Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

POEM SECTION
UNDER THE GREEN WOOD TREE
Introduction to the Poet

William Shakespeare was the great poet of 16th century, was born in Stratford-on-Avon. He was a great dramatist and
a comedian too. He got little education in Latin language. He was a great explorer of the mind and this poem is a great
icon of his genius.

Introduction to the Poem

The lines given for explanation are an extract from the poem Under the Green Wood Tree which is the title of a song
taken from the play, As You Like It written by William Shakespeare. The play tells the story of two brothers, the
Elder Duke and the younger brother, Duke Frederick. The younger brother is very greedy, selfish and ambitious and
wishes to usurp the dukedom. He forces the Elder Duke to go into exile and pass the rest of his life in the forest of
Arden. The Elder Duke is accompanied by some his devoted companions and followers. Among them is Lord Amiens,
who is gifted with a very sweet, melodious voice.

Summary

The lines given for explanation are an extract from one of the songs sung by him. In this song, he describes the
pleasant and carefree life of the forest. He also extends an open invitation to anyone who wishes to join him in the
cheerful surrounding. Such a person should be free from all worldly wishes, and should feel happy and content to live
in the open, natural environment. The only problem one has to face there is the harsh unbearable winter and rough
weather.

Come hither, come hither, come hither:

Here shall he see
No enemy,
But winter and rough weather.

MCQ’s
1. The poem “Under the Greenwood tree” is a type of______________.
Comedy Irony Lyrical ballad Sonnet

2. The poem “Under the greenwood Tree” is occurring in Act II, scene ______________.
I II V VII

3. Under the greenwood tree is composed by ______________.

William Wordsworth William Shakespeare Lord Amiens Oliver goldsmith

4. The singer of the poem / song is ______________.

Alan Poe Jacqueos Lord Amiens Shakespeare

5. “As you like it” is published in ______________.

1599 1564 1601 1616

6. There are ______________enemies in the forest.

2 3 4 1

7. Duke was robbed of his dominion by his wicked brother named ______________.
John Tom Maslow Fredrick

8. William Shakespeare was born at ______________.

London Paris Ireland Stratford-on-Avon

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 1
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

9. William Shakespeare was the discovery of ______________ age.

Victorian Modern literature Restoration Renaissance

10. William Shakespeare was died in ______________.

1616 1618 1619 1639

Q#1: Briefly elaborate the lines “Here shall be see no enemy but winter and rough weather”?

Ans: In these lines the poet asserts that the life of the forest is free from tension and troubles. In forest’s life you will
not become the victim of external torture except winter and rough weather which harm you physically but
tolerable and will heal with the passage of time.

Q#2: What is the central idea of the poem “UNDER THE GREEN WOOD TREE”?

Ans: William Shakespeare was the great explorer of the minds speak through the tongue of Lord Amiens that the life
of the forest is far better than the city life. The city life is full of worries, problems, hurdles and conspiracies while
these sort of problems are absent in the forest life expect winter and rough weather. These types of elements are
endurable.

Q#3 Briefly describe the kind of life to which the listeners are invited by the song?

Ans: By this song Lord Amiens, in the play “As You Like It”, living a life of exile, is inviting the listeners to
come and lead a simple but pleasant forest life. It is a life quite safe from any rivalry or enmity except
the roughness of weather, so all listeners are invited to live there.

Q#4: According to William Shakespeare who is the enemy of a man?

Ans: According to William Shakespeare the biggest enemy of a man is man. Because a man can fight with
wild beasts though. But he can not take over a black sheep. A man stabs into whose back who has trusted on him.

Q#5: What is the philosophical idea behind the poem,” Under the Greenwood Tree”?

Ans: There are two ideas behind the poem. First is that the nature invites you to come and enjoy its beauty and charm.
So if you wish to live a calm, peaceful and healthy life and if you do not have any material desire You should come
here. Nature, at its best in the forest, is welcoming you all having opened its arms. The other idea is that the biggest
enemy of a man is man. Because a man can fight with wild beasts, even. But he can not take over a black sheep. And a
forest is the place, devoid of your real enemy. So come and live here.

Q#6. What compels Lord Amiens to sing a song “Under the Greenwood Tree”?

Ans: Lord Amiens draws a real picture of this materialistic world through the poem. Lord Amiens, one of a group of
noblemen, is living a life of exile in the forest of Arden with a Duke who has been robbed of his dominion by his
brother named Frederick. That’s why he invites the people to come in the forest and live in free manner.

Q#7. Who is singing a song under the green wood tree and why?

Ans: Lord Amiens is the singer of the song “Under the greenwood tree”. Lord Amiens is inviting the people to come
and enjoy the nature because it doesn’t harm much. A person has to face only two enemies in the form of winter and
rough weather, which may create some troubles, but these troubles can be tolerated.

Q#8. Elaborate the lines “Who doth ambition shun and love to be with sun”?

Ans: In these lines the poet communicates only to those person who does not have desires to enjoy the luxurious
life and want to live in the open air in the woods where he has to hunt his own and make yours self satisfied with
what he gets.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 2
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

"THE CHARACTER OF A HAPPY LIFE"

Introduction of the Poet

The poem “The Character of a Happy Life”, has been written by Sir Henry Wotton. He was born in Kent and the son
of country gentleman. In this poem Wotton has described the characteristics of a person who can truly be called a
happy man.

Introduction of the Poem

We find Wotton’s poem is a sharp sense of contrast between the uneasy life of the ambitious man and the contented
life of man satisfied to live an obscure life of peaceful virtue. Sir Henry Wotton wrote from experience; for he was a
distinguished servant of the crown who had seen for himself the rise and fall of ambitious men. The poem consisting
of six stanzas of regular couplet rhymed.

“Nature is the peace not the Land.”

__________________________________ John Keats

Summary

A person who has freedom of will and thought leads a happy life. He does not act according to other people’s wishes.
His only weapon is his simplicity and truth.

Such an upright man is not a slave of his desires. He is always prepared for death. This man is not concerned about
being famous or in what people say about him publicly or privately.

This upright man is not jealous of chance or foul play. He knows that flattery gives the deepest wounds. He does not
abide by the rules of the society which compel a person to do unwanted deeds. He follows the rules of goodness which
will lead him to the right path.

A happy man’s life is freed from numerous when he is sad he retires in his comfort of clear conscience. He hasn’t got
a high position. Therefore people don’t flatter him or nick him at his down fall. A happy man prays to God regularly.
In this prayer he does not ask for rocks but he asks God to be gracious and merciful on him. His favourite positive is
good book or friend. A man who is truly happy is free from slavery of his desires. He isn’t ambitious. He does not
expect too much therefore his hopes aren’t shattered. He doesn’t fear a downfall. This man hasn’t got lands or wealth
and yet he has everything. He has got the greatest wealth of contentment and happiness.

Conclusion

The poet described the characteristics of a noble and happy man, who is honest, simple, not slave of his desires. He
follows the rules of goodness, which will lead him to the right path.

MCQ’s
1. The poem “Character of a happy life” is composed by ______________.
William Shakespeare Sir Henry Wotton Thomas Campion Sir Walter Scott

2. Sir Henry Wotton was born in ______________.

1639 1568 1564 1546

3. Sir Henry Wotton was a ______________ poet.

Romantic Religious Imaginative Supernatural

4. Sir Henry Wotton was born in ______________.

Cocker mouth Kent Sussex Dublin

5. ______________ King gave him a regular pension.

James John Tom Edward

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 3
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

6. How happy is he born or ______________.

Teach Taught Learnt Behaved

7. And simple truth his utmost ______________.

Art Variety Habit Skill

8. Whose passions not his ______________ are.

Governor Master Companion Comrade

9. Of public fame, or ______________ breath;

Private Mass Friend None of them

10. Who ______________ none that chance doth raise.

Envies Jealous Pride Vanity

11. How deepest wounds are given by ______________.

Admiration Praise Money Good

12. Whose ______________ is his strong retreat?

Conscience Body Mind None of them

13. The man is freed from ______________ band.

Servile Natural Acts Habits

14. Of hope to rise, or fear to ______________.

Fall Down Up Earth

15. With a ______________ books or friend.

Religions Romantic Natural Dramatic

16. The man is free from ______________ band.

Servile Natural Acts Habits

17. Of hope to rise, or fear to ______________.

Fall Down Up Earth

THE CHARACTER OF A HAPPY LIFE

Q#1: Pick out the line or lines from the Character of a Happy Life in which the poet identifies each of the
following characteristics of a man whose life is happy.
(a) Independence (b) honesty of thought (c) truthfulness (d) self- control
(e) Freedom from worldly ambition (f) freedom from envy, of worldly success
(g) Lack of wealth and position (h) piety.

Ans: Following are the lines in which the poet identifies the characteristics of a happy man:-

(1) That serveth not another’s will.

(2) Whose armour is his honest thought?
(3) And simple truth his utmost skill.
(4) Whose passions not his masters are.
(5) Untied unto the world by care of public fame or private breath.
(6) Who envies none that chance doth raise.
(7) Lord of himself though not of lands.
(8) And having nothing yet hath all.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 4
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#2 What sort of freedom does he enjoy according to the lines “United unto the world” by care of public fame
or private breath?

Ans: A happy man discerns that the world is full of colour. He does not involve himself in the worldly gains and
beauty. He does not want to be famous among the people and does not want to be famous among the people
and does take care about the intentions and opinion of the people which they will establish about him.

Q#3 Briefly explain the meaning of the word “Nor rules of state” and “Rules of good”.

Ans: Basically, the poets distinguish between the types of governing. Firstly “Rules of state” means to the country or
the state. Each and every government follows certain rules but this rule fulfills her interest and intensions and
sometimes proves insolvent for the country men. While “Rules of good” means he has got triumph over the
hearts and the emotions of the people. He uses the mild accent and preaches good teaching of God among
them which make them aware about the weight of life.

Q#4 Why did he get deepest wounds by praise?

Ans: A pious man hates flattery because it spoils anybody’s nature. It may also bring enmity. That’s
why he got deepest wounds by Praise.
“Envy is a great sin and spoils anybody’s nature” (Oscar Wilde)

Q#5 Describe briefly the lines “having nothing yet hath all”?

Ans. The poet gives the very good impression in the closing lines. He asserts that he has broken from worldly
gains but he burden’s himself with the good deeds. It means that he is poor in the eyes of the people but very
flourish spiritually.

Q#6 What is meant by “Whose passions not his master are and whose soul is still prepared for death”?

Ans: The poet is describing the foremost qualities of the modest man. He asserts that a pious man has totally
command over his desire. He never runs behind the worldly gains. The second quality of a pious person is that
he is fully prepared to meet the Almighty Allah because he spends his life according to the dogmas which is
prescribed by God.

Q#7: Attempt to explain briefly how Sir Henry Wotton’s Happy Man ‘having nothing yet hath all.’

Ans: A happy man does not have very much with respect to material objects. He may not have vast and wide
lands or bank balance or other luxuries, but he possesses contended mind and a happy and joyful heart. This is
what Henry Wotton called “every thing” in this poem. Because,
“A contend mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world.”

Q#8: Why does a happy man pray to God?

Ans: A happy man always prays to God, not because of His material blessings or worldly objects but because
He is almighty, He is worth-adoration, and He deserves to be prayed and worshiped.

Q#9 Describe the lines “Whose passions not his masters are?

Ans: In their lines the poet describes one of the foremost qualities of a man who bears such a good character. He has
total command over his passions. He does not allow his character to destroy under the influence of his passion and
sentiments.

Q#10 Describe the lines of “Public Fame, or Private Breath”?

Ans: A pious man has complete awareness about the way of the world. He does not involve him a lot in this world to
become famous and does not care what gossips tell about him in private furthermore he enjoys his life in care free
manner.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 5
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#11 Who is free from servile band and how?

Ans: The man who does not indulge himself in the materialistic world is free from servile band because he has no
hope to rise and fear to fall but has hope for the rewards in the second world.

"THE ABBOT OF CANTERBURY"

Introduction

The poem The Abbot of Canterbury, included in our book, is a ballad. Ballads have crude language because fine
writing would not be suitable for the telling of this straightforward and amusing folk story. King John ruled England
from 1199 to 1219, was a very unpleasant man and a thoroughly bad kind.

Structure of Poem

The Abbot of Canterbury is a ballad of unknown poet telling an ancient story consisting of 100 lines of regular
rhythm.

Summary

There was a king of England whose name was King John. He ruled England very cruelly and he always did the wrong
thing. Once he came to know that there was an Abbot of Canterbury who was leading life better than the king. He had
one hundred servants and each one there wore fifty gold chains and velvet coat. They were always ready to serve the
Abbot. For very minor things they used to go to the city of London.
This way of leading life angered the king and his sent for the Abbot to explain his position before the king. The Abbot
said to him that he was spending the money so luxuriously because he had inherited a lot of money from his fore
fathers. The king disbelieved him and charged him to be a traitor.
The king said to Abbot that his life and properties would be confiscated by the government if he could not answer his
three questions. There was given three weeks time to answer those questions.
 The first question was what his worth and value was when he was having such a precious crown on his head.
 The second question was how soon he could make the journey of the whole world.
 The third question was that he was thinking at that time when he was talking to the Abbot of Canterbury.
After listening three questions the Abbot was very much confuse. He confessed that he had no mind to answer those
difficult questions. He went to many universities but no one was able to answer him.
Then the shepherd of the Abbot offered him that he would imposter the Abbot prodded he was given the relevant dress
of the Abbot.
In reply to the first question he said that his value was twenty-nine pence. In response to the second question he said if
he rose with the sun and rode with the same he would complete the journey of the world in 24 hours. In response to
the third question he said that he thinking that he was talking to the Abbot by him was not the Abbot but the shepherd.
The king was very happy, he rewarded him and pardoned the Abbot.

MCQ’s

1. ______________ composed the poem of The Abbot of Canterbury.

Robert Frost P.B Shelly William Shakespeare Anonymous

2. ______________ was the king of England at the time of story.

John Tom James None of them

3. The poem “The Abbot of Canterbury” belongs to the ______________.

Abbot King John Bishop Pardoner

4. Abbot was ______________ by nature.

Hospitable Wise Romantic Courteous

5. ______________ Men were entertained by Abbot in his house.

100 50 20 30

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 6
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

6. The King John felt ______________ against Abbot.

Courtesy Jealousy Hospitable None of them

7. ______________ reported to King John about the luxurious life style of Abbot.
Common People King’s Official Queen Shepherd

8. The King asked ______________ questions to Abbot.

2 3 1 5

9. The King gave the space of ______________ weeks to answer the riddles.
2 3 1 4

10. Abbot went to Cambridge and ______________ University.

Oxford Harvard Essex Dublin

11. Shepherd was going to ______________.

Home Church Fold Market

12. ______________ gave the answers of three questions.

