam parameters and the metal

temperatures within the allowance range, meanwhile, keep observing

the spray water device operation.

5.7.19 Push the emergency trip valve immediately to stop the set if

the vibration at the bearing house is more than 0.03 mm when the set is

running through the first critical speed, and keep barring the set. The set

can’t be reset until the cause has been found out and eliminated. During

the set accelerated, the vibration at the bearing house shall be less than

0.10 mm (peak-peak volume) and the vibration of the rotor shall be less

than 0.25 mm (peak-peak volume); otherwise the set must be shutdown

by pushing the emergency trip valve.

5.7.20 During accelerating and loading, any abnormal situation occurs,

the set must be stopped by pushing the emergency stop valve or reduce

the rotor speed till the set gets normal.

5.7.21 Close the drain gates at HP, IP and LP section respectively

when the loading reaches 10%, 20% and 30% of the rated power.

5.8 Hot startup with sliding parameters

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5.8.1 Preparations before startup refer to item 5.2.

5.8.2 Turn on HP startup oil pump and jacking oil pump, and ensure

that the lube system runs well. Turn on the control oil pump, and ensure

than the control oil system run well.

5.8.3 Bar the set constantly during the period from stopping to

restoring the set.

5.8.4 Send the gland sealing steam prior to accelerating the set, and

then turn on the vent of the sealing condenser to make that in the

sealing header the pressure is 0.124 Mpa, temperature 250℃～350℃.

5.8.5 After gland sealing system runs well, the vacuum of exhaust

shall be set up under 35kPa.

5.8.6 Open completely all drain valves at pipeline and body.

5.8.7 The sliding parameters of hot startup

Live steam pressure: 3.6MPa

Live steam temperature: 440℃ ±10℃

5.8.8 The barring device shall switch off automatically when the rotor

speed is greater than the barring speed. Otherwise the set shall be

stopped immediately.

5.8.9 Check the running clearances to ensure that there is no any

friction when the set is running at the speed of 500r/min and the check

valve of HP exhaust is opened widely. But it shall take less than 5

minutes for the whole period.

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5.8.10 After ensuring all are running well, accelerate the rotor to rated

speed with a rising rate of 250r/min. Now the spray water system shall

switch on automatically if the exhaust temperature is greater than 85℃,

and the lower vacuum protection system will act if the exhaust pressure

is greater than 30kPa. The set can be connected to the grid (the jacking

oil pump shall stopped automatically when the rotor speed is

1200r/min).

5.8.11 Raise the load to the rated one with a rising rate of 5MW/min.

5.8.12 Close the drain gate of HP, IP and LP section respectively

when the set reaches 10%, 20% and 30% of the rated power.

5.8.13 Stop the set by pushing the emergency trip valve if the

vibration at any bearing house is greater than 0.03 mm when the rotor

speed is less than the first critical one. Engage the barring device

constantly to find out the cause, start up the set again when the cause

has been eliminated. Notice: the set shall be running through the first

critical speed smoothly with peak-peak vibrations less than 0.10mm at

any bearing house and 0.25 mm at bearing journals.

5.8.14 Due to quick cooling down of stop valve and control valves,

pay attention to temperature difference between the inner and outer of

valve wall to avoid heating too quick. .

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5.9 Stopping the set with steam of rated parameters

5.9.1 Preparations before stopping:

a. Turn on AC startup oil pump, AC/DC lube oil pump to ensure

than they can run well and make them standby. Otherwise the set

stopping can’t be carried out.

b. Idle running of barring motor is in normal state.

c. Ensure that there is no valve seizing with stop valve, control

valves and extraction check valves.

d. Warm up pipelines of steam source for gland sealing and

deaerator.

e. Ensure the heating user has gotten heating source from another

supplier.

f. Notify the main control room and boiler controller.

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5.9.2 Generally, stopping set with steam of rated parameters only is

applied when the set is stopped temporary; stopping by nozzle control

mode would be better when the set is stopped to maintain because the

metal temperature is much lower in that mode so it will take a shorter

time to cool down the set. It would be better to apply throttle control

mode for a peak unit or temporary stopping as in that mode the metal

temperature is much higher and the set can be reset quickly.

