KEC International Limited

Power T & D Cables Railways Civil Solar

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 Focus On Technology
Presentation By
R.R.Patel
General Manager– Engineering Services
KEC International ltd.

1200 kV Transmission Line Project

at near Bina Substation
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 AGENDA

Tower Designs being Deployed

to optimize Right of
way Requirement
1. Developments in foundations to
Reduce Environmental Impact.
Major Challenges &
Considerations in design
of Tower and structures.

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GENERATION RESOURCE MAP

Coal resources – Eastern/

Central India
Hydro potential – North –
Eastern / upper Northern
part
Lignite – Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
Load centre – Western,
Northern and Southern
States

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 FEATURES OF INDIAN TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM

Generation resources pocketed in few places, demand

spread over entire country
Transmission network accordingly spread over length
and breadth of the country.
To cater to future accelerated growth in power transfer
requirement, geographically spread transmission
network to be strengthened utilizing minimum right of
way.

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 FEATURES OF INDIAN TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM

In last decade transmission Network has increased

exponentially .

Transmission line through TBCB route has increased.

Public awareness of Right of Way has increased

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WHAT IS RIGHT OF WAY (ROW)

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 ROW COMPENSATION
• As per MOP Guideline-2015:

• i) Compensation @ 85% of Land value determined by

Dist Magistrate based on Circle Rate /Stamp act Rate
of Tower base area (between four legs) is payable.

• ii)Compensation towards diminution of land value in

the width of Right of Way Corridor due to Laying of
Trans line and imposing certain restriction would be
decided by state as per land use ( subject to max.
15% of max circle rate)

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 IMPORTANCE OF ROW

A transmission line may pass through

different Land use areas
• Inhabited densely populated areas
• Agricultural areas
• Forest areas
• Hilly/Mountainous areas

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 IMPORTANCE OF ROW

Width of ROW Important in

• Densely Populated areas
• Non-availability of required conventional width of ROW
• High Cost of Land
• Forest areas
• To conserve flora and fauna
• Narrow constrained geography with no other alternative

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 CONSERVATION OF RIGHT-OF-WAY

STRATEGIES

• Bulk power high capacity lines

• Alternate line / Tower configurations

• Uprating of existing lines

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 CONSERVATION OF RIGHT-OF-WAY

BULK POWER HIGH CAPACITY TRANSMISSION LINES

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 CONSERVATION OF RIGHT-OF-WAY

Alternate Line & Tower Configurations

•Double circuit / Multi

circuit transmission lines

• Compact structures like

Delta Type

• Very high structures

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USE OF M/C TOWER

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EXTENDED TOWERS FOR SAVING
TREES

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USE OF POLE STRUCTURE

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 DEVANHALLI CASE STYDY(KPTCL)

UNDER IMPLIMENTATION

• USE OF NARROW BASE M/C TOWER IN ROAD MEDIAN.

• THE CHIMNEY WIDTH SHOULD BE <= MEDIAN WIDTH.

• USING OF PILE FOUNDATION FOR LESSER FOUNDATION

SIZE.

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DEVANHALLI NARROW BASE M/C TOWER

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 USE OF GIS IN PLACE OF AIS

• Space GIS requires 40% Area than AIS.

Reduced footprints leads to GIS SS within cities & underground SS in commercial complex

• Maintenance/Operation/Installation : GIS is much easier than AIS.

• Cost : Initial cost of GIS installation is high compare to AIS but overall Life Cycle Cost is low
with reduced maintenance and operational costs

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UPRATING of existing TL
using
HIGH TEMPERATURE
CONDUCTORS

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 UPRATING of existing TL

Capacity Enhancement of Existing facilities

•Uprating of existing TL using High Temperature
Conductors.

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 TYPE OF CONDUCTORS

Conventional Conductors
•ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced)
•AAAC (All Aluminium Alloy Conductor)
•ACAR (Aluminium Conductor Alloy Reinforced)
•AACSR (Aluminium Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced)
•ACSR/AW (Aluminium Conductor Aluminium Clad Steel
Reinforced)
•AAC (All Aluminium Conductor)

High Conductivity / High Capacity Conductors

•Compact (Trapezoidal ACSR conductor)
•Higher conductivity AAAC (AL59 or eqvt)

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 TYPE OF CONDUCTORS

High Temperature Conductors

•TACSR (Thermal resistant Aluminium alloy Conductor Steel
Reinforced)

High Temperature Low Sag Conductors

•ACSS (Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported)
•INVAR Conductor
•GAP Conductor
•ACCR (Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced)
•ACCC (Aluminium Conductor Composite Core)