Shepherd Abbot Doctor

13. There were ______________ days left when abbot met the shepherd.
3 2 5 7

14. ______________ Days had passed when Abbot met the shepherd.
3 18 15 14

15. First question asked by king is about______________

Worth Ride the whole What he thinks

16. Second question asked by king is about______________.

Worth Ride the whole What he thinks

17. Third question asked by king is about______________.

Worth Ride the whole What he thinks

18. ______________ is the worth of king according to shepherd.

30 29 31 28

19. In ______________ hours king will ride the whole world.

24 22 21 20

20. Jesus Christ was sold among the false Jews in ______________ pence.
20 30 24 29

21. The shepherd went to the court to ______________ him.

Pardon Forgive Fight Quarrel

22. On third answer, king john swear the ______________.

Mass Saint John Saint Bittle God

23. The king offered shepherd to be the ______________.

King Abbot Shepherd Tom

24. Shepherd can neither write no______________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 7
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Memorize Read Learn Study

25. The king gave ______________nobles a week to the shepherd.

4 3 2 10

THE ABBOT OF THE CANTERBURY

Q#1 What did King John hear about the Abbot?

Ans. The officials of the King John who rode to fair London town told that Abbot was leading a pompous and
respectable life which was far better than your way of survival. He had a fully furnished house and he
fed/entertained hundred men in single day. He had servant in score who wore fifty gold chain and waited the
Abbot return in velvets garments.

Q#2 Why did King John turned against him and what did he decide after hearing about Abbot?

Ans. Because of his envious nature, King John turned against him. He called Abbot and blamed on him that
you are working against my crown and for that fault you must lost your life and living. Your safety lies only in
the condition if you answer my three questions.

Q#3 What did the Abbot say to the King after having the questions and how many space did he take for
answering?

Ans. The Abbot asserted that these questions are very difficult questions for a person like me who got a
shallow wit. He took three weeks space to King to answer these questions according to the splendor of the king
dignity.

Q#4 What are the three questions and what was the funniest answer of these questions given by the shepherd?

Ans. The questions which were asked by the King as follow:

1. What was his (King) exact worth when he was sitting on the thrown and crown of gold so fair on his
head?
2. How soon he may ride the whole world about?
3. What is the king thinking at that time?

The funniest answer which was applied by shepherd as follow.

1. The Jews Christ was sold among the false Jews in thirty pence so your worth is 29 pence one pence
worse than He (J.C)
2. If you ride with the sun and ride with the same so you will consume 24 hours to ride the whole world
about.
3. The third answer shepherd gave that you are thinking I am the Abbot but I am a poor shepherd.

Q# 6 What offer did the king give to the shepherd and why did he refuse the offer?

Ans. The King offered to the shepherd that I want to make you the Abbot in place of the former Abbot but
shepherd refused the offer because he didn’t have any knowledge about reading or writing.

Q#7 Who was the king of England at the time of story and when did he resign?

Ans: King John was the ruler of England at the time story. He ruled the country from 1199 to 1216 A .D. He
was not a good ruler because he ruled with power and unfair manners.

Q#8 What was an abbot?

Ans: Abbot means bishop. An abbot is the highest official of a local church. As here in this poem Abbot of
Canterbury means the bishop of Canterbury, a county of England.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 8
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#9 Why was the King John hostile to the Abbot of Canterbury?

Ans: When the king heard about Abbot of Canterbury that he was leading a life far superior than him. He felt
hostility against him and called him . In his court, and put he accusation of treason against him.

Q#10 What had the Abbot to do in order to save himself from being beheaded?

Ans: The abbot was asked three questions by the king. He was given a space of three weeks to answer the
questions, and warned that if he failed to give the answers he would be beheaded.

Q#11 Why, on leaving the court, did he ride to Oxford and Cambridge?

Ans: The questions were obviously very difficult to answer, so the abbot went to the Oxford and Cambridge
universities and to the other intellectuals to find the solutions.

Q#12 What was the shepherd doing when he met him?

Ans: The shepherd was going to the cattle-house when the abbot went back to his home and met him.

Q# 13How did the real abbot benefit from his shepherd’s bold tricks?

Ans: The abbot succeeded in saving his life and got pardon from the king with the timely help of his shepherd.

Q# 14 When he met the shepherd how many days had passed since the King had given him the three riddles
to answer?

Ans: When the abbot met the shepherd he (the abbot) had wasted most of the given time and only three days
were left to give the answers of the questions.

Q# 15 What did the shepherd propose to do?

Ans: The shepherd suggested the abbot that he (the shepherd) would go to answer the dispute because he
not only knew the answers of the queries but he also resemble the abbot so no one in the whole London town
would be able to identify him.

Q#16 In answering the riddle, how did the shepherd justify valuing the king at twenty nine pence?

Ans: The shepherd told the king that it is said that Jesus Christ was sold among the Jews for thirty (30) pence.
The value of the king should not be more or equal to the Christ. So he is evaluated as only one penny less,
than his worth will be 29 pence.

Q#17 How did he know the answer to the third riddle?

Ans: The shepherd knew that the king must be under the impression that the Abbot was answering the
question. He used his disguise to the answer of the third question.

Q#18 How did King John behave on finding out that he had been deceived?

Ans: Unexpectedly, when the king came to know that he was being deceived, he was greatly amused and
showed his joy after every answer to his question.

Q#19 What reward did the shepherd receive?

Ans: The shepherd received a reward of a life time pension of four nobles a week.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 9
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#20 Who was an abbot and why was he victimized?

Ans: An abbot is a clergyman who is in charge of monastery. The king of England named king John heard about him
that he was leading a far better life than he. That’s why King John felt Jealous and asked three questions to him.
.

Q#21 Why was Abbot charged by the King John?

Ans: King Officials supplied the information about Abbot to the king. They told that he had great reputation and
wealth and was living with great pomp and show. He kept better house and entertained the hundred men in his house.
Thinking about all these things into the mind he (Abbot) was charged by the king John.

Q#22 How did Abbot prove himself innocent before king?

Ans: The Abbot proved himself innocent by requesting before King John that he had never spent anything which was
not his own but spent my own money which I earn by the fair means. He further said that you will not punish me for
the same act.

Q#23 Where did he go after receiving his punishment?

Ans: When he heard the punishment, he became very sad and went to the oxford and Cambridge University and met
the learned and the wise men. All the people failed to answer them and excused to the abbot.

Q#24 How did he come to know about abbot and how did king treat him?

Ans: king officials supplied the information about abbot to the king John that Abbot is leading a for better life than
you. After hearing it, king felt envy and put three hard questions to him. He alarmed him of he is not able to ask thin
questions so he has to lose his live and life.

Q#25 What are crozier, miter rochet and cope?

Ans: These are all parts of the ceremonial attire of a bishop or abbot. The crozier is a staff of office like a shepherd’s
cloak but often richly ornamented. The miter is a tall cap. The rochet is gown and the cap is a cloak worn over the
rocket.

LINES FROM THE DESERTED VILLAGE

Introduction to the Poet
Oliver Goldsmith was born in Ireland and acquired education from Trinity college but failed to settle down to any
regular professional career. Some great writers like Ben Johnson and Charles James encouraged him to write then
became very popular with the publication of a long poem traveler and with the popular novel “The Vicar of Wake-
field”. The lines from the deserted village describe his memories about his village.

Introduction to the Poem

In this poem Oliver Goldsmith is describing a great contrast between the past and the present. He describes how
people lived their live in calm atmosphere but now people don’t have time to enjoy it. It occurs due to the industrial
revolution.

SUMMARY

The author of this poem is Oliver Goldsmith, who is regarded for his simple and graceful expression. In this poem he
tells about his native land the village of south of England. The poet memorize his past life which he spent in his
village ,poet says they were very happy with the simple delights of life ,they enjoyed good health and the climate of
the village was very pleasant, there were places under bushes where they use to sit and lovers gossip there and the old
talks about the matter of village , there were the covered cottage the harvested fields and never stopping canal of water
and a busy mill ,and every evening they all gather over a place in village and celebrate a small kind of festival in
which they enjoy different kind of programs and discuss the problem of village ,the poet in the last says now the

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 10
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

charms of village are vanished because government imposed very high rate of revenue up on formers and major
portion of their production goes in hands of government in shape of taxes so their living standard of villagers is going
down day by day.

(CENTRAL IDEA)

This poem emphasizes that the importance of a bold peasant cannot be ignored who is the backbone of the economy of
his country. A humble country man living a contented life does a great goal for his country

MCQ’s
1. The poem “The Deserted village” is composed by ______________.
Oliver Goldsmith Wordsworth Alfred Tennyson Shelly

2. Oliver Goldsmith was born at ______________.

Ireland Scotland New Zealand England

3. Oliver Goldsmith was born in ______________.

1728 1729 1749 1751

4. Lines from the deserted village was published in ______________.

1774 1772 1770 1769

5. ______________ is the name of the native village of Goldsmith.

Liverpool Leyden Auburn Eton

6. Auburn village is in ______________.

Scot land Holland Canada England

7. In the poem “Lines from the Deserted village” a word swain means ______________.
Rich people Poor people Humble country man

8. A word talking age means ______________.

Young people Talkative Old people who are fond of talking

9. Where ______________ happiness endeared each scene.

Humble Social Cultural Natural

10. The never failing ______________, the busy mill.

Stream Canal Brook River

11. The bashful ______________ side long looks of love

Maid Virgin Girl Lass

12. These were thy______________, sweet village, sports like these.

Beauty Dullness Charm Joy

13. Where wealth ______________ and men decay.

Altered Accumulate Change Satisfy

14. But a bold ______________, their country’s pride.

Labours Peasantry Works People

15. Oliver Goldsmith was died in ______________.

1728 1770 1774 1780

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 11
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

LINES FROM THE DESERTED VILLAGE

Q#1 What was the name of the “Poet Village” and why could he not forget her beauty?

Ans. Auburn was the name of the “Poet’s Village” and he couldn’t forget her beauty because he spent his
childhood and youth in the course of enjoyment in the same village.

Q#2 How did the villagers enjoy holiday before the village was deserted?

Ans. The villagers enjoyed their holiday by participating in the various types of game before the village was
deserted. They used to play the game of strength and the game of tricks under the soothing shade of the tree.
While young men was playing these games, the old men eagerly watched them to rectify them, or to get fun.

Q#3 Explain in your own words the meaning of the lines. ill fares the land to hastening, ill a prey when the
wealth accumulates and men decay?

Ans. Oliver Gold Smith is expressing his view about the village that all the beauty of the land turn into the
nuisance. He means to say that evil is increasing with the passage of the time, where the wealth is dominating
over the people and the men has lost their glory which they had.

Q#4 What building was to be seen on the nearly hill?

Ans. The building of the decent church was to be seen on the nearly hill.

Q#5 What is the central Figure of the poem?

Ans. Villagers are the central figure of the poem “Lines from the Deserted Village”. Basically 18th century was
the ripest age of the industrialism. He was comparing his former age to the 18th century by saying that in the
past villagers were living a peaceful lives in their own way but at that time they are facing the cudgels of the
time due to the increase of industrialism.

Q#6 At what period in his life was the poet familiar with Auburn?

Ans: The poet passed the period of his boyhood and youth in his darling village Auburn.

Q#7 In what kind of country-side was Auburn set?

Ans: Auburn was a beautiful small green village among the hills.

Q#8 Where did the villagers congregate for their rural sports?

Ans: All the villagers assembled under the heavy, spreading tree to be entertained by their local sports.

Q#9 What happened to the village that Goldsmith had loved?

Ans: The village had lost its innocence, joy, delight and charms that Goldsmith loved and admired very much.

Q#10What, in brief, were Goldsmith’s views on ruin of such a village as Auburn?

Ans: Goldsmith was very much disheartened and distressed to see the ruins of his darling and beautiful village,
and came to the conclusion that a society, which becomes plutocratic and materialistic, and runs after wealth,
and forgets human values and welfare, love, sincerity and simple joys of life, will soon degenerate and fall
down and never be able to revive.

Q#11 What is the name of Oliver Goldsmith’s Village and where it is situated?

Ans: Auburn is the name of Oliver Goldsmith’s Village, where he was born; this village is very much dear to him
because he spent his childhood in the same village. Auburn is situated in Ireland and in the west of Scotland and in the
south of England.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 12
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#12 What is described by Goldsmith in the poem “Lines from the descried village”?

Ans: Goldsmith describes the serene beauty of his village in the poem “Lines from the descried Village. Firstly, he
admires the beauty of sheltered cottages, the cultivated farm, the ever flowing stream, decent church and the hill which
touches the domes of the church. He discusses the beauty of the games which were played in the ground without fail.
Furthermore, he describes the attitude of the young and the old people before the industrial revolution secondly, he
laments on the present circumstances when all the beauty is victimized and the people have become materialistic.
They all are running behinds the wealth.

Q#13 Explain a word “Talking age”? What was their behavior towards the youngsters?

Ans: A word “talking age” refers the old people. They are fond of talking a lot. They put the vigilant eye at them in
the course of play only to tell them about their mistakes in the life.

Q#14 Briefly explain the lines ill fare the land, to hastening ills a pray, where the wealth accumulate and men
decay?

Ans: In these lines he (Poet) describes the current scenario of the 1800 century. He says that country is in the great
trouble and all the diseases are increasing very fast. Where the wealth has value and the him an being is invaluable.
According to him, industrial revolution is the responsible of the entire scenario where the wealthy people are
becoming wealthier while poor have become poorer.

Q#15 Is this poem a criticism on industrial revolution? How?

Ans: Yes, the poem is a severe criticism on the industrial revolution. The poet describes the beauty of the village in the
first half of the poem. In the second half he laments on the present when all the green fields and the bold peasantry are
victimized. They have become the tops in the hand of the lords.

LUCY GRAY
Introduction of the Poet

William Word Worth was born in 1770 at Cocker mouth in Lake District. He was educated at Hawk shed Grammar
School and then at St. John’s College, Cambridge. His early poems reflect his love for natural beauty, which he
expressed in a unique and artificial style. Some of William’s poems are Lyrical Ballads, Poems in Two Volumes and
An Evening Walk. William Words Worth is also known for his achievements as a critic.

Introduction of the Poem

Poem entitled Lucy Gray was written in 1799 and published in the second edition of “Lyrical Ballads.” It tells us the
story of a simple tragedy in a cold bleak countryside. The poem has a steady and regular rhythm as a longer lines
rhyme together as well as the shorter lines rhyme with each other. The language of the ballad is plain and simple.