5.9.3 Reduce the load evenly. The reducing rate of load depends on

the metal temperature to maintain it within 1.5～2℃/min. Generally,

the reducing rate of load is 0.3～0.5MW/min. Keep the set running at

a certain load for a while to make the casing and rotor reduce

temperature envely during reducing load.

5.9.4 Ensure that the expansion difference at HP section shall not

greater than -1.5mm and the one at LP section -2.5mm.

5.9.5 Ensure the steam temperature of gland sealing is high enough

to avoid negative expansion difference. In some situations, a higher

temperature steam source shall be sent to the gland sealing.

5.9.6 Reduce to 60% load of the rated power and keep the set

running in that situation for 30min. At the same time, stop sending

steam to the deaerator and suppling the extraction steam.

5.9.7 Reduce to 40% load of the rated power and keep the set

running in the situation for 30 min. At the same time, stop the HP
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heaters (LP heaters are stopped normally with the set).

5.9.8 Reduce to 10% of the rated power, and then run the set for a

while. In this situation, the steam flow is rather small. Close the

motorized stop valve and send steam via bypass pipe if the flow can’t

be governed very well with control valves.

5.9.9 Reduce the load to zero and disconnect the generator from the

grid quickly. All check valves in extraction and bleed pipelines shall be

closed automatically and quickly. Notice the rotor speed to avoid

over-speed.

5.9.10 Push the emergency trip valve to stop the automatic stop valve

and control valves. And then the set speed will slow down sharply. Pay

attention to the expansion difference of casing before pushing the

emergency trip valve.

5.9.11 After that, the AC lube oil pump shall switch on automatically.

Otherwise switch on it by hand. Record the idle time. It shall be about

17～22min without breaking the vacuum.

5.9.12 Switch on the jacking oil pump when the speed reduces to

1200r/ min.

5.9.13 open the vacuum breaker when the set idles to 300r/ min (the

vacuum breaker can not be opened when the boiler is not stopped).

Engage the barring device when the rotor speed is 0, and stop the

vacuum pump. Stop sending steam to gland sealing when the vacuum
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is 0.

5.9.14 Rotate the rotor for 180 degree each half an hour when the

temperature of the inner wall at the upper of the HP front casing drops

to about 200℃. Stop barring the rotor when it drops to 150℃, and stop

the jacking oil pump. Turn off the lube pump after 8 hours the barring

device has been stopped.

5.9.15 Stop venting after ensuring there is no smoke in the oil tank.

5.9.16 Pay attention to the followings during reducing load:

a. Monitor the vibration. Push the emergency trip valve immediately

and stop reducing the steam temperature and pressure when the set

vibrates abnormally.

b. Bar the rotor at intervals instead of continuous barring when there

is any friction noise during a continuous barring. If there is any hot

bending with the rotor, a periodic barring shall be carried out to eliminate

the bending. It shall be barred for over 4 hours after the bending has

been eliminated.

c. Protect the set form rotor bending and casing distortion caused by

entering cooling air and water after the set has been stopped.

d. Stop sending the leakage from the valve stem of the automatic

stop valve and control valves to thermal system during reducing load.

With the load reducing, they shall be blown to the atmosphere.

5.10 Stop the set with sliding steam parameters

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5.10.1 Preparations before stopping refer to clause 5.9.1.

5.10.2 Piping-main scheme is used in the set during normal operation.

To shorten the maintenance time, a sliding stopping shall be used.

5.10.3 Following steps shall be done during stopping with sliding

parameters:

a. The reducing rate of metal temperature shall be less than

1.5℃/min;

b. The reducing rate of live steam pressure shall be within 0.02～

0.03MPa/ min, the one of live steam temperature shall be within 1.2～

1.5℃/min. Reducing rates are higher with a higher load than with a

lower load.

c. The degree of superheat of the live steam shall be 50 ℃ to protect

the set from steam with water. Open draining valves if it is less than

50℃.

d. Open the control valves gradually during sliding stopping. Reduce

the load to zero with the steam parameters reducing.

e. Don’t carry out the over-speed test during a sliding stopping

because large amount of lower temperature steam may flow into the

turbine with a wild-open control valve after the set does not connect to

the grid.

