CORONA VIRUS DISEASE PAPER

COVID 19

NAME : Ima Amalia Juliyantiara

NIM : 14201.12.20015

PRODI : S1 Nursing

SUPERVISOR : Moh. Samsul Arifin, S.Pd., MM.

STIKES HAFSHAWATY ZAINUL HASAN GENGGONG

GENGGONG - PAJARAKAN

2020/2021

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 FOREWORD

Praise be to Allah SWT for giving His grace and guidance so that I can complete this paper on

CORONAVIRUS 19 on time.

The purpose of the writing of this paper is to fulfill the duties of Mr. Moh Samsul Arifin, S.Pd., MM. in the

field of English Education. In addition, this paper also aims to add insight into the Coronavirus

disease 19 outbreak for readers as well as for authors.

I would like to thank Mr. Moh Samsul Arifin, S.Pd., MM. as the English Education teacher who

has given this task so that he can add knowledge and insight about the disease outbreak due to

Coronavirus Disease 19.

I also thank all those who have shared some of their knowledge so that I can complete

this paper.

I realized that the paper I wrote was far from perfect. Therefore, I will wait for constructive

criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper.

Probolinggo, January 17, 2020

Ima Amalia Juliyantiara

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page......................................................................................................1

Introduction………………………………………………………….....................… 2

Table of Contents...............................................................................................................3

CHAPTER I: Introduction........................................................................................... 4

Background......................................................................................................4

Problem Identification.............................................................................................4

Problem Limitation................................................................................................... 5

Problem Formulation..............................................................................................5

Purpose of the Problem................................................................................................ 5

CHAPTER II: Discussion...................................................................................... 6

Theory Study.....................................................................................................6

The essence of the theory.......................................................................................................7

How the Virus Spreads........................................................................................... 7

Symptoms of COVID-19......................................................................................... 8

COVID-19 is considered a pandemic.................................................................9

Virus Spread Beginning......................................................................................10

Corona Virus Treatment....................................................................…………. 11

Corona Virus Complications..................................................................................12

Corona Virus Prevention........................................................................................13

CHAPTER III: Closing...........................................................................................15

Conclusion.......................................................................................................15

Bibliography...................................................................................................15
 BAB I

PRELIMINARY

A. BACKGROUND

The Corona virus is part of the virus family that causes disease in animals and also in

humans. In Indonesia, they are still fighting the Corona Virus until now, as well as in other

countries. The number of Corona Virus cases continues to grow with some reporting recoveries,

but not a few who have died. Handling and prevention efforts are continuously being made to fight

COVID-19 with flu-like symptoms.

The case started with pneumonia or mysterious pneumonia in December 2019. Many cases

of this mysterious pneumonia infection are found in the animal market. The Corona virus or

COVID-19 is thought to be carried by bats and other animals that are eaten by humans until

transmission occurs. Coronavirus is actually no stranger to the world of animal health, but only a

few types are capable of infecting humans and causing pneumonia.

This case is suspected to be related to the Huanan animal market in Wuhan which sells various

types of animal meat, including those that are not commonly consumed, such as snakes, bats and

various types of rats. With this background, the Corona Virus is not the only time that the world's citizens

are panicking. Having the same symptoms as the flu, the Corona Virus develops rapidly, resulting in

more severe infections and organ failure.

B. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Based on the written background, I provide the following information about the problems that

will be used as material for discussion in this paper.

i. Effect of implementation social distancing for countries to minimize

the spread of the Corona Virus.

ii. The fast spread of the Corona Virus from one country to another

iii. Patients who experience Corona Virus infection will experience complications and death.
C. LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM

In order for this research to be more focused, focused, and avoid the discussion becoming

too broad, the writer needs to limit it. The problem boundaries in this study are as follows:

i. Several types of diseases can be plague and spread to humans

ii. The first time the Corona Virus was discovered in Wuhan, China at the end of December

2019

iii. The initial symptoms of COVID-19 resemble those of the flu. The cause of

iv. the spread of the Corona Virus around the world. Diagnosis and Treatment

v. of Corona Virus

vi. Some of the complications caused by Corona Virus infection

vii. Prevent the spread of the Corona Virus for healthy communities and people

Under Supervision (ODP).

D. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

i. How is the process of spreading Covid-19 in Indonesia?

ii. Why has Covid-19 become a pandemic outbreak?

iii. Where did the spread of Covid-19 start?

iv. How do residents prevent Covid-19?

E. PURPOSE OF THE PROBLEM

From several problems that have been identified and formulated, there is an objective of the problem

itself.

i. Understand and know the symptoms of COVID-19.

ii. Can apply ways to prevent the spread of the Corona Virus.

iii. Understand and know what COVID-19 is and what we should do.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

THEORITICAL REVIEW

A. Understanding Theory

Corona virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-

2) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. This disease due to viral infection is called

COVID-19. The Corona virus can cause minor disorders of the respiratory system, severe lung

infections, and death.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), better known as the Corona virus,

is a new type of coronavirus that is transmitted to humans. Although it affects the elderly more

frequently, this virus can actually affect anyone, from babies to children to adults, including pregnant

women and nursing mothers. Corona virus infection is called COVID-19 ( Corona Virus Disease

2019) and was first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. This virus

spreads very quickly and has spread to almost all countries, including Indonesia, in just a few

months.

Apart from the SARS-CoV-2 virus or Corona virus, viruses that are also included in this group are the viruses

that cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the viruses that cause Middle-East Respiratory

Syndrome (MERS). Even though it is caused by a virus from the same group, namely the coronavirus,

COVID-19 has several differences from SARS and MERS, including in terms of the speed of spread and the

severity of symptoms.
B. Theory of Nature

Coronavirus is a collection of viruses that can infect the respiratory system. In most cases, this virus

causes only minor respiratory infections, such as the flu. However, this virus can also cause severe

respiratory infections, such as lung infections (pneumonia).

1. How the Corona Virus Spreads

Since COVID-19 is a new disease, many aspects of how it spreads are being studied. The

disease is spread during close contact, often by tiny droplets produced during coughing, sneezing

or speaking. The droplets are transmitted, and cause new infections, when inhaled by people in

close contact (1 to 2 meters, 3 to 6 feet). They are produced during inhalation, but because they

are relatively heavy, they usually fall to the ground or surface.

Speaking aloud releases more drops than normal speech. A Singapore study found that an

uncovered cough can cause droplets to reach 4.5 meters (15 feet). An article published in March

2020 argues that the suggestion about drip distance may be based on 1930s research that

ignored the effects of warm humid exhaled air around droplets and that a cough or sneeze that

doesn't open can travel up to 8.2 meters (27 feet).

After the droplets fall on the floor or surface, they can still infect other people, if they touch the

contaminated surface and then their eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands. On surfaces,

the number of active viruses decreases over time until they no longer cause infection. However,

experimentally, viruses can persist on various surfaces for some time, (for example copper or

cardboard for several hours, and plastic or steel for several days). Surfaces are easily

decontaminated with household disinfectants that kill viruses outside the human body or on the

hands. In particular, however, disinfectants or bleaches should not be swallowed or injected as a

treatment or preventive measure, as they are dangerous or potentially fatal.

virus to be transmitted more easily than normal for such tiny droplets, which is known as air

transmission.

The virus is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread is known

to occur up to two days before symptoms appear (asymptomatic transmission) and in the later stages of

disease. Some people have been infected and recovered without showing symptoms, but uncertainty remains

regarding asymptomatic transmission. Although COVID-19 is not a sexually transmitted infection, kissing, sexual

intercourse, and the faecal oral route are thought to transmit the virus.

2. Symptoms of COVID-19

Early symptoms of Corona virus infection or COVID-19 can resemble flu symptoms, namely fever, runny nose,

dry cough, sore throat, and headache. After that, the symptoms may disappear and heal or even get worse.

Patients with severe symptoms can experience high fever, cough with phlegm and even bleeding, shortness of

breath, and chest pain. These symptoms appear when the body reacts against the Corona virus. In general,

there are 3 general symptoms that can indicate someone is infected with the Corona virus, namely:

• Fever (body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius)

• Cough

• Hard to breathe

These symptoms of COVID-19 generally appear within 2 days to 2 weeks after the patient is exposed to

the Corona virus.