Summary

Lucy Gray was a beautiful little girl who lived in a wild moor with her parents. Their house was located in the
countryside far away from the cities. Nobody neighbored their house and Lucy lived without having any friends and
playmates.
In Western countryside, it is said that if the moon is clearly seen during daylight, a storm appears in that area. One-day
Lucy’s mother went town for shopping in the noon. After a while, he father realized that the moon can be seen and
predicted a storm in few hours. He quickly told Lucy to take a lantern and go to the town to help her mother. Lucy
obeyed her father and was on her way to the city.
Unfortunately, the storm appeared as soon as Lucy left for the town. It started to snow thickly that made it difficult for
Lucy to see through. As she was wandering in the snowy atmosphere, she fell in a crevice and died. Her mother
somehow returned home at night.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 13
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

When the little girl did not come back, her parents went out in the snowy mountains shouting for their daughter, but
they never found Lucy. On their way home, they found footprints on a wooden bridge in the middle. They concluded
that perhaps Lucy Gray fell down and had died.
When we go through the hills, a solitary song is heard in the wind, which echoes in the mountains. Some people think
that she died that day while some say she lives as a part of nature.

MCQ’s
1. Lucy Gray was composed by ______________.
William Shakespeare Shelly William words worth Spenser

2. “Lucy Gray” was written in ______________.

1799 1800 1770 1802

3. Lucy Gray was published in ______________.

1799 1800 1770 1802

4. William words worth was born in ______________.

1770 1850 1770 1746

5. William Wordsworth was born at ______________.

Cocker mouth Dublin Sussex Kent

6. Lucy Gray was appeared in the 2nd edition of ______________ ballads.

Ironical Critical Lyrical Social

7. “Lucy Gray was the model of ______________.

Obedience Faithfulness Sincerity Locality

8. Lucy Gray lives in the wide______________.

Village City Moor Hovel

9. Lucy Gray became the victim of ______________.

Earthquake Storm Flood None of them

10. Lucy Gray took the ______________to guide her.

Bulb Stick Lantern Father

11. No mate, no ______________ Lucy knew.

Friend Comrade Companion Cousin

12. You yet may spy the ______________ at play.

Have Deer Fawn Sparrow

13. To-night will be a ______________night.

Misty Stormy Dark Gloomy

14. The minster-clock has just struck ___________-___.

2 3 5 6

15. Not blither is the mountain ______________.

Hare Antelope Roe Deer

16. The______________ came on before it is time.

Storm Flood Earthquake None of them

17. The ______________ parents all that night.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 14
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Fortunate Unfortunate Wretched Miserable

18. Yet some ______________ that to this day.

Observe Percept Maintain Keep

19. And sings a ______________ song.

Melancholy Melodious Classical Proc

20. That ______________ in the wind.

Whistle Flow Glideth Stop

21. William Wordsworth was died in ______________.

1872 1850 1851 1852

LUCY GRAY
Q#1 Why did William Wordsworth say that Lucy Gray” a solitary child?

Ans. William Wordsworth said “Lucy Gray” a solitary child because she lived on the wild moor. She had no friends
and companions to play with. She used to live along with her parents in the unpopulated area.

Q#2 At what time of the day did William Wordsworth see this view?

Ans. William Wordsworth saw this view at the dawn.

Q#3 Why did William Wordsworth remain ignorant to see the sweet face of “Lucy Gray”?

Ans. William Wordsworth remained ignorant to see the sweet face of Lucy Gray because she has become the
victim of the storm by drowning into the ditch from the vacant part of the Wooden Bridge.

Q#5 What did Lucy’s parent do after they saw the foot mark of Lucy in the snow?

Ans. When the Lucy’s Parent found the foot mark of Lucy’s feet. They started following them. They tracked the
foot marks through the snow then hedge and by the long stone wall and they crossed an open field and
reached the middle of the plank of the bridge but they lost her foot marks beyond the middle of bridge.

Q#6 What do people think about Lucy Gray?

Ans. People think about Lucy Gray that she is alive yet and you can see Wild moor. She sings solitary songs
which whistles in the wind but never looks back , this song can be heard by the distance.

Q#7 Briefly narrate the tragic story of Lucy Gray.

Ans: Lucy was a little girl. She lived alone with her parents, on wide moor. Once when her mother had gone to
the market her father saw a full moon in the afternoon which is the prediction of a storm, according to the
local belief. Her father asked her to go, with a lantern, to take her mother back. She went on hurriedly. When
she was on the way storm came earlier than it was expected. Lucy lost her way and never reached the town.
Her parents searched her whole night long, but they could never found her. Some people still believe that she
is alive and walks over the moor.

Q#8 Briefly discuss in what ways Lucy Gray resemble the older traditional type of ballad?

Ans: Lucy Gray is an excellent illustration of typical ballads of Northern England. It has a heart-touching story.
Its language and narration is simple. An emotional wave continuously flows within the verses. In the last it has
a tragic end which is an essential element of northern ballads. So it is a classical typical northern ballad telling
a tragic story.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 15
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#9 On what observations did the father predict the storm?

Ans: The father, when he was working in his field, saw a full moon in the sky, and it was 2 o’clock in the
afternoon so he, according to the local belief, predicted the storm.

Q#10 Where and with whom did Lucy live?

Ans: Lucy lived with her parents in wide green mountainous valley. She was the only child of her parents, she
had no neighborhood . Even though, she has no friend and no companion to play with.

Q#11 Why and where had she been going when the storm came?

Ans: Her father asked her to go to take her mother back home from the nearby town. So she had been going
there when the storm came.

Q#12 What do the people say about her, even today?

Ans: People of that area still believe that she has not died. But she is a living child, even today.

Q#13 Who was Lucy Gray and how did she look like?

Ans: Lucy Gray was mere child of her child, a model of obedience, loyalty and faithfulness she was caught in the
storm and died. Lucy Gray looked like a fawn at play and hare spying in the green field with joy.

Q#14 Did Lucy Gray prove her an obedient child?

Ans: Once upon a time, Lucy mother went to the town as it was the stormy night that’s why her father commanded her
to take a lantern and brought your mother back to the cottage. He accepted the ordered but unfortunately the storm
came before the expected time and gulped her. By showing this conduct, she proved her an obedient child.

Q#15 Why could Lucy gray not reach the town?

Ans: Lucy Gray, the model of obedience, could not reach the town because the storm came before its expected time.
She wandered up and down on the hills and at last she lost her way and drowned into the ditch that’s why she could
not reach the town.

Q#16 How did the parents come to know about the death of Lucy gray?

Ans: In the beginning, they thought that they lost Lucy Gray. Suddenly, her mother found the food marks of Lucy in
the snow; they followed them through the broken hawthorn edge and by the long stone wall, and crossed an open field
and saw the same foot marks. In the last, they reached the Wooden bridge which was broken in the middle. They made
up their mind, that she was drowned by this space. By this way, she came to know about Lucy death.

SONNET COMPOSED UPON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE

Introduction of the Poet
William Word Worth was born in 1770 at Cocker mouth in Lake District. He was educated at Hawk shed Grammar
School and then at St. John’s College, Cambridge. His early poems reflect his love for natural beauty, which he
expressed in a unique and artificial style. Some of William’s poems are Lyrical Ballads, Poems in Two Volumes and
An Evening Walk. William Words Worth is also known for his achievements as a critic. He was a great sonnet writer
after Shakespeare.

Introduction of the Poem

William Wordsworth composed this poem on 3rd of September, 1802. He used to take long tours on feet and try to
pen-craft what he saw. In this poem, he is describing the beauty of the London city at dawn.

Summary
This wonderful poem is written by William Wordsworth , in this poem he describe the morning beauty of the city once

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 16
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

poet early in the morning went to Westminster bridge from there he observed the beauty of city ,it was early in the
morning so the sun was rising up with its own beauty, the opening rays of sun were peeping out and touching the hills
and valleys, the whole city appeared to be wrapped in white dim light .the ships, boats all were on the bank of the river
so there has no disturbance in the river and was no pollution in environment and were no clouds on the sky. It was
looking that not only people but even the houses of the city were sleeping because there was no voice or disturbance in
any direction the whole city was absorbed in complete silence it was a charming season of nature.

MCQ’s
1. Sonnet composed upon the Westminster Bridge is written by ____________.
Shelly Shakespeare John Keats William Wordsworth

2. Sonnet composed upon the Westminster Bridge is published in ____________.

Sep. 3,1802 Sep. 4, 1802 Sep. 1, 1802 July 1, 1802

3. The form of sonnet came from Italy in ____________.

1600 1800 1500 1700

4. The first part of the sonnet is called____________.

Sestet Octave Decade Hexane

5. The 2nd put of the sonnet is called____________.

Sestet Octave Decade Hexane

6. Sonnet is the poem of ____________ lines.

14 15 16 18

7. ____________ has not anything to show more fair.

World Earth Sky God

8. ____________ would he be of soul who could pass by.

Dull Stiff Bright

9. This city more doth, like a____________ wear.

Garment Apparel Coat Gown

10. Ships, towers, domes, theaters, and ____________lie.

Church Temple Houses Cottages

11. All bright and ____________ in the smokeless air.

Twinkling Glittering Shinning None of them

12. Never did sun more beautiful ____________.

Steep Stiff Shine None of them

13. The ____________ glideth at his own sweet will.

Sea River Ocean Lake

14. And all that ____________ is laying still.

Capital Mighty heart London None of them

15. ____________river is flowed below the Westminster bridge.

Ohio Mississippi Thames Ravi

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 17
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

SONNET COMPOSED UPON WEST MINISTER BRIDGE

Q#1 What scene does William Wordsworth describe in this poem?

Ans. William Wordsworth describes the beautiful scene of London at dawn. He asserts that London was giving
the view of fairy land. There was complete silence and all buildings were glittering in the smokeless air. The
river Thames was flowing smoothly and the inhabitants of the city were enjoying their slumbering deep.

Q#2 What the message does William Wordsworth want to convey in this poem?

Ans. William Wordsworth wants to convey that the beauty of London is presenting the most beautiful silence.
The city wears the beauty of the morning just like garments and looks as the most beautiful scene on the earth.

Q#3 What inspired the poet to write this poem?

Ans: The poet was very much inspired by the beautiful scenes of the morning at the Westminster Bridge.

Q#4 At what time of the day did he see this view?

Ans: The poet saw the attractive views early in the morning when the sun made the whole city of London
dazzling and bright.

Q#5 What new thoughts come into the poem with ninth line?

Ans: With the ninth line new thoughts of beauty, gloss and greatness come in to the poem.

Q#6 What quality in the scene appears to have impressed Wordsworth most, when he came to write the last
four lines?

Ans: The cool, calm, silent, soothing and decent atmosphere of the morning impressed Wordsworth most
when he came to compose last four lines.

Q# 7 Whose soul is dull, according to William Wordsworth?

Ans: According to William Wordsworth a person who is never impressed by the beauty of the morning or one
who neither admires nor appreciates these charming scenes of London city is a person whose soul is dull and
whose heart is stone-cold.

Q#8 Who was William words worth and what he describes in the poem “Sonnet composed upon the west mister
bridge”?

Ans: William words worth was the great poet of the Romanticism and he was the priest and the prophet of nature.
“William words worth expresses the serene beauty of the London in the morning. He describes that the industrial city
is free from pollution, all the building towers, temples and ship was glittering and the complete silence prevail
everywhere. He was very much impresses by viewing this beautiful scene of London.

Q#9 Explain their lines into your own words. “Earth has not anything to show move fair Dull would he be of
soul who could pair by a sight so touching in his majesty”?

Ans: In these lines William words worth pen crafts the picture of London city and his people, who are the late
sleepers. William worth is addressing the people to wake up early in the morning and enjoy the beauty. William words
worth seems to be much impressed to see the beauty of London city from the Westminster Bridge. He says that
London is the most beautiful city of the world. He examines that a person who has a little aesthetic sense, could not
pass without being impressed by the beauty of scene. A person who ignores such a wonderful scene must be a person
of dull soul.

Q#10 What does the phrase “In the Smokeless Air” mean?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 18
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Ans: The phrase “In the Smokeless Air” means that the air/atmosphere is free from pollution because it is early in the
morning and the industries were not working.

Q#11 Why does word worth feel “calm so deep”?

Ans: London is considered to be a hub of industries where the panic prevails every time / any time. One morning
words worth watched the city of London from the Westminster Bridge. There was a complete silence.

Q#12 What impression does William Wordsworth convey in the beautiful closing lines of the sonnet?

Ans: William words worth was surprised to see the London over the Westminster Bridge. He addresses the God that
the houses seem to be asleep and the capital city of London is lying silent early in the morning.

LINES FROM LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL

Introduction to the Poet

Sir Walter Scott was born in Edinburg. He was a great novelist too. As a young man, he was keenly interested in
Scottish traditions and history and paid particular attention to the tradition and folk literature of the border country. He
had deep / profound love for Scottish people and composed many poems in their admiration.

Introduction to the Poem

The lines from the lay of last minstrel tell stirringly a romantic story of a border country. This poem shows the great
anger of the poet on those who spend their live in foreign country. According to him, a person who spends his life in
the foreign country has lost a great penalty and he will doubly die before people. For him, no one will cry, no one will
admire and no one will sing him.

Summary
This patriotic poem is written by Sir Walter Scott. In this poem poet shows his precocity to his motherland.
The poet says there can not be a single man in this world who does not love his motherland, its impossible to imagine
about such a man on the earth. The poet says that its impossible that one goes abroad wonder over there and when
comes back to his mother land and does not feel any pleasure. a person who does not love his country is complete
traitor and does not deserve any sympathy, he may have fame or countless wealth but he will not be respected by
people and will become all alone. All his name and fame will be ruined before him .he will die tow times once when
he will have no one near to him and second is physical death and will have no one to morn in his death and pray for
his soul he will be buried without tears and respect . This poem emphasize that patriotism is virtue of man.

