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Science / Engineering / Electrical Engineering

Electrical Chapter 8 Basic Electric Motors

Terms in this set (47)

the physical phenomenon that includes the

magnetism attraction of an object for iron and is exhibited by a
permanent magnet or an electric current

Magnet poles north and south

like poles repel and unlike attract

poles...

the magnetic lines of force of a magnet that flow

flux
between the north and south poles

magnetic field the area that the magnetic force operates in

created when a piece of iron is placed in a

induced magnetism magnetic field. The closer the object to the magnet
the stronger the magnetic field is on the object.

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a piece of magnetic material that been magnetized

permanent magnet and can hold its magnetic strength for a reasonable
length of time.

electromagnet a magnet produced through electricity

used to create a rotating motion and drive

Motors
components that need to be turned.

rotor rotating part of an electric motor

A stationary loop of wires around the rotor in which

stator
electricity is produced.

Changes in polarity (due to the changing direction

of AC) in the stator surrounding permanent polarity
What causes the rotor to
in the rotor causing the stator poles to continuously
move?
repel and attract the poles of the rotor causing
continuous rotation of rotor

Most commonly used rotor today. Copper or

aluminum bars are evenly spaced in the steel
Squirrel cage rotor portion of the rotor and connected by an end ring.
Produces an inductive magnetic field within itself
when stator is energized

shaded-pole, split-phase, permanent split-

Six general types of motors capacitor, capacitor-start-capacitor run, capacitor-
start, three-phase, and electronically commutated.

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Shaded pole motor starting 100%

torque

split-phase motor starting 200%

torque

psc motor starting torque 200%

capacitor start capacitor run 300%

starting torque

three phase motor starting 600%

torque

electronically commutated 200%

motor starting torque

flow reversals (frequency)/ second (hertz) x 120/

motor speed formula
number of poles

has a housing and is used to rotate a device such as

open motor a fan or a pump that is itself not enclosed in any
type of housing

housed with some type of shell. most common is

enclosed motor
completely sealed hermetic compressor

uses a shaded pole made of a closed turn of a

shaded pole motors heavy copper wire banded around a section of
each stator pole

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consists of two aluminum plates with an insulator

capacitor between them. Used to boost the starting torque or
running efficiency of single phase motors

usually in a plastic case consisting of two aluminum

electrodes with a chemically treated paper
starting capactior impregnated with nonconductive electrolyte
between them. Used for short period of time during
motor start up to boost starting torque on motor

the unit of measurement used to measure the

microfarad
strength of a capacitor

electric device that is used to momentarily store

electrons and create a second phase in the starting
running capacitor
winding circuits of single phase motors. In motor
circuit for entire cycle of operation.

1. The voltage of any capacitor used for

replacement must be equal to or greater than that
of the capacitor being replaced.

2. The strength of the staring capacitor replacement

must be at least equal to but not more than 20%
greater than that of the capacitor being replaced.

guidelines for replacing a

3. The strength of the running capacitor
capacitor
replacement ma vary by plus or minus 10% of the
strength of the capacitor being replaced.

4. If capacitors are installed in parallel, the sum of

the capacitors is the total capacitance

5. The total capacitance of capacitors in series may

be found in the following formula: c1 x 2/ c1 + c2

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use some method of splitting the phase of incoming

split phase motors power to produce a second phase of power, giving
the motor enough displacement to start

1. Power is applied to the running and starting

windings in parallel. The motor itself splits the phase
by the counter electromotive force in the running
winding, which acts as a resistance to hold back the
current flow to the running winding. On the
alternation of power, the starting winding creates a
higher magnetic field than the running winding.

2. In half of a cycle the alternations are changed.

The running winding has the stronger magnetic
field, moving the rotor a certain distance depending
on the number of poles in the motor. For the motor
split phase motor operation
in figure 8.32, the distance is one-fourth of a
rotation.

3. As the alternations continue at the rate of 60

cycles per second, the motor continues to rotate
with the magnetic field of the stator. Therefor, the
rotor, with its magnetic field permanent, attempts to
keep up with the rotating magnetic field of the
stator.

4. The motor is equipped with a centrifugal switch

that drops the start winding out of the circuit when
the motor has reached 75% of its full speed

A type of motor with a capacitor in the starting

capacitor-start motor
circuit.

A single phase induction motor that uses a single

permanent split capacitor
run capacitor in series with the start winding
motor
throughout
Electrical Chapter 8 Basic Electric Motorsthe motors entire operation
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capacitor start capacitor run A type of motor which utilizes both start and run
motor capacitor.

An induction type of motor that has a very high

starting torque and requires no special starting
apparatus. simplest and most trouble free and
operates on three phase current. reversible, high
Three phase motor
starting torque, very efficient, no starting
mechanism, no commutator or brushes so low
maintenance uses expensive to distribute current
"workhorse of industry".

Three phase motor types of wye and delta

windings

brushless DC, three-phase motor with a permanent

Electronically Commutated magnet rotor. A control module is attached to one
Motor end of the motor that uses input signals to obtain
and maintain the correct motor speed.

uses no brushes or commutator. Has a rotor with

Direct Current Brushless Motor permanent magnets windings in stator. Electronic
control module controls speed

A compressor that contains both the compressor

Hermetic compressor
and motor together inside a welded steel housing.

Single phase motor terminals Common, Start and Run

1. Find the largest reading between any two

terminals. The remaining terminal is common

Procedure to find start, run and

2.The larger reading between common and the
common
other two terminals identifies start

Electrical Chapter 8 Basic Electric Motors

3. The remaining terminal is run

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Open motor windings Read infinite resistance between terminals

Shorted motor windings multimeter reads 0 ohms between windings

All electric motors should be grounded

properly...

Structures that help parts move freely. support and

locate the rotor, to keep the air gap small and
Bearings consistent and transfer the loads from the shaft to
the motor. The _ should be able to operate at low
and high speeds whilst minimizing frictional loses.

rotary electrical switch in certain types of electric

motors and electrical generators that periodically
Commutator
reverses the current direction between the rotor
and the external circuit.

motor parts

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