Law ?
Canon Law Civil Law with regard
g
to religious affairs
treaties
laws given between llaws given
i
unilaterally Church unilaterallyy
by the & State by civil
church ((concor- authorities
dats)
canon law
l
divine law merely ecclesiastical law
(ius divinum) (ius mere ecclesiasticum)
natural divine custom (written) law
law positive
law
creation revelation community of legislator
the faithful
Norms which bind human behavior
norms coming from God norms made by men
through
g through
g merely civil law
creation revelation ecclesia-
= moral = divine stical
norms positive law
law
for man‘s social other moral norms (for
existence = interior behavior,
behavior for
natural law behavior towards God
and towards oneself)
Periods in the Historyy of Canon Law
1
1. Canon Law before Gratian („ius
( ius vetus
vetus“)) until 1140
2
2. Canon Law from Gratian to the 1140-1563
1140 1563
Council of Trent („ius novum“)
3
3. post-Tridentine Canon Law 1563-1917
4
4. C
Canon L
Law since
i th
the codification
difi ti since
i 1917
Disciplinary
p y documents of the
post-apostolic and early Church
– Didache („Teaching of the 12 Apostles
Apostles“))
(1st century)
– Traditio Apostolica (3rd c.),
– Didaskalie (3rd c.,
c Syria)
– Apostolic
p Constitutions ((3rd c.))
Collections of Canons
before the Decretum Gratiani (ca
(ca. 1142)
• Syntagma
y g Canonum Antiochenum
• Prisca = Itala (5th c.)
• V i Hi
Versio Hispana (5th c.))
• Collectio Dionysiana (ca(ca. 500)
• Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana (802)
• Collectio Hispana (= Isidoriana), 6th c.
• Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals (ca.(ca 850)
containing fictitious decrees
• Nomokanones (Eastern Roman Empire)
• Capitularies (France)
• Penance Books (Ireland, Scotland)
Collections of Canons
before the Decretum Gratiani (ca
(ca. 1142)
• since
i th
the 9th century
t systematic
t ti collections:
ll ti
– Collectio Anselmo dedicata (9th cc. Italy)
– Libri duo de synodalibus
y causis ((ca. 906, byy
Regino of Prüm)
– Decretum
D t b B
by Burchard
h d off W
Worms ((ca. 1020)
– three collections of Ivo of Chartres (ca
(ca. 1095):
Collectio Tripartita, Decretum and Panormia
The Corpus Iuris Canonici
1 ca.
1. „Decretum
D t G ti i“
Gratiani“ private
i t G ti
Gratian
1140 (= „Concordia discordantium
canonum“))
canonum
2 1234 „Liber
2. Liber Extra
Extra“ official Raymond of
(= Decretals of Gregory IX“) Peñafort
OP
3. 1298 „Liber Sextus“ official
4 1314 „Clementines
4. Clementines“ (Clemens V) official
5. 1500 two collections of private
to Extravagantes“::
„Extravagantes
1503 the „Extravagantes of John
XXII“ and the „Extravagantes
XXII
communes“
From the „Introduction“ to the CIC of 1983:
Subsequent laws,
laws especially those enacted by
the Council of Trent during the time of the
Catholic Reformation and those issued later by
various dicasteries of the Roman Curia, were
never digested into one collection. This was the
reason whyh dduring
i ththe course off titime llegislation
i l ti
p Iuris Canonici constituted “an
outside the Corpus
immense pile of laws piled on top of other laws.”
The lack of a systematic arrangement of the laws
g certainty
and the lack of legal y along g with the
obsolescence of and lacunae in many laws led to
a situation where church discipline was
increasingly imperiled and jeopardized.
Guiding principles for the reform of the CIC
(approved 1967)
1. juridic
j character of the new code
2. coordination between the forum internum and forum externum
3 not only justice,
3. justice but also charity
charity, temperance
temperance, moderation
moderation,
equity
4 bishops may have ordinary faculties to dispense
4.
5. principle of subsidiarity
6 rights off persons defined
6. f
7. protection of subjective rights; administrative procedures;
distinction between legislative, administrative, and judicicial
functions
8. revision of the principle of territoriality
9. less latae sententiae penalties
p
10. careful systematic arrangement
CIC Reform Commission (October 30, 1981)
Periods of the Preparation of the CIC 1983
1. 1965-1977 First drafts → eleven drafts for
individual parts of the
Code
2 1972-1980
2. 1972 1980 Reactions from → Schema CIC/1980
the entire
church
3. 1980-1982 Discussions of → Schema CIC/1982
th Reform
the R f (S h
(„Schema N i i
Novissimum“)
“)
Commission
4. 1982-1983 Final redaction → CIC/1983
by the pope and
some of his
advisors
CCEO Reform Commission (November 12, 1988)