MCQ’s
1. ____________ composed the poem “Lines from the lay of the last Minstrel”.
Sir Henry Wotton Sir Walter Scott Shelly Keats

2. The poem “lines from the lay of the last Minstrel” preaches ____________ .
Patriotism Socialism Communism Capitalism

3. Sir Walter Scott was born in ____________ .

1778 1777 1771 1770

4. Shore means ____________.

Shore Airport Centre None of them

5. Sir Walter Scott was born at ____________.

Eden Burg Kent Sussex Essex

6. From wandering to the foreign ____________.

Shore Lost Border Strand

7. For him no ____________ rapture swells.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 19
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

One Minstrel Singer None of them

8. The ____________ consented all in self.

Fortunate Unfortunate Wretch Fool

9. Living shall ____________ fair renown.

Forfeit Deceit Deceive Deceive

10. And ____________ dying, shall go down.

Fortunate Doubly Unfortunate

11. Unwept, unhonoured and ____________.

Unsung Unknown Undo

12. Pelf means ____________.

Money Furniture Title Pride

13. Sir Walter Scott was died in ____________.

1771 1773 1832 1833

LINES FROM THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL

Q#1 What is a Minstrel and what is he preaching in the poem?

Ans. The poet singer who sings to entertain the people on various places is called “Minstrel” and he is
preaching the strong emotions of patriotism.

Q#2 What sort of spirit does Sir Walter want to infuse and why?

Ans. Sir Walter wants to infuse the spirit of patriotism because love for the country has supreme value. So, it is our

duty to love his country and lift the nation to the sky through hard work.

“Not gold but a man can make a nation strong” (Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Q#3 Who goes to the dust unwept, unhonoured and unsung?

Ans. The man who has little love for nation goes to the dust unwept, unhonoured and unsung in-spite of his
tittle, power and fame because all these pomps concentered his own wills. That’s why he will lose the penalty
and no one pay tribute, no one will remind and no one will mourn over his death.

Q#4 What is meant by “doubly dying”?

Ans. “Doubly dying” is a word uses for the person who leads his life only to satisfy his wills. He will get death
twice. First he will die in a casual way and secondly his fame will bury along with his funeral.

Q#5 What is the chief sentiment behind the poem?

Ans: The poem has a noble and sublime thought of patriotism in between its verses, that is the nobility and
worth of a person lies in his love and respect for his homeland.

Q#6 What penalties does the minstrel foresee for the man who has no love for his native land?

Ans: According to the poet a person who never loves his native place is actually a selfish and self-interested
person. So for this reason he will face the music. He will never be accepted and respected by any of his
compatriots, even.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 20
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#7 What is the moral of the story?

Ans: A person who has no love and his country, his mother land, may have a high office in the society, but is
not loved or respected after his death.

Q#8 Who was Minstrel and what means by the minstrel rapture swell?

Ans: A minstrel was a travelling singer or poet cum singer who sang or rioted either as a wandering entertainer or a
regular member of a nobleman is house hold and the “Minstrel rapture swell” refers to the rapturous composition
which makes a noble sound for the people who does something special for the country or for the great patriot.

Q#9 What is meant by doubly dying and why a person faces these consequents?

Ans: Doubly dying means two deaths. Firstly, he will receive his natural death. Secondly, he will die in the heart of
the people. It means that his fame will destroy forever in the heart of the people. The person faces this consequence
because he remained self centered character and did all the things to satisfy his own stator.

Q#10 Who goes to the dust unwept, unhounound and unsung?

Ans: A person who has no love to his country goes to the dust unwept, unhonoured and unsung. He faces this
consequences because in the course of getting social status tittles, wealth and name, he’s they its centre entirely on
his own selfish interest. He totally enjoy his country and no praise/ admiration to them.

"ABOU BEN ADHEM"

Introduction of the Poet

James Henry Leigh Hunt was born in 1784. He was a religious man educated at Christ Hospital. He then became the
editor and writer of a newspaper called The Examiner. His early poems are The Story of Remini and Endymion. The
earliest poems he wrote were published when he was in school. In English Literature, Leigh Hunt is known for his
achievements as an editor, a critic and an essayist and not so much as a poet.

Introduction of the Poem

Abou Ben Adhem is a poem with a religious concept. The poet has conveyed the ideas of happiness, peace and love
through easy and flowing rhymed couplets.
“Love is in your heart which is given by God, so give it to others.”
_____________________________________________________________________ John Keats
The poem consists of 2 stanzas, which are composed of 11 lines. It also has some archaic words.

Summary

Abou Ben Adhem was a religious person. One night when he was sleeping peacefully in his room, a sparkling
light woke him up. He found out that this bright light was due to the presence of an angel who was writing
something in a golden book. Being a pious man, Abou was not afraid of the Angel and the silence in the room
made him more courageous. He asked the angel what he was writing in the book. The reply Abou heard was
that he was writing the names of all those people who love God. Abou asked the angel curiously if his name was
in the list. The angel replied was negative. He then politely requested the angel to write his name as those
people who love God’s fellow men. The angle wrote and disappeared. The other night, it came again with a still
glistening light and displayed the names of people whom God had blessed. Abou Ben Adhem saw that his name
was on the top of the list and it led all the rest.

Moral

This poem conducts the idea that we should love humanity and care for people.
“To get love from God, love the board.”

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 21
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

MCQ’s
1. The poem “Abou Ben Adhem” is composed by ____________.
Leigh Hunt Sir Henry Wotton Walter Scott Thomas Campion

2. The poem Abou Ben Adhem is ____________ poem.

Romantic Religious Supernatural None of them

3. Abou Ben Adhem was born at ____________.

London America Sussex Essex

4. Abou Ben Adhem was the son of ____________.

Lawyer Farmer Clergyman Teacher

5. Abou Ben Adhem saw ____________ in his room.

Angle Lilly Moon Stars

6. Abou Ben was the Editor of ____________ newspaper.

Examiner Dawn Times News

7. Abou Ben Adhem criticized on ____________ in his weekly newspaper.

Prince Regent Prince Edward Henry James

8. Abou Ben Adhem was born in ____________.

1784 1795 1821 1822

9. Making it rich and like a ____________ in bloom.

Lily Jasmine Violet Rose

10. An angle was writing in the book of ____________.

Silver Allah Gold

11. Abou Ben Adhem love his ____________.

God Fellow men Companion

12. Leigh hunt was died in ____________.

1859 1860 1850 1855

ABOU BEN ADHEM

Q#1 Explain briefly and simply how Abou Ben Adhem demonstrated his love of God?

Ans: Abou Ben Adhem, a very ascetic man, expressed his love to God by expressing his love to man kind. He
loved his fellow-beings to love God you need to love your fellow men first.

Q#2 What was the angel doing at first night in the room of Ben Adhem?

Ans: When Ben Adhem awoke first night from a deep dream of peace he saw an angel in his room, and
writing some thing in a book of gold.

Q#3 What did Ben Adhem request to the angel?

Ans: He asked the angel to write his name as one who loves his fellow-men

Q#4 Why was the name of Ben Adhem on the top of the last list, showed by the angel?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 22
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Ans: The last list contained the names of those people whom had blessed His love and affection. In that list
the name of Abou Ben Adhem was on the top of the list, because he loved his fellowmen, most, that’s why
God loves him most.

Q# 5 What is the message of the poem?

Ans: The poet tries to convey the idea to us that a man can not have the love of God unless he does not love
his fellowmen. It means to love our lord we should love our fellow being first, because what counts most in
our lives is what we serve for others.
Only a life lived in the service to others is worth living. (Albert Einstein)

Q#6 What is the motive behind the poem “Abou Ben Adhem”?

Ans: This poem possesses the great message. The poet tells that the best way to show our love God is to his creature.
Because God loves these who love their fellow men.

INCIDENT OF FRENCH CAMP

Introduction of the Poet

The poem The Incident of French Camp is composed by great English poet Robert browning. The browning was
extremely religious and because of his religious opinions, he was excluded from university or public school. He was
educated at home under a private tutor, and spends his modest time in gathering the best literature in English, French,
Latin and Greek.

Introduction of the Poem

This is subjective poem; the incident reported in this dramatic poem happened in 1809. The poem for all its
weaknesses is fast moving and exciting, the poem consisting of 35 lines of regular rhythm.

Summary

In this poem, Browning paints the picture of an incident of the French Camp, in dramatic version. He describes the
heroic action of a wounded soldier, who’s heroic devotion to duty and his pride in it and inspiring and worthy of
admiration. The poet has given a poetic amount of incidence that took place during the attack of French army on
German City Ratisbon.
During the attack of French army on Ratisbon, Napoleon was much worried about the result. Germans were defending
Ratisbon with great determination and coverage. Napoleon’s future plan depends upon the result. Napoleon was not
able to conquer Germany and neighboring states. He was standing on mound near the battlefield watching the war.
All of sudden a rider appeared from the closed smoke and dust. Full galloping he approached near the mound where
Napoleon was standing. As the came closer Napoleon notice that he was a young boy seriously wounded and not far
from his death. As he came near he jumped of the horse and gave happy news of victory. He exclaimed with joy that
French had conquered the Ratisbon and he himself has hoisted the flag of France on German city with a little touch of
pride in lie tone he informed Napoleon that he has played an important role in the victory at the risk of his life.
Actually he expected some words of appreciation from his Emperor.
“A work of real merit wants favour at last.”
MCQ’s
1. “The poem incident of a French camp” is composed by______________.
Robert Browning Tennyson Shelly Patmore

2. Napoleon was the emperor of ______________.

France Germany Italy England

3. Ratisbon is in ______________.
Russia France Germany America

4. The modern name of Ratisbon is ______________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 23
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Regensburg Rajasthan Russia Ruratania

5. Napoleon was standing on the little ______________.

Rock Mound Hill Mountain

6. The rider came on the ______________ back.

Donkey Horse Camel Name of them

7. The rider kept his ______________compressed.

Legs Lips Forehead Arms

8. ______________birds is talked in the poem.

Sparrow Eagle Vulture Cuckoo

9. Robert browning was born in ______________.

1813 1812 1814 1851

10. The rider did not draw the ______________ until he reached the mound.
Bridle Saddle Harness Whip

11. Horse’s mane means ______________.

Fur Short hair of horse Human being None of them

12. Robert browning was died in ______________.

1889 1890 1899 1900

INCIDENT OF THE FRENCH CAMP

Q#1 Where is Ratisbon? And what its modern name?

Ans. Ratisbon is in Bavario, Germany and its modern name is Regensburg.

Q#2 Where was Napoleon standing and what was he thinking?

Ans. Napoleon was standing on a little mound and two possibilities were revolving in his mind. Napoleon was
thinking about the fulfillment of the plan, only in the condition when his army leader reached at the highest
place otherwise his plan would fail.

Q#3 Who come on the horse and why did he keep his lip’s compressed?

Ans. A young rider comes on the horse back in full galloping. He kept his lips compressed together because was
wounded from the chest, and he scared if he would lose lips tightness so the blood will come through his mouth.

Q#4 Explain lines “The chief’s eye flashed, but presently softened itself, as sheathes?

Ans. These lines shows the manifestation of joy and the mind emotions of the Napoleon eyes flashed because his
plan had succeeded but he became soft when he saw wounded soldier.

Q#5 Why was then a smile on the face of rider?

Ans. There was a smile on the rider’s face because he did his duty bravely and he got himself satisfy from what his
commander ordered him.

Q#6 Explain briefly, the film of eagle’s eye?

Ans. Every creature loves his younger. The same case is also applicable on the eagle’s eye. When an eagled
takes it’s tranced breath in front of its mother eagle. So, it is not tolerable for her. The same condition is hurled
over Napoleon at the time of soldier’s death.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 24
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q#7 What is the central Idea of the poem?

Ans. The brave soldiers are ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of his country but they will remember in the
hearts forever. “Martyrs, never dies.”

Q#8 What was Napoleon doing when his troops stormed Ratisbon?

Ans: When the French troops stormed Ratisbon the leader of the forces, Napoleon, was standing on a little
mound. He was very much distressed and disheartened fearing lest he should fail in getting his targets.

Q#9 What kind of person brought him the news that the assault had been successful?

Ans: A very young soldier of Napoleon’s army brought him the news of their successful attack.

Q# 10 Why did the boy hold on to his horse’s mane and keep his lips compressed, when he stood near
Napoleon?

Ans The young boy who brought the news of successful assault was dangerously injured and continuous
bleeding made him feeble that’s why he was holding the mane of the horse. Still he did not want to show his
weakness to his master. So he was compressing his lips to tolerate the pain and ceasing the blood to flow from
the mouth.

Q#11Why did the boy contradict Napoleon’s words,” You are wounded”?

Ans: The boy was although badly wounded but still he did not wish to reveal his fragility to his commander so
he contradicted the true reality, “You are wounded.”

Q#12 What metaphors did the poet use in the 2nd last stanza of the poem?

Ans: The poet metaphorically called Napoleon an eagle and the young boy, an eaglet, in the fourth stanza.

Q#13 Who was Napoleon and what was he thinking about?

Ans: Napoleon was the emperor of France. Napoleon was thinking about the position of the now, planning and the his
failure. He was thinking that of his army leader Lanes might waver the boundary wall of the enemies, his plan would
fail.

Q#14 What happened when Napoleon was standing on the mound?

Ans: Napoleon was standing on the mound and was engaged in the deep thinking. He saw a horse rider who came to
him and stood himself erect by taking the support of the horse man. Them he opened the good news of victory to him.
Q#15 How did he open the news of victory before Napoleon?

Ans: The rider was basically the soldier and they are known for their discipline. He reached near Napoleon and stood
himself great before Napoleon with the support of horse’s mane. Even though he was wounded, he didn’t show his
injury before him and told him that his army has captured the city of Ratisbon and our flag was waving on the high
position.

Q#16 Why was the rider happy after delivering the message?

Ans: The rider was happy after delivering the message because he was satisfied to himself and his duty. He had
planted the flag and made Napoleon aware about the news of victory.

Q#17 What did the rider tell him about the position of the war?

Ans: The rider came on the sores back at full galloped and told the emperor that by the grace of god. We have
conquered Ratisban and our Marshall is in the market place and you will be visited there in no time to see your flag
waving on the elevated position.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 25
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

"THE TOYS"
Introduction of the Poet

The Toys in one of the beautiful poems composed by Conventry Patmore. Conventry Patmore was born in London in
1823. He had a religious bend of mind deeply associated with the everyday happenings of life. His publications are
The Angel in the House and The Unknown Eros and Other Odes. Patmore died in 1896.

Introduction of the Poem

The poem conveys the idea of mercy of God through an incident in the Poet’s house. The verses of this poem are
different from other poems. The lines are uneven and are rhymed in an irregular manner.