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 High Temperature Low Sag Conductors

All High Temperature Low

Sag Conductors have
following material structure
Outer aluminium alloy or
Annealed aluminium layers that
can withstand high temperatures
in the range of 150deg C to 230
deg C compared to 100 deg C for
conventional ACSR/AAAC
conductor and an

Inner core that has lesser

thermal coefficient of expansion
than composite conductor
After a certain temperature all the mechanical tension is taken up by the core dictating
the sag of the conductor

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 High Temperature Conductors-
Salient Benefits

High Temperature conductors offer following current

carrying capacity (thermal rating)
•TACSR conductor: around 1.8 times of eqvt size ACSR
•HTLS conductor: around 2 –2.5 times of eqvt size ACSR

For new high capacity 400 kV EHV lines, twin bundle

High Temperature conductors can be used in place of
quadruple bundle ACSR resulting in :
•Material savings in tower & foundations
•Reduced construction effort, time & resources
•Comparable capital cost
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 High Temperature Conductors-
Salient Benefits

For uprating of existing EHV lines, HTLS conductors

can be used in place of existing conductors resulting
in :

•Increase in power flow capacity (around 100%)

•Avoiding capital expenditure, precious ROW, resources, effort

& time on construction of additional line

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 Uprating of 400kV D/C
Siliguri-Purnea Line

Line length : 175kms

Line passes through the

chicken neck area having
serious ROW constraints

Hydro potential in NER to

be accessed through this
corridor

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 AGENDA

Tower Designs being Deployed

to optimize Right of
way Requirement
Developments in foundations to
Reduce Environmental Impact.
Major Challenges &
Considerations in design
of Tower and structures.
 FOUNDATION DESIGN TO MINIMISE
ENVIRONMANTAL IMPACT

• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TL FOUNDATION:

• Huge consumption of construction material
• Large use of energy,
• Large use water and
• Generates Dust Pollution/Transport pollution

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 STRATAGY TO MINIMISE ENVIRONMANTAL IMPACT

Proper Use of Natural Resource:

 Lean Design : is the best method which require minimum
resource
 Innovative design to avoid Pollution
 Use of recycled/sustainability sourced product like crusher dust
 Water management by use of admixtures.
Improved Energy Efficiency
 Reduce energy consumption
 Use of Local supplies and materials
Avoiding pollution :
 Preventing dust by good site and depot management;

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 LEAN DESIGN
Minimization of Qty of Construction Material
Leading to saving Energy and Transport cost:
• Innovation in Foundation shapes:
• Introduction of New Foundation Types:
Wet Paddy/ Dry WBC etc.
• Introduction of intermediate angle foundation
• Innovation in Design Technique:
– Curtailment
– Stub as Reinforcement

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 ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY DESIGNS

• Precast Foundation
• Grillage Foundation
• Auger Foundation

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 Pre – Cast Foundations

• Preferred where the period of

construction is limited.

• Dimensions of the foundations

are governed by the uplift
capacity of the cranes.

• Hooks are provided for lifting.

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 Grillage Foundation

Used in firm soil , where

concreting is costly.

It is a factory made
foundation.

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AUGUR Foundation

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 AGENDA

Tower Designs being Deployed

to optimize Right of
way Requirement
Developments in foundations
to Reduce Environmental Impact.
Major Challenges &
Considerations in design
of Tower and structures.
 MAJOR CHALLENGES IN DESIGN OF
TOWERS AND STRUCTURES
Market Demand :-

• Competition in Transmission Line Tender has

increased Many fold. Contractors are quoting
with very minimum margin
• Speed of Execution has increased drastically.
(36 months projects are being executed in 24
months)

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 MAJOR CHALLENGES IN DESIGN OF
TOWERS AND STRUCTURES
Challenges to Design of Tower & Structures:-
Maximum Optimization of Tower weight has become an essential
requirement to Save the project from loss.
Intermediate towers apart from standard (A,B.C,D) are introduced as a
strategy to make of the project cost. So No of Tower Designs are increasing.
Client wants to execute the Project at Minimum possible time. (36 Months
projects are squeezed to 24 Months). Correspondingly, there is a drastic
reduction in design time. Thus there is need of increased speed and
accuracy of design and detailing.
Scarcity of of well experienced designer and detailer to accomplish the
above challenges in design
Availability of Test bed for testing is also a big challenge industry is
facing. This impacts project completion time and untested tower is not
acceptable to customer.

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THANK YOU
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