5.10.4 Reduce to 80～85% of the rated load before sliding stopping

when the set is running with the rated power. Keep the steam
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parameters at the lower limit, open control valves fully and gradually,

and let the set run for a while. Begin sliding stopping when the metal

temperature and the temperature difference are lower.

5.10.5 The sliding stopping process is divided into several steps.

Keep the unit running for 5～10min with each temperature drop of 30℃

to control the thermal expansion and expansion difference.

5.10.6 Stop reducing the live steam temperature if it is 30℃～50℃

lower than the metal temperature of inner wall of casing flange at the

control stage. Keep the unit running stable for a while to control the

expansion difference.

5.10.7 First reduce the live steam temperature, and then reduce the

live steam pressure and the unit load when the metal temperature

difference is smaller and the degree of superheat is near 50℃. Keep the

unit running for a while to reduce the metal temperature difference when

the load is drop to a certain one, and then repeat above steps to reduce

the load to a lower one.

5.10.8 Pay attention to the expansion difference during a reducing

load. Stop reducing load if the expansion difference at HP section

reaches –1mm. Reduce the load to zero quickly when methods of

reducing the expansion difference don’t work.

5.10.9 There are two ways to reduce load when the unit load is lower:

a. Push the emergency trip valve to stop the turbine, at the same time,
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Steam Turbine Manual

put the boiler flameout, and disconnect the generator to the grid.

Engage the barring device because of the metal temperature over

250℃, the barring process refers to 5.9.14.

b. Open control valves fully to reduce the load to zero with the boiler’s

residual heat and disconnect the generator to the grid after the boil is

stopped. The turbine will be in idle run with the residual heat. Reduce

the condenser vacuum when the rotor speed is near the first critical

speed. Open draining valves under lower speed running to let air into

the turbine to cool down the casing. With this method, the casing metal

temperature will drop down 150℃.

5.10.10 Turn on the AC lube pump during idle run. Record the time of

idle run without vacuum broken(17～22min normally).

5.10.11 Turn on the jacking oil pump when the speed is lower than

1200r/min.

5.10.12 Stop sending steam to gland sealing when the vacuum drops

to zero.

5.10.13 Stop venting after the set stopping when there is no smoke in

the oil tank.

5.10.14 Stop HP and LP heaters with a sliding stopping.

5.10.15 Switch on spray water system automatically when the

exhaust temperature is greater than 85℃. Otherwise, switch it on by

hand.
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5.10.16 Pay attention to followings during load reducing:

a. Pay attention to cut off steam sources for gland sealing and

deaerator;

b. Pay attention to draining system. Open the draining of LP section

when the unit is running with 30% of the rated power. Open the draining

of HP section when the unit is running with 10% of the rated power;

c. Monitor vibrations during reducing load. Push the emergency trip

valve to stop the unit immediately when there is any abnormal vibration;

d. Bar the rotor in intervals instead of continuous barring if there is

any abnormal friction noise. If there is a thermal bending with the rotor,

a periodic barring shall be used to eliminate the bow, and then the unit

shall be barred for over 4 hours after the thermal bending has been

eliminated.

e. Protect the unit from cool water or steam to avoid the rotor

bending or casing distortion after set stopping.

f. Blow leakages from valve stems of control valves and stop valve

to atmosphere with load reducing.

5.11 Emergency stopping

5.11.1 Principles to handle an emergency stopping

a. Ensure the people safety with a litter or no damage to the unit;

b. Cut off the device with trouble immediately, prevent the trouble

expanding, and keep the others running if it’s necessary.

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c. Handle the emergency quickly, well and truly;

d. Keep instrument in the state while accident was happening to

analyze cause later;

e. Report details on running parameters, handing process and

happening time for further analysis.