Summary

One night, the poet scolded his son for disobeying orders and talking in loud voice. The child went quietly to his
bedroom with a gloomy heart. After some time, the poet realized that he had made a mistake, as his son was lonely
and his mother had died. No one was there to cheer him up.
The poet, went into his son’s bedroom thinking that his child must be weeping and trying to sleep. But when he
entered the room, he saw the boy calmly sleeping in bed. The poet noticed marks of tears on his cheeks. He also saw
some toys neatly arranged on a table besides his son, which were kept to comfort the sad heart. The sight of the room
was very uncomfortable for the poet. He felt sorry for his attitude and learning the importance of toys for the child.
The poet was inspired by the whole incident. He kissed his son and cleared the tears in his eyes. He understood that
God loves his fellowmen more than a father loves his son. Then why should not God forgive the people who commit
mistakes. He also realized that as the toys were of no importance to him, this world has no worth before God. We only
console our hearts by the beauty of this world. This thought gave the poet a New Hope. He prayed all night with the
feeling that God is merciful and would forgive him.

Moral

We should forgive the mistakes of people and live with a friendly atmosphere. God is merciful on us and he forgives
those people who forgive the mistakes of human beings.
“Let me be a little kindness, let me be a little blinder to the faults of those around me.”
MCQ’s
1. The poem “The Toys” is composed by ______________.
Shelly William words worth Coventry Patmore Robert Browning

2. Coventry Patmore was ______________ man.

Romantic Religious Social Cultural

3. The son of Coventry Patmore disobeyed his law ______________times.

Ten Five Six Seven

4. The ______________ of the Patmore’s son was died.

Brother Sister Mother Father

5. The son of Patmore comforted him by ______________.

Toys T.V Books Magazines

6. Coventry Patmore visited the ______________ of his son.

Garden College School Bedroom

7. Coventry Patmore was born is ______________.

1823 1817 1827 1822

8. The wife of Coventry Patmore was ______________woman.

Cruel Patient Quarrelsome Insane

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 26
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

9. The son of Patmore behaves like by ______________.

Infant Child Old Grown up wise

10. The son of Patmore arranged ______________ copper coins.

2 3 5 4

11. The hast molded from ______________.

Clay Sand Fire Air

12. Coventry Patmore was died in ______________.

1896 1899 1890 1880

THE TOYS
Q#1 How did the son of Coventry Patmore usually behave?

Ans. The son of Coventry Patmore usually behaved in a route way. He acted and spoke just like the mature people.

Q#2 Why did poet visit his bedroom and how did he find there?

Ans. The poet visited his bedroom only to inquire that the grief would hinder him from sleeping but he found
him slumbering deep. His eye lids wet dark and his eye lashes wet still wet dues to late sobbing.

Q#3 What toys did he decorate on the table and why?

Ans. The poet’s son put with in his reach a box of counters, a red veined stone a piece of abraded glass, six and
seven shells, a bottle of blue bells and two French copper coins on the table. He put the toys only to
satisfy/console his sad heart because of the behaviour of his father.

Q#4 Briefly explain what religious idea Coventry Patmore drew from the incident described in The Toys.

Ans: The poet concluded the poem with the idea of logical possibility of the forgiveness of God. He drew this
religious idea from the experience of his personal domestic life, when his son not only disobeyed him but
disrespectfully spoke to him. He punished his child, and after some while forgave him. So he thinks that God
might forgive our mistakes, because He loves us more than a father loves his children.

Q#5 Why did the poet punish his little son?

Ans: The poet punished his little child because his child misbehaved him and spoke to him disrespectfully after
having disobeyed his command seven times. The poet could not control himself and not only scolded his child
but also struck him and sent him away from his room harshly.

Q#6 How did the little child get himself consoled?

Ans: The child after being punished by his father started crying and went to his room. There he consoled his
sad heart by playing his little toys. He had a box of counter, a coloured stone, a bottle with blue bell, an
abraded piece glass and two French copper coins. He placed them in an order, and got some consolation by
arranging them.

Q#7 What pray did the poet ask to God at night?

Ans: When at night the poet prayed to God he asked Him in the prayer that we all human being are fallible and
always disobey the good and the beneficial commands of God, and always busy in getting pleasure from our
so called worldly toys. But still he is hopeful that may God will leave His anger, on the Day of Judgment, and
forgive our all mistakes, because He loves us more than a father loves his children.

Q#8 What did the child do and what behaviour was received by him?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 27
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Ans: The child of Coventry Patmore disobeyed his la seven time that’s he received the punishment to his father. His
father (the poet) struck him, scolded him and sent him away unkissed.

Q#9 Why did the father (poet) visit the bedroom of his son?

Ans: the father visited the bedroom of his son because he feared that the child’s grief would hinder him from sleep.

Q#10 What did the poet find in the room of his child?

Ans: When the poet entered in the room of his child he found him fast asleep. He saw that the lashes are wet yet and
the eyelids are darkened due to the moaning. He further saw that the table was lying beside the beside and the toys are
decorated on it skillfully.

Q#11 What did the son of the poet do after his father punished him?

Ans: The son of the poet felt much grief due to the attitude of his father towards him while his mother was not the part
of this world. He locked him in the room and draw a table by his bed and put the toys within his reach to satisfy his
heart, the toys included the box of counter, red veined stone , a piece of rubbed glass, Dly, or seven shells, a bottle
with blue bills, and two copper coins.

PROSE SECTION
PAKISTAN ZINDABAD
Introduction

Part-1

This article, falling into two parts, speaks of the birth of Quaid-e-Azam. Part-1 recounts the father of the nation,
Quaid-e-Azam, arrival in Karachi. It tells us the great leader’s feelings on the occasion of joy after achieving his goal.

Part-2

Part-2 describes the year 1933, when Chaudary Rehmat Ali coined the word Pakistan as a name of a Muslim state to
be carved out in this sub-continent. This idea was adopted by the Muslim League in march, 1940. The Quaid-e-Azam
then declared “No power on earth can prevent Pakistan”. He met stiff opposition from the Hindus. To counter it he
founded the well known English newspaper Dawn. Even some Muslim were against him and a Khaksar attacked him
with a knife. The Quaid-e-Azam survived and struck to his guns. Even Gandhi-Jinnah talks failed. Finally, Britain
decided at the end of this second world war to quit on 15th August, 1947, and hand over her powers to the two new
states. This was a great victory for Quaid-e-Azam. Terrible time was followed at the time of patrician when half a
million Muslims were killed or carried away for prisoners. Five and half million Hindus left Pakistan while six and
half million Muslims migrated here. The last year of Quaid-e-Azam’s life was made terrible due to the fate of
Kashmir.

Summary

Part-1

On 7th August, 1947 a vast crowd had gathered at the Maripur Airport, Karachi to welcome the founder of the nation.
Quaid-eAzam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He arrived there as the first Governor General of their new state Pakistan. As
soon as he appeared before them, they cried out with one voice, Pakistan Zindabad.

From the airport the Quaid-e-Azam drove to the city through their unceasing shouts of joy. But he kept quite calm and
betrayed no emotions. Perhaps his thoughts were with numerous persons who were being killed in their effort to reach
their new homeland. It was only on Independence Day that he went to the balcony and smiled for a few moments at
the cheering crowd. The people then saw how warmhearted he really was.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 28
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Though tired, the Quaid-e-Azam had the satisfaction that he had done the major part of the work. Indian Muslims
were a small defeated group. But under his leadership. They had become the fifth largest Muslim state of the modern
times.

A few days later, the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared that every one is allowed to live according to
their religion in the state of Pakistan.

Part-2

The word Pakistan was invented by Chaudary Rehmat Ali, in 1933. Its initials are taken from various parts of Muslim
areas like P for The Punjab, K for Kashmir, and it denotes the land of the people who are spiritually pure and clean.

In 1940, they passed a Pakistan Resolution, which was the great landmark in the history of Muslims. It decided that
Muslim and Hindus are separate nations and they should be divided in no time.

The Quaid-e-Azam made the people aware by visiting and publishing a newspaper which he called Dawn. Muslims
welcomed the newspaper of his own. After that Quaid-e-Azam and Gandhi met for the last time to reach an agreement
but all went vain. Britain declared that she would give India self government and leaving the India by 15 th of August,
1947. They should decide in no time either they want to join Pakistan or India. The N.W.F.P, Balochistan, Sindh, The
West Punjab and the West Bengal voted for Pakistan which had seventy million persons. Forty million Muslims were
left in India. At last Pakistan and India came into being as two separate states.

Pakistan’s first year was terrible. Half million Indian Muslims were either killed or taken prisoner. Six and half
million Muslims had to leave their homes and came to Pakistan as refugees from India atrocities. The Quaid-e-Azam
was shocked at the killing and destruction. Despite this he extended his hand of friendship towards India saying that
one who is an enemy of today may very well become a friend tomorrow.

The Quaid-e-Azam was now old, ill and tired. But the last year of his life made him very sad when he learnt that the
Hindu Maharaja of Kashmir had made over the state of India against the wishes of its Muslim inhabitants who wanted
to belong to Pakistan. But the great leader was took weak struggle for a just solution of the Kashmir issue. He was
away from Karachi but flew back to it and died ther. He was buried into the heart of the city.

Questions Answers

Q.NO. 1: Who named our country Pakistan?

Answer: Choudhury Rahmat Ali, a Cambridge student, coined the name of Pakistan in 1933, in a pamphlet,
named, “Now or Never.” He passed his life fighting for the same idea.

Q.NO. 2: How many people crossed the borders at the time of partition?

Answer: When the sub-continent was partitioned in to Pakistan and India, and people got freedom to choose
the part of land to live on, they immediately travelled to cross the borders of newly made countries.
Six and half millions Muslims left India and five and half million Hindus left Pakistan.

Q.NO. 3: How was the acronym of Pakistan made?

Answer: Choudhury Rahmat Ali wrote in his pamphlet, “Now or never”, that Pakistan is a word of Urdu and
Persian languages. Pak (Urdu) means “pure and clean”, and stan (Persian) means “land/place”. So
Pakistan means Land of pure and clean people. It is composed of the letters taken from the different
homelands of Muslims (Asian and Indian). It means that Punjab, Afghania (NWFP), Kashmir, Iran,
Sindh (inc. Kuch and Kathiwar), Tukharistan and Balochistan.

Q.NO. 4: Who was the first Governor General of Pakistan?

Answer: Quaid-e-Azam was made the first Governor General of Pakistan, in reward of his struggle, and
because of his wise leadership through out the Pakistan movement.

Q.NO. 5: Who was the last Viceroy of India?

Answer: In the crucial period of Indian history and at the time of final settlement of Hindu-Muslim dispute
Lord Mount Batten was sent to the Sub-continent, as the last Viceroy of India to find out the best
way to hand over the government to Muslims and Hindus.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 29
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q.NO. 6: When and where was the Pakistan resolution passed?

Answer: In an annual meeting of All India Muslim League, from 22nd to 24th March 1940 at Lahore, a
resolution was passed on 23rd March 1940. It was called “Pakistan Resolution”. Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah presided the meeting and A.K. Fazl-e-Haque proposed the resolution. It was
acknowledged and accepted readily and whole-heartedly by the leaders and the audience alike.

Q.NO. 7: State briefly what the Pakistan resolution declared?

Answer: Pakistan resolution declared that all the Muslims of sub-continent would not agree to any plan that
failed to give them independence and sovereignty at state level. In other words they wanted all areas
of sub-continent where there were more Muslims than Hindus to be combined and made an
independent sovereign state.

Q.NO. 8: What were the provinces that voted to join Pakistan?

Answer: The provinces that voted and wanted to join Pakistan were: Sindh, The North-West frontier Province,
Punjab, Sylhet and East Bengal. Some other provinces and states, too, wanted to join Pakistan but due
to some untold reasons they were not allowed to do so.

Q.NO. 9: Why did Kashmir not join Pakistan?

Answer: The state of Kashmir was sold to the British only for 75 lacks by a Hindu Maharaja Dogar Singh. He
didn’t want Kashmir to join Pakistan, even though Kashmir was the state of Muslim majority.

Q.NO. 10: How large was the population of Pakistan when it became independent?

Answer: At the time of independence, the population of Pakistan is as large as 70 millions. Although some
other, about 40 millions Muslims, were left in other part of the continent, India, but still it can be said
that the majority of the Muslims now got their own home in the form of Pakistan.

Q.NO. 11: How does Pakistan compare in size and population with the other nations of the world?

Answer: When Pakistan appeared on the globe it was the largest Islamic State and the fifth greatest state of the
World with respect to size and population.

Q.NO. 12: Why does the writer apply the word terrible to the first year of Pakistan’s history as an independent
nation?

Answer: When Pakistan got rid of British domination and tried to establish a new democracy it had to face a lot
of difficulties. Because it had no capital, no infra-structure, no machinery and no any other favourable
circumstances to start with. More than that planned riots among Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims
compelled millions of people to migrate across the borders. That crucial part of history of newly born
Pakistan is rightly called “the terrible first year”.

Q.NO. 13: Where is the tomb of Quaid-e-Azam?

Answer: After the death of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah the nation greatly esteemed him, in fact,
sacred him as holy and buried him, with honour, in the centre of the city he was born in. So his tomb
is in Karachi where he is peacefully resting under a glorious mausoleum.

Q.NO. 14: What was the difference between Jinnah and Gandhi?

Answer: Primarily the major difference between Jinnah and Gandhi was that Gandhi was a traditional
politician, diplomatic in his approach towards all political issues, and Jinnah was as out-spoken and
straight forward as no other politician can be compared with. Besides this they both were the best
explanation of Two-Nation Theory. Gandhi was, all in all, a Hindu and Jinnah was, through and
trough, a Muslim. They had profound Principal Contradictions between them.

Q.NO. 15: What was the age of Quaid-e-Azam at the time of death?

Answer: He was over seventy when the struggle against his all sufferings, diseases and weakness, came to an
end.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 30
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

MCQ’S
1. “Pakistan Zindabad” is written by ____________.

John Milton John Walton John Brown John Rockefeller

2. A shining, silver aircraft circled over the airport at ____________.

Mauripur Malir Drig Road Korangi

3. ____________was the first Governor General of Pakistan.

Liaquat Ali Khan Quaid-e-Azam Ghulam Muhammad Lord Mountbatten

Muhammad Ali Jinnah
4. The Muslims who tried to reach their new homeland, were attacked and killed on the roads and
____________.

Railways Airport Seaports Forests

5. A small defeated group of the Muslim had become the__________ largest nation in the world.

Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh

6. The Pakistan resolution was passed on ____________.

21st March 1940 22nd March 1940 23rd March 1940 24th March 1940
7. The name Pakistan was invented in ____________.

1933 1934 1935 1936

8. The word Pakistan was invented by ____________.

Choudhary Khaliq-uz- Choudhary Rahmat Ali Ghulam Muhammad Khawaja Nazim-ud-din

Zaman
9. Choudhary Rahmat Ali was then a ____________ student.