Fever is the most common symptom, although some older people and those with other health

problems develop fever later in life. In one study, 44% of people had a fever when they came to

the hospital, while 89% developed a fever at some point during their hospitalization.
Other common symptoms include coughing, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of breath, phlegm

production, and muscle and joint pain. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been

observed in various percentages. Less common symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, or sore throat.

Some cases in China were initially accompanied by chest tightness and palpitations.

A decrease in the sense of smell or a disturbance in taste may occur. Loss of smell is a symptom

that appears in 30% of confirmed cases in South Korea.

As is common with infections, there is a delay between when a person is first infected and when they

develop symptoms. This is called the incubation period. The incubation period for COVID-19 is usually

five to six days but can range from two to 14 days, although 97.5% of people who develop symptoms will

do so within 11.5 days of infection.

A minority of cases do not develop any visible symptoms at any point in time. These asymptomatic

carriers are less likely to be tested, and their role in transmission is not fully known. However,

preliminary evidence suggests that they can contribute to the spread of disease. In March 2020,

the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported that 20% of confirmed

cases remained asymptomatic during their hospital stay.

3. REASONS WHY COVID-19 BECOME A PANDEMY

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the Corona COVID-19 Virus a

pandemic on Wednesday (11/03/2020). This is because it occurred after the SARS-like outbreak

infected a growing number of people where on Thursday morning the figure reached 126,063 cases.

With a total death toll

4,616 people and 67,071 recovered, according to Worldometers.

WHO stresses that the use of the term pandemic does not mean that the

recommendations have changed. All countries are still required to detect, test, treat,

isolate, track and monitor the movements of their people.

earlier the world had been reminded to prepare itself for a potential pandemic," said Dr. Nathalie

MacDermott King's College London.

"But the use of this term highlights the importance of countries around the world to work

cooperatively and openly with each other and unite as a united front in an effort to control this

situation."

4. Beginning of Virus Spread

Starting from a local case, Covid-19 spreads throughout the world one after another by means of

transmission called imported cases from outside the area of origin or local transmission between residents. So

far, the events that have occurred for the first time in connection with Covid-19 do not seem to provide a

complete picture of this virus.

The conclusion so far, the analysis of experts suggests that Covid-19 is stronger to survive in areas

with low temperatures and dry even though the virus is also endemic in countries with the opposite

temperature and humidity conditions. This virus is also more susceptible to causing death in the elderly

population. However, there are also residents in this age group who have managed to recover and a

baby has also died from Covid-19.

The first series of events also show the efforts of experts to find this antivirus as

quickly as possible. So far, these efforts have not yielded the results as expected.

In hindsight, the initial series of the emergence of Covid-19 are familiar to the world community.

China is listed as the country that first reported cases of Covid-19 in the world.

For the first time, China reported the presence of this new disease on December 31, 2019.

At the end of 2019, the office of the World Health Organization (WHO) in China received

notification of the presence of

a type of pneumonia of unknown cause. The acute respiratory infection that attacks the lungs was

detected in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. According to

Over time, the search said, Covid-19 cases had appeared before. Referring to the 37th WHO

report on the Covid-19 situation, 26 February 2020, the first confirmed case of Covid-19 in China

was on 8 December. However, this information also depends on the initiatives of countries that

provide disease information to the global health agency.

A report published on the website of the medical journal The Lancet by Chinese doctors from the

Jin Yin-tan Hospital in Wuhan, who treated some of the earliest patients, put the date of the first

known infection as December 1, 2019.

Information on the origin of the emergence of Covid-19 is still running backwards. On December

16, doctors at the Wuhan Central Hospital sent samples from another patient with persistent

fever for laboratory testing. These results suggest the virus resembles severe acute respiratory

syndrome (SARS).

5. Corona Virus Treatment

Corona virus infection or COVID-19 cannot be treated, but there are several steps doctors can

take to relieve symptoms and prevent the spread of the virus, namely:

• Referring severe COVID-19 sufferers to undergo treatment and caratina at a

referral hospital

• Provide fever and pain relievers that are safe and in accordance with the patient's condition

• Encourage sufferers of COVID-19 to carry out independent isolation and

get adequate rest

• Encourage sufferers of COVID-19 to drink lots of water to maintain body fluid levels
6. Complications of the Corona Virus

In severe cases, Corona virus infection can cause the following complications:

• Pneumonia (lung infection)

• Secondary infection of other organs. Kidney

• failure

• Acute cardiac injury

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome

• Death

In some people, this disease can progress to pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and death.