5.11.2 Under following situations: break the vacuum after pushing the

emergency trip valve:

a. The set vibrates violently and the amplitude is more than

0.10mm;

b. There are clear friction noises out of the inner of the unit;

c. There is a water hammering with the turbine, or the live steam

temperature drop is more than 50℃ sharply;

d. The return oil for any bearing is more than 75℃, or there is

smoke in a bearing;

e. A babbit temperature of radial bearing pad is more than 115℃, or

a babbit temperature of axial bearing pad is more than 110℃

f. There is a serious friction of gland sealing ring or oil sealing ring

g. The lube pressure is lower than 0.294Mpa, and the auxiliary lube

pump doesn’t work;

h. The level of oil tank is lower than limited volume, and feeding oil

fails;

i. There is fire in oil system, and it can’t be extinguished quickly;

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j. The protection device of axial displacement doesn’t act when the

axial displacement is more than +1.4mm）;

k. The emergency trip governor doesn’t act when the speed is more

than 3360r/min;

l. The exhaust pressure reaches 0.055Mpa, and it can’t be lowered;

m. The cooling water stops, and it can’t be re-supplied quickly;

n. There is a burst at main steam pipe or any other pipes.

5.11.3 It’s available to keep the vacuum with following situations:

a. The live steam temperature is higher than 551℃, or its

pressure’s higher than 10.15Mpa, and they will not drop down quickly.

b. With wide-open control valves, the generator as a motor drives

the turbine running over 1min;

c. The valve stem of stop valve is seized;

d. The exhaust has been blown to atmosphere;

e. The idle running time is more than 15min after a load ejection;

f. The expansion difference of casing is enlarged, and can’t be

controlled to the limiting one;

g. There are some failures with DEH or safety system.

5.11.4 Pay attention to following items during an emergency stopping:

a. Close the stop valve and control valves immediately;

b. Switch on AC/DC lube pump immediately;

c. Open all draining valves fully;

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d. Turn on jacking oil pump when the rotor speed is lower than

1200r/min.
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6 Normal operation of the turbine

6.1 The limiting parameters during start-up and operation

6.1.1 The limiting for steam parameters and casing temperature:

a. The rising rate of live steam temperature shall be less than 2～

3℃/min;

b. The rising rate of casing wall temperature shall be less than 3～

4℃/min;

c. The temperature difference between the upper and lower of

casing wall at control stage shall be less than 50℃;

d. The temperature difference between the outside and the inner of

casing wall shall be less than 80℃;

e. The temperature difference between the outside and the inner of

flange shall be less than 100℃;

f. The temperature difference between the left and right at HP

casing front section shall be less than 10～15℃;

g. The temperature difference between the casing and casing bolt

shall be less than 30℃;

h. The exhaust temperature:

Alarm: 85℃（turn on spraying water）

Stopping: 120℃（turn on spraying water by hand）

6.1.2 Expansion difference （ the rotor is posited by the working

bearing pads, moving to generator means positive）

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Alarm: +3～-1 ㎜（at HP section）

Stopping：+5～2.5 ㎜（at LP section）

6.1.3 Axial displacement (the rotor is posited by the working

bearing pads, moving to generator means positive):

Alarm:+0.8 -0.8 ㎜

Stopping: +1.4 -1.4 ㎜

The displacement of the end of turbine coupling moving to generator

is about 3 mm under a rated load condition.

6.1.4 The limiting of vibration:

a. Vibration amplitude at bearing house (peak-peak)

Normal: ≤0.03 ㎜

Alarm: 0.05 ㎜

Stopping: 0.10 ㎜（stopping by hand）

b. Vibration amplitude of rotor at journals (peak-peak)

Normal: ≤0.076 ㎜

Alarm: 0.0127 ㎜

Stopping: 0.25 ㎜

6.1.5 The limiting of oil pressure

a. The oil pressure at the outlet of main oil pump: 1.96～2.05MPa

b. Lube pressure:

Normal: 0.0785～0.118MPa

Alarm: 0.055 MPa (turn on AC oil pump automatically)

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0.0392MPa (turn on DC oil pump automatically)