Cambridge Harvard Moscow Turk

10. The Quaid-e-Azam founded a newspaper called____________.

News Dawn Muslim Jews

11. Lard Mountbatten become the last Viceroy of India in ____________.

February 1947 March 1947 April 1947 June 1947

12. ____________ Muslims were leaving Pakistan.

Four and half million Five and a half million Six and a half million Seven and a half million
13. The Quaid-e-Azam died on ____________.

8th September, 1948 9th September 1948 10th September 1948 11th September 1948

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 31
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

"BIRKENHEAD DRILL"
Introduction

Birkenhead Drill is a story of extravagant deed of heroism and shvarism shown by the soldiers of British 963Army.
The Birkenhead Drill was a troop ship, which come across with sudden accident which has brought a dramatic change
in the life of soldiers.
Birkenhead Drill means Women and Children First is the order followed on all ships that are in danger. Birkenhead
Drill means today to stand be still facing certain death so that the weaker ones may have a chance of life.
“Some people born great
Some people have greatness
Some people achieve greatness
We should make our lives sublime”

Summary
Birkenhead Drill was a military ship. In February 1851, it was going to South Africa with troops and their families.
There were a total of six hundred and thirty people on board out of which one hundred and seventy were women and
children. The rest were inexperienced military men and officers. At 2 a.m. on 25th February, when this ship was near
Cape Town, it strokes a massive rock that was not shown on any of the maps. This sudden jerk broke the ship into two
pieces. The front half soon sank but the hind half stayed afloat. Most of the people manage to reach the rear part.
There were only 3 lifeboats left undamaged with a capacity of 60 persons per boat. Only 180 people could be saved in
this way. The others would draw because the damaged military ship could not float much longer. This situation should
have caused a panic on the ship. Unlike other happenings, there was no panic or confusion in the boat. The trained
soldiers managed complete discipline and were successful in transferring some women and children into the lifeboats.
The captain and soldiers stood line by line as if they were on their daily drill. Every one was loyal to his duty and
himself. A commander set an example by giving his life for two young soldiers. When the commander was hanging on
to some piece of wood, he saw two young soldiers struggling in the water. He allowed them to hold on wreckage. But
the commander realized that the wreckage could not bear the weight of the three persons so he let go his hold and
went into the water for ever. Due to complete management of discipline, 194 people were saved but 436 men drowned
forever in the deep waters. Moral The undiminished order of the soldiers presented in the article reflects the quality of
sacrifice and devotion in mankind. We should stand till facing certain fate so that the weak ones may have a chance to
live. This has been known as Birkenhead Drill since then.
“DUTY, THAT WHICH STERNLY IMPELS US IN THE DIRECTION OF PROFIT, ALONG THE LINE OF
DESIRE.”

QUESTIONS ANSWERS

Q.NO. 1: When and where did the Birkenhead sink?

Answer: It was approximately 64 km / 40 miles away form Cape Town in South Africa that the troopship
Birkenhead struck a hidden rock twice and readily sunk under the waters.

Q.NO. 2: What kinds of people were being carried as passenger on Birkenhead?

Answer: The Birkenhead was a kind of troopship. Some British soldiers were going to South Africa with their
families by the ship. Most of them were young, and recently had joined the Army. So they all were
inexperienced not prepared for unfavourable circumstances.

Q.NO. 3: How did the Birkenhead come to be wrecked? Was any member of her crew to blame?

Answer: the wreck of the ship was caused by a under water rock. The Birkenhead collided the rock which was
hidden under the surface of the water. No member of the crew was to be blamed for the devastation
because none of them ever knew about it. It was not shown in any of the map and they had never been
told about it before.

Q.NO. 4: Why was there life boats accommodation for only 180 people after collision with the rock?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 32
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: After the Birkenhead struck the hidden rock twice most of the life boats were damaged or completely
destroyed. Only three of them were, fortunately, there in a useful condition. Each life had a capacity
of sixty passengers. It means only 180 passengers could be accommodated in those boats.

Q.NO. 5: Was there enough room in the life boats for all the women and children on the board?

Answer: Out of six hundred and thirty passengers of the ship there were only one hundred and seventy women
and children. So when the ship came to be wrecked and life boats had to be used to escape all women
and children were placed in the boats easily because the boats had the capacity of 180 passengers and
they all were only 170.

Q.NO. 6: What would probably have happened had there been a panic?

Answer: Had there been a panic on the Birkenhead not a single person out of six hundred and thirty would
have been saved. In the huddling confusion they, running to get place in the life boats, might have
pushed one another into the waters, they might have crushed old and weaker-ones, women and
children under feet or the boats might have been over loaded and sunk under weight. In all cases there
would have been least chances of survival for them.

Q.NO. 7: Describe the behaviour of the soldiers while the women and children escaped in the boats?

Answer: When all women and children were accommodated in the boats and went away all the soldiers, by
then, were standing on the deck, respective to their ranks, calmly and quietly, facing the death by
sinking down the waters.

Q.NO. 8: Were many of the men rescued who remained on the sinking ship?

Answer: When all women and children were sailed away in the boats, after then, the soldiers who were
standing on the board tried to rescue their lives. But it was too late for them and only a few men could
be able to survive, to keep themselves, on the surface of the ocean. Four hundred and thirty six men,
out of six hundred and thirty, went down forever.

Q.NO. 9: How did the survivors among those left on the ship manage to save themselves?

Answer: The men who were able to survive themselves on the surface of the water held on the pieces of
wreckage of the devastated ship. Then a rescue ship arrived there and picked them all up.

Q.NO. 10: Describe one heroic action that took place after the Birkenhead went down?

Answer: All the soldiers on the ship displayed a heroic and sacrificing behaviour. Even the commander of the
troops set an example by saving two young sailors at the cost of his own life. He was hanging onto a
wreckage when he saw two young sailors were struggling in the waters. He pushed his wreckage
towards so that they too could have some support by it. But soon he realized that the wreckage was
strong enough to support all three. So he left his hold and went down forever.

Q.NO. 11: Were the troops on board the Birkenhead experienced and used to face dangers?

Answer: No, all the soldiers on the board were not only young but inexperienced as well. Most of them had
joined the forces recently. So they were not prepared of any kind of such circumstances.

Q.NO. 12: How do we know that they behaved with gallantry and discipline up to the very last?

Answer: One of the officers who were rescued by a ship, afterward, told that there was no confusion at all on
the Birkenhead. In fact there was perfect discipline among the soldiers. They were following the
commands as they were on their daily drill. There was not a muttering among them. Briefly they
showed such a heroic discipline that ever can only be imagined.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 33
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

MCQ’S
1. The essay “Birkenhead Drill’ is taken from____________.

Asok Readers, Book III Radiant Book III Brilliant Book III Verb and Usage edition
III
2. The Birkenhead was a ____________.

Car Aero plane Train Troopship

3. The Birkenhead was carrying British soldiers and their families to ____________.

The East Indies The West Indies South Africa South America
4. The Birkenhead was carrying British soldiers and their families to south Africa in ____________,

February 1849 February 1850 February 1851 February 1852

5. A hidden rock was ____________ from the coast of Cape Town in South Africa.

Twenty miles Thirty miles Forty miles Fifty miles

6. Only ____________ of the boats were in useful condition.

Two Three Four Five

7. ____________would find room in these three boats.

A hundred and sixty A hundred and seventy A hundred and eighty A hundred and ninety
8. There was perfect discipline and great heroism among____________.

The doctors The technicians The troops The engineers

9. The commander of the troops called on his men to gather together on deck____________.

In a reading In proper drill order In sleeping In riding position

10. ____________ Men went down for ever.

Four hundred and thirty Four hundred and thirty Four hundred and thirty Four hundred and thirty
five six seven eight
11. Birkenhead Drill means ____________.

To stand and be still To sit in the boat To fly in the storm To stand In an irregular
facing certain death order
12. Birkenhead Drill presents the story of soldiers ____________.

Unity Discipline Patience Bravery

THE UNITED NATIONS

Q.NO. 1: What is the manifesto or aim of the United Nations?
Answer: The aim of The United Nation is to prevent war in the world, and to reach a state of lasting peace. But
preventing a war is very difficult. The only way to refrain from war is to remove as many causes of
war as possible. So The United Nations focus on little quarrels that may lead to war among nations,
and to improve general conditions of ignorance, poverty, hunger and health all over the world.

Q.NO. 2: What is UN Day? What do we do on that day?

Answer: 24th October is celebrated all over the world as The United Nations Day. It was the day when the
United Nations came in to being in the year 1945 A.D. On that day we make promises ourselves to
improve the general atmosphere of sympathy, love, sincerity and brotherhood across the globe.
Q.NO. 3: How does the United Nations solve the problems of children all over the world?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 34
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: The United Nations has a special organization to solve the problems of children all over the world. It
is called UNICEF (United Nation’s Children Emergency Fund). UNICEF is the friend of children
around the world. It specializes in the relief of children.

Q.NO. 4: For how long the World War II had been fought?
Answer: The World War II had been fought from 1939 A.D to 1945 A.D around the world.

Q.NO. 5: When was the United Nations Organization founded and what inspired its foundation?
Answer: When The World War II was coming to an end, humanity had suffered a lot, by then. Longing of
peace, love and brotherhood was the strongest desire, aroused after facing the devastation at the
largest scale in the human history. Unfulfilled prophecy of The League of Nations came true on 24 th
October 1945 A.D. in the form of The United Nations, to prevent the world from destruction of the
same sort in future.

Q.NO. 6: How successful has the UNO been, so far, in preventing local war?
Answer: Truly admitting, the result has not been satisfactory, so far, in many cases. But UN has succeeded in
few cases in bringing the peace where there is no peace before. But, still, it has to go a long way
ahead. The path is full of spurges, so The UN can not spur.

Q.NO. 7: What part of the work of the U.N appears, so far, to have yielded the most promising results?
Answer: The UN has yielded the most promising results in the social and economical sphere. It has got a
positive and appreciable progress in improving the general conditions of life around the world.

Q.NO. 8: What are the important differences b/w the General Assembly and the Security Council?
Answer: General Assembly is the central and principal organ of the UN. Every member country around the
earth is represented there. It deals with issues related to peace and the betterment of happiness and
justice in the world.
The Security Council is an important organ of the UN. It has been made up of only fifteen members.
Five of them are permanent, and of the other ten three are elected each year for two years. It is made
to maintain the condition of peace and order around the globe.

Q.NO. 9: What is the designation of the Chief Officer of the U.N? For how long is he appointed and by whom?
Answer: The Secretary General is the chief officer of the UN. He is elected by the General Assembly with the
approval of the Security Council for five years term. He is responsible for each and every step taken
for the well-being of humanity and to sustain the peaceful environment across the world.

Q.NO. 10: How large a staff is employed by the Secretariat and where does it work?
Answer: The Secretariat, the headquarters of the UN, has employed a staff of more than three thousand five
hundred people, working directly under the Secretary General. The Secretariat has some other special
branches also with hundreds of employees at various other centres.

Q.NO. 11: What is the function of the International Bank?

Answer: The International Bank gives loans to the member countries to help in improving the general
condition of life, at least, in that part of the world, and to carry through the work of public welfare and
betterment.

Q.NO. 12: What do the initials W.H.O stand for, and what is the function of this organization?
Answer: W.H.O stands for World Health Organization. It was started in 1946, but it was established as a
permanent organization on 7th April 1948. It works on international health. It advises member nations
on public health and on the control of disease.

Q.NO. 13: What do the initials F.A.O stand for, and what is the function of this organization?
Answer: F.A.O stands for Food and Agricultural Organization. It was established in 1943. It advises member
countries on how to grow more food and other crops, on how to control plant and animal diseases,
how to protect food in storage, and in general how to increase the yield of farm, fisheries and forests.

Q.NO. 14: What is the function of UNESCO?

Answer: UNESCO stands for United Nations’ Education Science and Culture Organization. It is a special
organization which works to advance human well-being through education, science and culture. It, not

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 35
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

only, advises member countries on how to improve in knowledge, science and culture, but also
provides certain aids to carry through the work.

MCQ’S
1. The essay “The United Nations” is taken from ____________.
Radiant Reading Book Asok Readers, Book III Brilliant Book III Advanced learners Book
III III
2. In the spring of ____________, the Second World War was coming to an end.

1944 1945 1946 1947

3. The nations of the world came together in ____________.

March 1945 April 1945 June 1945 July 1945

4. The nations of the world organized ____________ in April 1945.

The U.N.O. The league of Nations The club of Members The Anjuman of
Members
5. The U.N.O. stands for ____________.

The United Arab The Union Soviet The United Nations The United Kingdom
Emirates Republic Organization
6. The headquarters of the U.N.O. is in ____________.

London is England Paris in France Moscow in Russia New York in the United
Sates of America
7. The U.N deals with ____________ that might lead to war among the nations.

Disputes Punctuality Regularity Nationality

8. The aim of the U.N is to prevent ____________ in the world.

Progress Peace War Prosperity

9. The Asian saw new types of boats in ____________.

China and India Afghanistan and Iran America and Cuba England and Scotland
10. Every year U.N. day is celebrated on ____________.

23rd October 24th October 25th October 26th October

11. The central and principal organ of the U.N is ____________.

The security Council The General Assembly The U.N.E.S.C.O The W.H.O
12. Each member nation has only ____________ I the general Assembly.

One vote Two votes Three votes Four votes

13. The security is made up of ____________.

Twelve members Thirteen members Fourteen members Fifteen members

14. China, France, the United Kingdom, the U.S.S.R and the United stated are ____________ of the
security Council.

Temporary members Permanent members Disqualified members Unsatisfied members

15. ____________ out of fifteen members are permanent.

Three Four Six Five

16. The temporary members of the Security Council are elected by ____________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 36
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

The General Assembly The Security Council The U.N.E.S.C.O The U.N.I.C.E.F
17. The Chief office of the U.N.O is ____________.

The president The Secretary General The Chairman The Chief

18. Ten temporary members of the Security Council are elected for____________.

One year term Two year terms Three year terms Four year terms
19. U.N.I.C.E.F specialization in the relief of ____________.

Children Men Woman Middle aged

20. W.H.O was started in ____________.

1944 1945 1946 1947

21. The permanent organization of W.H.O came into being on ____________.

7th April 1945 7th April 1946 7th April 1947 7th April 1948
22. ____________were cured who had yaws.