Neurological manifestations

including seizures, strokes, encephalitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cardiovascular-related

complications may include heart failure, irregular electrical activity, blood clots, and inflammation

of the heart.

In some people, COVID-19 can affect the lungs causing pneumonia. In those most severely

affected, COVID-19 can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading

to respiratory failure, septic shock, or multi-organ failure. Complications associated with

COVID-19

including sepsis, abnormal clots, and damage to the heart, kidneys, and liver. Clotting

abnormalities, in particular increased prothrombin time, have been described in 6% of those

hospitalized with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function was seen in 4% of this group. About

20-30% of people who present with COVID-19 show elevated liver enzymes

(transaminase). Liver injury as indicated by blood markers of liver damage is often seen in

severe cases.
7. Corona Virus Prevention

Until now, there is no vaccine to prevent Corona virus infection or COVID-

19. Therefore, the best preventive way is to avoid the factors that can cause you to be infected

with this virus, namely:

• Apply physical distancing, which is to maintain a minimum distance of 1 meter from other people,

and don't go outside the house first unless there is an urgent need. Use a mask when doing activities

• in public places or crowds, including when you go grocery shopping.

• Routinely wash your hands with water and soap or hand sanitizer that contains at

least 60% alcohol, especially after doing activities outside the home or in public

places.

• Do not touch your eyes, mouth and nose before washing your hands. Increase

• endurance with a healthy lifestyle.

• Avoid contact with sufferers of COVID-19, people who are suspected of being positive for the

Corona virus, or people who are sick with fever, cough, or runny nose.

• Cover mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, then throw the tissue in

the trash.

• Keep clean objects that are often touched and the cleanliness of the environment, including

cleanliness of the house.

For people who are suspected of being exposed to COVID-19 or in the ODP (person under monitoring) or PDP

(patient under surveillance) category, there are several steps that can be taken so that the Corona virus does not

spread to other people, namely:

• Do independent isolation by living separately from other people for a while. If this is not

possible, use a different bedroom and bathroom than those used by other people.

• Do not leave the house, except to get treatment.

• If you want to go to the hospital when your symptoms get worse, you should first contact the

hospital to pick you up.

• Forbid and prevent others from visiting or visiting you until you are completely cured.
 • As much as possible do not have meetings with people who are sick.

• Avoid sharing eating and drinking utensils, toiletries, and sleeping equipment

with other people.

• Wear a mask and gloves when in public or with other people.

• Use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, then immediately throw the

tissue in the trash.

Conditions that require immediate treatment by a doctor in a hospital, such as childbirth, surgery,

dialysis, or vaccination of children, need to be handled differently with some adjustments during

the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to prevent transmission of the Corona virus while you are in

the hospital. Consult with your doctor about the best action that needs to be done.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

I. Conclusion

Based on what has been discussed, I draw conclusions and make several points, as follows:

• Apply how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in everyday life.

• Avoid direct contact with other people, and try not to leave the house except when it is

critical.

• COVID-19 is a virus that damages the respiratory system and can cause several

complications due to infection and death. Do not feel too depressed and burdened

• during this pandemic, because what is needed is a strong immune system or body

metabolism and can increase immunity by exercising and eating healthy foods.

II. References

https://www.inews.id/lifestyle/health/3-saran-who-agar-tidak-cemas-hface-pandemicovid-19

https://bebas.kompas.id/baca/riset/2020/04/18 / first-event-series-acoustic-19 /

https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa-for-public

https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200312075307-4-144247/who-nyatakanwabah-covid-19-jadi-pandemi-apa-m

Meaning

https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/coronavirus

https://www.kompasiana.com/ratnanirmala/5e7617a3097f3676b41aebf2/latarbelakang-dan-perkembangan-virus-corona

https://www.alodokter.com/virus-corona

https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4943950/latar-belakang-virus-corona-perkembangan-isu-terkini