Stopping: 0.02 MPa

Stopping the barring device: 0.015 MPa

c. EH control oil pressure

Normal: 13～14 MPa

Stopping: 7.8MPa（three to two）

Alarm: 11.2MPa

6.1.6 The limiting of oil temperature

Oil temperature at the inlet of bearing: 40～45℃

Oil temperature of return oil: ﹤65℃

Alarm of oil temperature of return oil: 65℃

Stopping volume of oil temperature of return oil: 75℃

EH control oil temperature: 40℃ ±5℃

6.1.7 Babbit bearing temperature

a. Babbit temperature of radial bearing

Alarm: 105℃

Stopping: 115℃（stopping the set by hand）

b. Babbit temperature of axial bearing

Alarm: 105℃

Stopping: 110℃（stopping the set by hand）

6.1.8 The level in the oil tank (showed by level indicator)

The max.: +200

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Steam Turbine Manual

The minimax: -180

Stopping: -230

6.1.9 The exhaust pressure refers to Thermal Performance.

6.1.10 The unit can run continuously with 30%～100% of the rated

load. It shall be not more than 15 minutes for the unit to supply the

auxiliary power after a load ejection, and it shall be not more than one

time a year and 10 times within the unit lifetime. This running way will do

great damage so operation in this way shall as less as possible. The

unit can’t be operated as a motor, with special situation, it shall be less

than 1 time a year within 1 minutes under the back pressure less than

0.05Mpa and the exhaust temperature less than85℃.

6.1.11 The time of the unit operates out of the frequency range of

48.5～50.5Hz within its lift time shall be as follows:

Frequency range Each time（Sec） Sum（Min）

≤47.0Hz NA

47.0Hz～47.5Hz ≤10 ≤10

47.5Hz～48.0Hz ≤60 ≤60

48.0Hz～48.5Hz ≤300 ≤300

48.5Hz～50.5Hz continuous

50.5Hz～51.0Hz ≤180 ≤180

51.0Hz～51.5Hz ≤30 ≤30

≥51.5Hz NA
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6.1.12 The allowance rate of load change of the unit

1) Under 100%～50% of the rated load condition: 5%/min

2) Under 50%～20% of the rated load condition: 3%/min

3) Under less than 20% of the rated load condition: 2%/min

6.2 The allowance range of the live steam parameters

6.2.1 Live steam pressure

Rated one: P0=8.83Mpa (range: ±0.49Mpa)

The average pressure for continuous operation a year: ≤P0

The allowance continuous operation pressure with a guarantee of

the average pressure of continuous operation a year: ≤1.05 P0

The allowance transitory peak pressure is 1.15 P0, and the sum

time shall be not more than 12 hours within a year.

Push the emergency trip valve when the live steam pressure is

greater than 1.2 P0.

6.2.2 The live steam temperature

The rated one: t0=535℃ (range: +10℃～-15℃)

The average temperature for continuous operation a year: ≤t0

The allowance continuous operation temperature with a guarantee

of the average one of continuous operation a year: ≤t0+5℃

If the live steam temperature is ≤t0+(5-10) ℃, the operation time

shall be less than 30 minutes each time and the sum one in one year

shall be less than 400 hours.

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6.2.3 The dropping of live steam parameters

a. It shall be restored when the live steam temperature is less than

510℃. If it can be restored in a short time, the load shall be reduced.

Open draining valve at the main steam pipe and turbine body when

the live steam temperature is less than 490℃. Reduce the load to

zero when the live steam temperature is less than 460℃. Push the

emergency trip valve if the live steam temperature is less than 450℃

and can’t be restored.

b. Try to restore the live steam pressure when it is less than

8.34Mpa. If it can’t be restored in a short time, the load shall be reduced.

Stop the unit to avoid over-stress and water corrosion at the last stage

blade with the pressure continuous dropping.

6.2.4 Principles of the reducing load

a. The pressure at each section is within the limiting range.

b. Axial displacement and bearing babbit temperature are within the

limiting range.

c. There is no any abnormal situation with the unit.

6.2.5 Alarm and reduce load when the exhaust pressure is greater

than 50KPa（0.49ata）, and check the vacuum system to reset the

vacuum. Pushing the emergency trip valve if the vacuum can be

restored to the setting one. It shall take less than 60 minutes from

alarming to stopping the unit.

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6.3 Abnormal operation condition

When one or several items showed in clause 6.1have alarmed, but

don’t reach to the stopping one and the power plant does not want to

stop the unit, the unit is running for a short time in an abnormal

operation condition.