1,300,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,600,000

23. F.A.O was started in ____________.

1940 1941 1942 1943

"MY BANK ACCOUNT"

Introduction
My Bank Account is written by Stephen Leacock. He is one of the most popular mockers and article writer. His witty
articles are the best example of sardonic Mockery. The most of his stories like Brown Eyes, Freedom Cost, Behind the
Table are written in first person style.
“CONFIDENCE WITH FEAR LEAD TO MOCKERY.”___________________________________ Stephen

Summary
Our author had a particular kind of fear about banks. Every time he entered a bank, to do business, he felt awfully
frightened. The author was afraid of banks but he had to go to a bank, as he received a raise in his salary. As he
entered the bank his fear overlook him. In this panic, the author made number of stupid mistakes. He entered the bank
and demanded to see the manager alone. The author was taken to a private room. The manager was convinced that the
author was millionaire who wished to deposit millions of dollars. But the manager was very upset, when he learn that
the author wanted to deposit, fifty six dollars and that he would deposit fifty dollars every month. Quite obviously the
manager was irritated and directed him to the accountant, so that his account could be opened, which was duly done.
After having deposited fifty-six dollars. The author wanted to withdraw six dollars for his current use. In his
nervousness, the author made a blunder. Instead of writing a cheque for six dollars he had written fifty-six dollars. The
accountant looked at him in astonishment and asked if he wanted to withdraw all his money. The author realized his
mistake, but wanted to cover up his stupidness. So he replied he wanted to draw all his money. Author was feeling
miserable and he want to rush out of the bank sooner than he received his money, he rushed out of the bank as he did
so, a loud burst of laughter went up, to the roof of the bank.

Q.NO. 1: According to the author what is the effect upon him on entering a bank to do business?
Answer: The author says he is encompassed with fear and dread whenever enters a bank, and commits stupid
mistakes there under some obsession.

Q.NO. 2: Why did the author decide to open an account?

Answer: The author had to go to a bank because his salary had been raised to fifty dollars a month. So he
thought that bank was the best place to keep his money. That’s why he went to a bank to open an
account.

Q.NO. 3: What was the manger’s reaction when the author told him that he would like to see him alone?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 37
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: When the author asked the manager to meet him alone the manager became anxious. The author’s
mysterious behaviour made the manager worry to think that he might have some terrible secret to tell,
because the manager took him for a detective.

Q.NO. 4: Why did the manager look relieved when he knew the purpose of the author’s visit?
Answer: The manager felt relieved when he came to know that the author was not a detective, and had come to
open an account rather than any investigation.

Q.NO. 5: What is the equivalent of fifty American dollars in Pakistani currency?

Answer: One American dollar is valued at 60 Pakistani Rupees. Hence 50 American dollars is equal to 3000
Rs. (50 $ = 3000 Rs.)

Q.NO. 6: What mistake did the author make when he wrote the cheque?
Answer: When the deposited his amount (56 $) to his account he thought that he should draw some amount,
about six $, to meet his current need. He got the cheque book from the clerk and some one told him
how to write the cheque, but in mental panic he miswrote the amount of fifty six dollars instead of six.

Q.NO. 7: Explain the meaning of the clerk’s question “how will you have it?”
Answer: The clerk actually wanted to know from the author that in what number of currency or coin he would
like to get his drawn cash, like in one dollar, ten dollar or fifty dollar notes.

Q.NO. 8: Why was there “a roar of laughter” when the author left the bank?
Answer: When the author was getting out of the bank, he heard a roar of laughter which he thought would have
gone to the roof of the bank. It was surely on the stupid mistakes of the author, because when his
stupidity revealed, as obvious, all the clerks stopped writing and started watching him and enjoying
his follies. In the end when the author left the bank hurriedly they all showed the climax of their joy
by laughing at him.

Q.NO. 9: The author, Stephen Leacock, was a respectable university teacher and a highly successful writer. Do
you think this is a true story?
Answer: Stephen Leacock was a reasonable figure so this expectation that he would do such non-sense actions
is beyond reason. In fact he has created a fictitious situation as he created in most of his stories. The
doubt has been created only by using the narration in first person speech, otherwise it is mere fiction.

Q.NO. 10: Why is it wiser to keep one’s money in a bank than to hoard it in one’s home?
Answer: It is obviously wiser to keep one’s money in to a bank than to hoard it at home. Firstly, because it is
never safe at home, any dacoit or burglar may test his skill any time. Secondly, you may spend it for
your luxuries if it is at home. Finally, if the money is kept in the bank, not only you take the interest of
that but the as well. It might be used in different projects of public interest by the government.

MCQ’S
1. “My Bank account” is written by ____________.
Lack London Woodrow Wilson W.C. Fields Stephen Leacock
2. The author’s salary had been raised to ____________ a month.

Forty dollars Fifty dollars Sixty dollars Seventy dollars

3. The author went up to a place mark ____________.

Accountant Abbey Assistant Auditor

4. The author held his fifty six dollars pressed together in a ball in his ____________.

Pocket Cap Hat Car

5. Te author intended to place the was a ____________ in the bank now.

Thirty six dollars Fifty dollars Sixty dollars Seventy dollars

6. The author intended to place the sum of ____________ a month regularly in the bank.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 38
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Fort dollars Fifty dollars Sixty dollars Seventy dollars

7. Mr. Montgomery gave the author’s money to another____________.

Translator Manager Clerk Typist

8. The author wanted to draw a ____________.

Line Picture Map Cheque

9. The author’s idea was to draw out v of it for present use.

Four dollars Five dollars Six dollars Seven dollars

10. The author realized that he had written fifty six dollars instead of ____________.

Three Four Five Six

11. The clerk gave the author ____________.

A fifty dollar note A fifty rupee note A fifty pound note A fifty riyal note
12. The clerk heard the sound of a roar of ____________.

Opposition Lions Thunder Laughter

13. The author kept his money in his ____________.

Pocket Car Desk Box

14. The author kept his saving in silver dollars in a ____________.

Cop Hat Sock Doll

"The Wolves of Cernogratz"

Introduction
This is an interesting story about supernatural forces and strange happenings written by Saki H.H. Munro. The author
is well known for his tales of mystery and magical powers. The story is about an old castle and its owners, the
Cernogratz family who had to sell off their family castle, when their fortune turned against them. Thus, they
abondoned their ancestral family castle. As time went by, the castle was purchased by Gruebel family.

Summary
One of the last days of December, the Baroness, the new owner of the Cernogratz Castle, was engaged in a friendly
conversation with her guests. She was telling them about a strange legend attached to the castle. She said that
whenever someone died in the castle, all the wild beasts and wolves would appear from nowhere and start howling all
night long. But she quickly brushed this legend aside by saying that, it is only a gimmick to enhance the value of
castle. She also said that she did not believe in the legend as she had proof that nothing of the sort ever happened.
When her old mother-in-law died in the castle, nothing of the sort happened and no wolves appeared. According to her
it was utter rubbish and that there was no truth in the legend. That the people had merely invented a story so as to give
cheap publicity to the place. On hearing this account, Amalie von Cernogratz, an old governess employed in the
house, remarked:
“THE STORY IS NOT AS YOU HAVE TOLD IT. IT IS NOT WHEN ANY ONE DIES IN THE CASTLE, THAT
THE HOWLING IS HEARD. IT IS ONLY HEARD, WHEN A MEMBER OF THE CERNOGRATZ FAMILY,
DIES IN HIS FAMILY CASTLE THAT THE WOLVES APPEAR IN THEIR THOUSANDS AND START
HOWLING.”
The Governess strongly protested and insisted that the legend was quite true. She knew the family legend very well, as
she was the last of the great Cernogratz family. The old Governess repeated the actual legend in a note of defiance,
almost in contempt. She made it quite clear that no howling was heard if a stranger died in the castle. But if a
cernogratz died in his family castle, not only did the wolves would howl in chorus, but also a large tree would crash in
the park as the soul of the dying one left its body. Naturally the company showed its disbelief. They thought that the
old lady is pretending to be an important person. She knows that she will be soon past work and she wants to appeal to
our sympathies. That the old Amalie is making a false claim to be a Cernogratz. When the old Governess left the
room, the Baroness and her guests were convinces that, she is an ordinary woman and had some how learnt the
Cernogratz legend from the peasants living in the vicinity. Later on, some mysterious happenings proved every word

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 39
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

of the old governess. It so happened that the old governess fell ill and confined herself to her small, cheerless room.
Just then the company heard the howling of wolves. Moved by some impulse, the Baroness went to the Governess’s
room. To her horror, she found, all the windows open, despite the biting cold, while the old lady was lying on the
couch terribly sick. The Baroness rushed forward to shut the windows. But the Governess forbade her in a very stern
manner. She asked the Baroness to leave and let the windows be open, as she wanted to hear the “Death Music” of her
family. The Baroness announced to her guests that the old governess was dying. While the guests were talking, they
heard a loud noise of a tree splitting and then crashing down, with a loud thud. At that moment, the governess
breathed her last. The news of Amalie-von-Cernogratz’s death and her affiliation to the Cernogratz family was
confirmed in the newspaper, the following day. Amalie, the valued fried of the Baron and Baroness Gruebel had
passed away in her old family castle.

Q.NO. 1: What did Conrad ask his sister?

Answer: Conrad, a prosperous Hamburg merchant, asked his sister, a baroness who had purchased the castle of
Cernogratz, if there were any old legends attached to that castle, because there always were old
legends about such old places.

Q.NO. 2: What did the baroness think the legend was?

Answer: According to the baroness it is said that when any one dies in the castle all the dogs of the village and
all the wolves of the forest howl whole night long. But the baroness readily clarifies that it is not a
true story and she herself does not believe in it.

Q.NO. 3: What was the real story?

Answer: Amalie, the old governess of the baron family, hurriedly told that the story was not as the baroness
told it. The truth was that it all happened only when a Cernogratz died in his family castle, and for a
stranger, nothing of the sort ever happened. No howling would be heard and no tree would fall down
in the park, never.

Q.NO. 4: At what precise moment would a tree fall in the park?

Answer: When the soul of the dying one left its body a tree would fall down in the park.

Q.NO. 5: How did the governess know the real story?

Answer: The old governess claimed that she, herself, was a member of Cernogratz family. That’s why she
knew the real story of her ancestral castle.

Q.NO. 6: Why were the baron and the baroness angry with Amalie?

Answer: Both of them were angry with Amalie because they thought that she not only spoke disrespectfully
and disobediently but her claim of being a Cernogratz was an attempt to prove them inferior to her.

Q.NO. 7: When did the governess fall ill?

Answer: After the Christmas festivities the governess, who was very old and feeble, could not tolerate the cold
of the last days of December and fell dangerously ill.

Q.NO. 8: What was the first sign of the presence of wolves?

Answer: The baroness was, after the celebration of Christmas, having a chit-chat with her guests. Amid their
conversation when they were talking about the illness of the old governess suddenly the small lapdog
leapt from its cushion and crept under the sofa, shivering and trembling.

Q.NO. 9: Why did the governess insist on having her window opened?

Answer: The old governess insisted on having her window opened because she wanted to hear the traditional
death music of her family before dying. It was the sound of wolves which she could not have heard if
the window had been closed.

Q.NO. 10: What was the rational explanation of these strange events?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 40
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: There is no rational justification of these strange events. Though the guests attempted to reason out all
the happening that the cold was responsible for all the events but it was very weak argument because
why did it all happen at the precise moments, though the cold was there all the time. In fact we will
have to admit that there always are certain events that we can not explain rationally. They are beyond
our intellect, and they are superior to any physical law or connection. They are metaphysical and
super-natural.

MCQ’S
1. The Wolves of Cernogratz” is written by ____________.

Saki Carnegie Fields Rick ford

2. Conrad was a prosperous Hamburg ____________.

Cobbler Technician Merchant Driver

3. The baroness Gruebel was Conrad’s ____________.

Sister Neighbor Wife Teacher

4. The baroness mother in law died in the castle last ____________.

Spring Autumn Winter Summer

5. Amalie was the old ____________ to Baron and baroness.

Teacher Doctor Clerk Governess

6. The wolves howled at the edge of the ____________ just before the hour death.

Valley Hill River Forest

7. “I am a ____________ myself” said the old governess.

Fields Cernogratz Green Duke

8. Amalie’s ____________ spent much to tell many stories.

Brother Sister Father Mother

9. There was a ____________ when Amalie finished speaking.

Confusion Noise Roar Silence

10. The baron said angrily that the governess was just____________.

Jepson Pickford Sale Schmidt

11. After Christmas Amalie fell ____________?

Healthy Dissatisfied Discontent

12. Wappi was a very small woolly ____________.

Cat Donkey Lapdog Sparrow

13. Wappi, small wooly lapdog leapt suddenly down from its ____________.

Cupboard Table Desk Cushion

14. The wolves had come from far and wide to sing the ____________ of the Cernogratz family.

Dramas Death music Plays Birth music

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 41
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

SCIENCE AND SCIENTIST

Introduction
The writer of this article tells us what is meant by science. The layman just knows the meaning of words like
astronomer, Chemistry, Geology. He does not posses a scientific outlook and can’t even define it. He thinks that
history, politics, economics, art and religion are not sciences. Scientists also did no care to define it. But when they use
the word scientific as an epithet for some thing they generally mean that it is exact, precise and based on some sound
evidence. Generally speaking, science is not only a collection of ideas but also of rules and laws. It is, therefore, the
duty of the scientist to make experiments in order to arrive at the truth.

Summary
The layman has no definite ideas about science. To him science includes chemistry, biology, astronomy, physics, etc.
he is not sure whether engineering or medicine is science or not. But he is quite sure that art, religion, and politics are
not science at all. He can not even define science.
The scientist is more interested in doing scientific work than in defining it. When a scientist says that a book is
unscientific be means that it is inexact, that is badly arranged. He also means that the author of the book has not
arrived at his conclusion currently of that he has allowed his personal prejudice to influence his subject matter. By
scientific work he means that which is as exact as possible.
Science, in really is a vast collection of clearly expressed facts the truth of which can’t be tested when one wishes to
do so. It is also a collection of rules and laws which expresses the connection between these facts. In the old days
when men acquired knowledge in a careless and irregular manner and believed the statements of others without testing
them science made little progress. But ever since they began to leap and bounds.

Q.NO. 1: What is meant by the phrase ‘the man in the street’?

Answer: The phrase “the man in the street” means a common man who passes his every day life without
having any technical expertise in any field.

Q.NO. 2: What is meant by ‘jumping the conclusion’?

Answer: “Jumping to conclusion” means to maintain any theory, law or idea unscientifically. That is
concluding an argument without supplying sufficient evidences without going through the
experimental process.