Pay attention to all limiting ones change when the unit is running in

an abnormal operation condition. Try to find the cause and eliminate.

Stop the unit if there is any one that reaches to the stopping one.

The followings shall be checked when the unit is in alarm situation:

Item Inspection
Axial 1. Check the live steam parameters and vacuum to
displacement avoid a sharp change;
2. Check the temperature of axial bearing pad and
return oil to ensure there is no any wearing with the
bearing pad.
Expansion 1. The expansion difference at HP section is too
difference large
a）Check the expansion direction
b）Maintain the load to minish the change of live
steam temperature and check the exhaust
temperature at HP section
c）Reduce the live steam temperature and the load
gradually with a enlarging positive expansion
difference.
d）Raise the live steam temperature and the load
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Steam Turbine Manual

gradually with a enlarging negative expansion

difference. Or carry out other methods to raise the
rotor temperature.
2. The positive expansion difference at LP section is
too large
a）Maintain the load to minish the change of live
steam temperature and the exhaust temperature at
LP section.
b）Reduce the load gradually.
3.Larger vibration 1. Monitor vibration of each bearing, and analyzes
the vibration type.
2. Check the followings and ensure them in normal
condition
a）The temperature of bearing babbit, and in/out oil ;
b）The pressure of each bearing oil film;
c）The temperature difference between live steam
and casing metal;
d）The exhaust temperature and pressure;
e）Metal temperature difference between HP section
and IP one;
f ） The casing expansion and its expansion
difference;
g）Check the rotor bending during stopping;
h）Measure the vibration spectrum.
3. Don’t let the unit run near the critical speed if the
vibration is violent during start-up. Stop raising load if
the vibration is violent during raising load, and
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Steam Turbine Manual

operate the unit with the former load. The unit can’t
raise load until the violent vibration has been
eliminated. Stop the unit to check if the vibration is
violent during accelerating, operating the unit with
reducing speed is forbidden in this condition.
4. Lower lube 1. Check the level in mail oil tank;
level 2. Check whether there is any leakage in lube
system;
3. Check whether the main oil pump or oil injectors
are working well.
5.Higher 1. Check the pressure of bearing film;
tmperature of 2. Check the lube quality to ensure there is no
radial bearing pad impurities in lube;
and return oil 3. Check whether the inlet lube temperature is
normal;
4. Check whether there is a large amount of leakage
of gland sealing;
5. Check whether the temperature of bearing pads is
normal.
6. Higher 1. Check whether the axial displacement is too large;
temperature of 2. Check the lube quality to ensure there is no
axial bearing pads impurities in lube;
and return lube 3. Check whether the inlet lube temperature is
normal;
4. Check whether the temperature of bearing pads is
normal.
7. Higher/lower 1. Check whether there is any leakage with the oil
level in main oil tank and lube pipeline when the oil level is lower,
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Steam Turbine Manual

tank 2. Check whether there is any water leakage in oil

coolers or there is too much seeper in the oil tank.
8. Lowering 1. Check whether the exhaust temperature at LP
vacuum of the section is within a normal range;
exhaust 2. Check whether the vacuum breaker and accident
blow valve are working well;
3. Check whether the pressure of steam source sent
to gland sealings is within a normal range;
4. Check whether the exhaust device is working well;
5. Check whether the spray water system is working
well if the unit is under a LP spraying water condition.

6.4 General items

6.4.1 It shall be not more than 1 minute that the unit is working as a

motor before the unit disconnects to the grid and the exhaust pressure

is within a normal range.

6.4.2 Don‘t send steam to gland sealing before the barring device is

engaged.

6.4.3 Pay attention to the expansion difference, vibration, lubes

temperature and bearing temperature when the exhaust temperature is

higher. Switch on the spray water system as so as the exhaust

temperature reaches to the alarm one, at the same time, try to reduce

the exhaust temperature by the methods of raise the vacuum or load.

6.4.4 Except an emergency stopping, the vacuum shall be not broken

until the unit speed is 10% of the rated one with an idle run.
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6.4.5 Ensure that the draining system of main steam pipeline,

extraction pipeline and turbine body keep unblocked during start-up and

stopping.

6.4.6 The over-speed test can’t be carried out immediately after an

injecting oil test. The stockpiled oil may cause the over-speed test

inexact.

6.4.7 It shall be less than 15 minutes each time and 10 times in the

lift-time of 30 years for the unit to run continuously only to supply

auxiliaries power after disconnecting to the grid.

6.4.8 The unit can guarantee a rated power of 110MW continuously

after HP heaters have been cut off, but can’t power more than the rated

one. The order of cutting off HP heaters is from the higher pressure one

to the lower one. Reduce the load if the deaerator is cut off continuously.

The steam pressure after control stage and each extraction stage shall

be not higher than the limiting after the deaerator has been cut off.

6.4.10 Accelerate the unit when the rotor speed is running through

the first critical speed, and the vibration at bearing house shall be less

than 0.15mm. The theory first critical speed of the rotor refers to

document Q6001N-JS15. To a newly installing unit, the critical speed of

the rotor shall depend on the actual operation. The actual measuring

critical speed shall be recorded as the unit critical speed.

6.4.11 To ensure the safety of blades of the last two stages, the unit
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can’t be warmed or stay running within the frequency range of first

resonance of those blades.

6.4.12 “Governing by hand “ can’t be as a governing method for the

unit to operate for a long period.

6.4.13 Monitor and check the unit carefully during operation.

Eliminate troubles quickly to avoid accidents.

6.5 Maintenance after stopping

6.5.1 Maintenance after a fresh stopping

a. Record all steps of stopping processes, and submit the record to

the following shift to check;

b. Strictly prohibit cooling water or air from entering the unit to

cause the rotor bending or casing distortion;

c. Ensure that there is still cooling water passing through the oil

cooler after the cooling water is stopped;

d. Ensure that the unit has been blocked completely from steam

and draines;

e. Close all valves in steam or water system tightly. Open antirust

valves and drain gates of blowing pipe completely. Try to discharge

seeper at connection pipe of casing and at the lower of casing;

f. To avoid corrosion, lay grease on some parts;

g. To avoid corrosion, dry the inner of the unit by blowing hot wind.

The hot wind shall be sent from the middle of casing, and leak from
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the gap of gland sealing, drain gates, antirust valves and vacuum

breakers. The exhaust temperature shall be less than 80℃ to make

the casing temperature is 3~5℃ higher than the atmosphere during

sending hot wind;

h. Full of nitrogen or steam to protect HP heaters from eroding;

i. Switch on and run start-up pump for a while periodically. Flash the

oil system with cool oil to make the speed governing system act. That

can discharge moist collected in the speed governing system. Engage

the barring gear at the same time;

j. Prevent frostbite during winter. Wide-open all draining gates of

pipeline and auxiliaries (such as oil coolers, air coolers, heaters,

condenser, extraction water pump, water tank). Pay much attention to

equipments and pipeline that are installed outdoor.

6.5.2 A stopping within 10 days

a. Close steam pipeline and draining pipeline tightly. Send hot wind

periodically, or turn on vacuum pump periodically to keep the dry of

the turbine inner;

b. Lay antirust oil on all outside machined surfaces;

c. Rotate the rotor in 1/3 circle a day with the pre-turned on AC oil

pump and jacking oil pump.

6.5.3 A stopping within 3 months

a. Maintain the unit as per a stopping within 10 days;

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b. Plug the end of gland sealing;

c. Dismantle devices of governing and safety system, and lay

antirust oil on parts;

d. Run the unit in a speed of about 100r/min, and spray Vaseline

with steam to the turbine flow section.

6.5.4 A stopping over 3 months

a. Remove the upper half of the casing, and lay protection oil on the

turbine flow section;

b. Cover dismantled parts such as sealing, diaphragms, bearings,

bearing pedestal, the lower and upper of casing with canvas, and sort

and count them periodically;

c. Lay dismantled fastening pieces such as bolts, nuts and bigger

pin in order, and mark them. Do antirust process to precious machining

parts.
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7 Marking, packing, storing and transportation

7.1 There are nameplates on turbine and auxiliaries, with manufactory,

type, main parameters and producing date.

7.2There are easy symbols with all operating parts and indicating

parts.

7.3 Painting of main body and auxiliaries complies relevant CCJEC

specifications.
7.4 General packing list is in a special box of the first package.

There’s a list in each package for accepting parts packed in the

package. Documents and drawings supplied with the set shall be

submitted to the user representative directly.

7.5 The manufactory shall guarantee the quality of protection oil films

of turbine parts for 6 months from the day of parts delivered away the
factory, and there shall be no any damage such as collision or water

logging with package during shipping and storing within this period.

7.6 Keep packages statica during shipping. Strictly prohibited

packaged from pileup.

7.7 Strictly prohibit packages from rolling and moving with a lever

(only log chutes moved with a lever). Strictly prohibit fall packages on a

lower position directly.

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8 Specifications for oil used in steam turbine

8.1 Adjusting and lubricating oil used in steam turbine should adopt the one in
accordance with national standard GB 11120-1989 "L-TSA turbine oil", the quality
indicators are 32 or 46. The specific content refers to the table below:
No. Items Quality index Testing
Viscosity grade 32　 46　 methods
1 Operating viscosity (40℃)，mm2/s 28.8～35.2 41.4～50.6 GB/T 265
2　 Viscosity index, not less than 90 90 GB/T 1995
3　 Pour point, ℃ not less than ～7 ～7 GB/T 3535
4　 Flash point (open), ℃ 180 180 GB/T 3536
not less than
5 Density（20℃）， kg/m3 Report Report GB/T 1884
GB/T 1885
6　 Acid value，mgKOH/g not less GB/T 264
than
7　 Neutralization value, mgKOH/g Report Report GB/T 4945
not less tha
8　 Mechanical impurities None None GB/T 511
9　 Moisture None None GB/T 260
10 Demulsification number  15 15　 GB/T 7305
 
　　　　  ml
54℃, min not less than
Foaming 　　 ℃ not less 　450% 　　450%
11 test, ml/ml than GB/T3536
　　 ℃ not less 100% 100%
than
The latter 24℃ not 　450% 　　450%
less than
Oxidation a. Total oxide % Report Report GB/T 8119
stability b. Sediment % Report Report SY/T2680
12　 c. When the acid 3000 3000
value after
oxidation is
2.0mgKOH/g ， h
should be not less
than
Corrosion test on liquid rust No rust No rust GB/T 11143
13　 (synthetic sea water)
14　 Copper strip test (100℃,　3h) the 1 1 GB/T 5096
class is no less th
15　 Air release value（50℃）min not 　5 6　 SY/T 2693
less than
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8.2 The oil used in adjustment lever and high-temperature friction part of

steam turbine is a type of mining oil in national standard GB/T447-1994

"steam cylinder oil", viscosity grade is 1000.

No. Items Quality index Testing method
Variety Mineral oil
Viscosity grade 1000
1 Movement viscosity （ 100 ℃ ）， 30-40 GB/T265
2
mm /s
2 Flash point (open), ℃ not less 260 GB/T26　
than GB/T　　　　
　 Pour point, ℃ not higher than 20 GB/T　　　　
　 Carbon residue, ％ not 2.5 GB/T268
less than
　 Ash content, ％ not less 0.03 GB/T508
than
　 Mechanical impurities, ％ not 0.03 GB/T511
less than
　 Asphaltene content，% not less  0.013　 SH/T0266
than
　 Moisture ％ not less than 0.05 GB/T260
　 Water-soluble acid or alkali None GB/T259
8.3 The machine oil used in rotation part should be in accordance with

the provisions of the Standards SH/T0138-1994

No. Items Quality index Testing method
1 Kinematic Viscosity （ 40℃ ）， 9～11 GB/T 265
mm2/s
2 Acid value mg KOH/g 0.05 GB/T 4945
not less than
　3 Ash content, ％ not less 0.005 GB/T 508
than
　4 Water-soluble acid or alkali None GB/T 259
　5 Mechanical impurities, ％ not None GB/T 511
less than
　6 Moisture (ex work) mg/kg 100 GB/T 11133
not less than
　7 Flash point (closed), ℃ 125 GB/T 267　
not less than
　8 Pour point, ℃ not higher than -50 GB/T