Q.NO. 3: What is the meaning of ‘object’ in the last sentence of the second paragraph give at least two other
meanings with which the word can be used?
Answer: Here in this sentence the word “object” means purpose, aim or reason, but it can also be used in some
other different meanings. For example an “object” is a noun to which an action is directed, e.g. Italy
has won the FIFA World Cup. In this example “FIFA World Cup” is an object. Another meaning of
object is “thing”, e.g. how many objects are there in the room?

Q.NO. 4: What is the meaning of ‘unambiguous’?

Answer: The word unambiguous means “clear and obvious” that needs no further explanation.

Q.NO. 5: What is an experiment?

Answer: An experiment is a way to testify the truth or falsity of any scientific thought or hypothesis. In this
process we test different facts collected form observation under certain and controlled environmental
conditions.

Q.NO. 6: How do scientists prove that their facts are correct?

Answer: Scientists prove that their facts are correct by passing them through controlled and conditioned
experiment that any one, who dares to test them, can verify their truth or falsity.

Q.NO. 7: Write three sentences on ‘why a man in the street considers chemistry to be a science and art not to be
a science?’
Answer: A man in the street comprehensively maintain the idea that chemistry is a science because he knows
science deals with material objects and physical laws not mere imaginations or ideas. On the other

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 42
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

hand art is purely based upon mere ideas, imaginations and perceptions, but sometimes it does not
needs its material embodiment and happily rests in Utopia. That’s why he considers art as
unscientific.

Q.NO. 8: ‘I know that fat people are stupid because I have a cousin who is fat and he is very stupid.’ Explain
why these words reveal an unscientific outlook.

Answer: It looks totally unscientific because, firstly, it is based upon a weak induction, and in science no
universal statement can be made on merely a single observation. Secondly, it jumped to conclusion
without sufficient experimental evidences (i.e. without testing other fat people). Finally, it has an
unscientific because it looks like a biased opinion towards fat people.

Q.NO. 9: ‘I’ve always believed that girls are less intelligent than boys. I don’t care what the result of intelligent
tests show – I’m not going to change my mind.’ Explain why these words reveal an unscientific
outlook.

Answer: Science always believes and follows the facts and figures. If a person who does not accept the factual
truths and insists on keeping his personal prejudices in the first place shows his unscientific attitude of
mind. In the above example the case is same. The results of intelligent tests are the facts that reveal
that girls are more intelligent but the speaker’s insistence shows his personal prejudice against girls.
That’s why it is unscientific.

Q.NO. 10: Explain the difference between a fact of science and a law of science. If you are a student of science,
give an example of each.

Answer: Science is basically a combination of facts and laws. Facts are all phenomena or objects present in our
surrounding, and a scientific law is the connection between these facts. For example the earth and the
sun are the facts and the force of attraction is the law (connection) by which the earth is moving
around the sun.

MCQ’S
1. “Science and Scientist” is written by____________.
W.C. fields John D. Rockfeller F. Sherwood Taylor Lord Byron
2. The man in the ____________ has a very fair of the meaning of the word science.

Street Business Market Town

3. The man is the street is quite sure that politics, history art and religion are not ____________.

Subject Ancient Science Necessary

4. Unscientific means something is ____________.

Exact Inexact Idea Base

5. Scientific work means as ____________ as possible.

Inefficient Injustice Exact Inexact

6. ____________ is badly arranged.

Unscientific work Scientific work Published work Printed work

7. Science is a vast collection of ____________.

Facts Beliefs Emotions Feelings

8. Science is also a collection of rules or ____________.

Constructions Destructions Regularity Laws

9. Men hunted for ____________ in a random sort of way.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 43
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Knowledge Food Animal Fish

10. Science began to grow when the scientists made sure that their facts were right by doing
____________.

Experiences Experiments Rules and regulation Rules of law

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

Introduction

The writer of this article recounts the remarkable progress which science has made. He says science has made three
marked features.
1. The Scientific attitude of mind
2. The invention of scientific instrument for observation and measurement
3. The increasingly effective use of mathematics.
The work of great scientist Newton clearly illustrates that these three features are responsible for the great revolution
in the world of scientific attitude of mind insist on objective reasoning and aims to collect reasoning.

Summary

The writer of this article recounts the remarkable progress which science has made. He says science has made three
marked features.
1. The Scientific attitude of mind
2. The invention of scientific instrument for observation and measurement
3. The increasingly effective use of mathematics.
The work of the great scientist Newton demonstrates these three elements of modern science. He brought about a great
revolution in science and changed old beliefs because he acted upon these three important features. He worked on
such instruments as telescope and prism and then applied his mathematical theories to scientific research.
If two scientists, different from each other in all other things working in the same physical phenomena, they reached
the same conclusion about them. Their instruments will give them the same reading and universal law of mathematics
will bind the calculation of both of them.
Man has achieved a remarkable success in solving scientific problems but it is pity that he has failed to solve many
political and social problems. Science is doing much to diminish the social evils of poverty and disease. It has
enormously added to the comfort of man. It principles apply only to these things which can be observed and treated
mathematically. It has nothing to do with values such as happiness, goodness, duty, courage and justice.
Young people must be educated in modern science and without the education they will find this world in
comprehensible. They can not be a good citizen of the world or of their own country unless they are aware of the
values which under lie human beliefs motive and conduct. In this period of history, religion is of tremendous
importance to the good member of a good society.

Q.NO. 1: What is the difference between ‘objective thinking’ and ‘prejudiced thinking’?

Answer: Objective thinking means to strictly believe in the facts obtained from objects and not to allow your
personal believes to vitiate those objective truths. While a prejudiced thinking is the other name of
your personal believe based upon your emotions, liking or disliking, and hate or love etc. Some times
it has nothing to do with factual truths or general realities at all.

Q.NO. 2: Explain what is meant by the ‘universality of science and mathematics’?

Answer: The laws of science and mathematics are acceptable, verifiable and believable universally by each and
every person in all ages. They are equally understood and likely implemented around the globe by
every scientist or mathematician. This is called the universality of science and mathematics.

Q.NO. 3: Define ‘altruism’.

Answer: Altruism means to believe in working for the welfare and betterment of the other persons. An altruist
is a kind of unselfish or selfless person who always keeps the interests of the others in first place than
that of his own.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 44
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q.NO. 4: What is meant by ‘the humanities’?

Answer: Humanities are actually kinds of anthropologic studies. Humanities deal with all aspects of human life
and living. His mental, rational, physical, social and religious behaviours are various subject matters
of humanities. They include psychology, philosophy, sociology, ethics and religion.

Q.NO. 5: In what period does the writer appear to place the beginning of modern science?

Answer: The writer places the beginning of modern science in the seventeenth century. Actually it was the
period when Europe came out of the Dark Ages and got rid of barbarism and ignorance, and the
domination of church through a long, tiring, bloody movement which they call “Renaissance.” After
that period the industrial revolution started in Europe, which was the beginning of modern science.

Q.NO. 6: With what meaning is ‘values’ used in the above passage?

Answer: In the above passage the word Values means rules of morality or moral principles.

Q.NO. 7: In one sentence state what three features, in the writer’s opinion, are the most important
characteristics of modern science?

Answer: In writer’s opinion there are three most important features that characterized the striking progress of
science, the scientific attitude of mind, the development of instruments and the use of mathematics.

Q.NO. 8: The writer mentions four contributions made by science to the welfare of society? What are they?

Answer: According to the writer science has contributed a lot to the welfare of society as,
a) It has invented many objects for human interests.
b) It has widely added to human comfort.
c) It has tried, and is still trying, to diminish poverty.
d) It has enormously contributed to improve health, and cure diseases.

Q.NO. 9: What is the unusual about the construction of the last sentences in the last but one paragraph?

Answer: It does not carry the verb.

Q.NO. 10: The writer concludes by affirming that education should contain three elements, what are they?

Answer: The writer concludes his article by affirming that education should have the following three elements
without which a person, not only, can not understand his surrounding, but he can never be a good
member of a good society,
a) Modern science.
b) Awareness of the values which underlie human belief, motive and conduct.
c) Humanities and religion.

MCQ’S
1. Three features have marked the astonishing progress of science since____________.

The fifteenth century The sixteenth century The seventeen century The eighteenth century
2. The scientific attitude of mind insists on ____________.

Hesitation Reasoning Endurance Physical

3. The second feature is the development of host wonderful instruments for observation and
____________.

Statement Movement Measurement Commencement

4. The third feature is the increasingly effective use of ____________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 45
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Mathematics Grammar Language Business

5. Newton’s revolutionary theories were concerning gravity and ____________.

System Physical Medical Provincial

6. Newton was capable of reasoning strictly from ____________ evidence.

Symbol Sociological Physical Provincial

7. Newton was utterly independent of nonscientific traditional ____________.

Idioms Proverbs Customs Beliefs

8. Newton was a superb ____________ of his period.

Artist Mathematician Carpenter Painter

9. Two scientists observing the same physical phenomena are likely to reach the same ____________.

Observations Calculations Ideas Morality

10. Science has failed to solve so many political and ____________ problem.

Dramatic Proverbial Historical Social

11. Science has its ____________.

Assemblies Limitations Classes Rooms

12. The methods of science apply only to those things which can be observed, measured, and
treated____________.

Mathematically Religiously Socially Punctually

13. Science has nothing to do with ____________.

Facts Experiments Values Rules or laws of universe

14. Religion and the ____________ are as vital as science in the modern world.

Mathematics Humanities History Engineering

15. Science and society focuses on ____________.

Limitations of science Wonders of science Progress of science Drawbacks of science

"THE HOSTILE WITNESS"

Introduction

The Hostile Witness is a detective story by D.Y. Morgan. In this story he depicts the character of a person who was
not satisfied with the performance of the state Police, but he changed his views when witnesses the performance of the
police in arresting a dangerous murderer at large.
Summary

Norman Charlton is a robber and a murderer. He lives as a servant in White Hart Hotel. This hotel is in Kirby, a small
Yorkshire town about 32 kilometers south of Darlington. He robbed the weekly wages of two people at New Castle,
who were going to their factory carrying thousands of pounds. While committing the robbery, he faces protest from
the two persons. In reply he shoots them. One of them, named John Edward Robson, gets killed while the other
becomes seriously wounded. Charlton escapes in a stolen sports car from the place of robbery. After reaching a safe
place, he leaves the car and asks for a lift at about a hundred yards from that point. Fortunately, he gets a lift from Mr.
Earnest King who was on his way to White Hart Hotel. When they reach the hotel, Charlton transfers the stolen bag
from Mr. King’s car into the hotel and places it behind the reception desk. He also puts King’s luggage in a room and
gets dressed in his white jacket. He leaves the weapon of murder under the mattress. Mr. King sits in the lounge and
orders for cold drink. While enjoying cold drink, Mr. Abott and two other guests, Mr. Cartor and Johnson enter the
room. They exchange greetings and then Mr. King gets informed about the robbery and the murder. Mr. Cartor also

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 46
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

tells about the checking of his car by the police. While they were talking about the robbery, three persons, Detective-
Sergeant Manning and Police Constable Stevens and Edwards, enter the hotel. They told the people about the security
and said that their duty was to check all the hotels in the North of England. Detective-Sergeant Manning asks for the
keys of the rooms so that he could check the luggage of the guests. Everyone gives them the keys except Mr. King,
who thinks that this action was unrespectable. But after some discussion he also gives the keys. the detective then go
up to check the rooms. When they return, one of them holds a pistol in his hand, which had been fired recently. He
tells that this pistol was laid under the mattress in Mr. King’s room. He suspects Mr. King for the murder. Charlton
takes advantages of this situation and gives the description of the murderer – medium height and build, fresh
complexion, dark hair, moustache, horn-rimmed glasses, Grey suit and Grey hat. This description exactly suited the
dressing of Mr. King, which made him more mistrustful and every body stares at him. Charlton also gives the bag of
money having massive locks from behind the reception desk and says that this bag was carried by Mr. King.
Suddenly, Manning turns at Charlton and orders the constable to arrest him. He suspected him of the spirit gum and
fake moustaches that were left on his upper lip. The lift which he had taken from Mr. King made him more suspicious.
He also asks him of horn-rimmed glasses and receives the answer in positive. Manning then arrests him and tells the
people how Charlton had committed the crime. He hid the pistol under the mattress in Mr. King’s room while he as
keeping the luggage and threw away his fake moustache soon after killing the person. He had then taken lift from Mr.
King at a bus stop near Great North Road and gotten away safely from the police. This entire work carried out by the
police really impressed Mr. King and the killer was caught.

Q.NO. 1: What was in the case that Charlton put in the cupboard behind the reception desk?

Answer: The case that was put in the cupboard behind the reception desk by Charlton had millions of pounds.
It was the amount of wages of a factory, and robbed of two men in New Castle.

Q.NO. 2: What crime had been committed in new castle that after noon?

Answer: In an afternoon, two men were carrying weekly wages to a factory in a side street in New Castle.
Suddenly a man appeared in front of them and shot them both. One of them died on the spot while the
other was only wounded. The dacoit got clean away having robbed them.

Q.NO. 3: Why did the detective Sergeant Manning first speak rather coldly to the group of men in the hotel
lounge?

Answer: Sergeant Manning spoke coldly but unfriendly to the group in the hotel lounge because he heard the
unpleasant and disrespectful remarks of Mr. King when he had entered the lounge.

Q.NO. 4: Briefly explain why Johnson, carter and abbot were suspicious of king even before the revolver was
found in his room?

Answer: Mr. Johnson, Mr. Carter and Mr. Abbot all three were suspicious of Mr. King even before the
revolver was found, because Charlton had made them realize that all the description of the robber fit
to Mr. King. So he might be the wanted person.

Q.NO. 5: At what moment in the play does the audience realize that Charlton is lying in order to throw
suspicion on king?

Answer: After finding the revolver from King’s room Sergeant Manning, supposing him the wanted person,
asked Mr. King about the case which contained the stolen money. He showed his ignorance. Then
Charlton came forward to tell that Mr. King had handed him the case which he had put in a safe place.
That was the moment when audience realized that actual accused was Charlton, because the case
belonged to him when they first time appeared in the play. So he was accusing Mr. King to be the
owner of the case to make him suspicious.

Q.NO. 6: Why did Manning never believed that king was the murderer?

Answer: Sergeant Manning did never believe that Mr. King could be a murderer. Because if he was the robber
and he tried to get clean away after committing the crime he would never be able to reach there in the
hotel within such period as he did. Because he had a, five years old, green Morris Minor car. If he
took the Great North Road he might have been caught by the police. The only possible way of

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 47
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

escaping was that if he drove at a hundred miles/hr he could have succeeded by going from New
Castle to Darlington before the police started checking.

Q.NO. 7: Briefly explain what was in Manning’s mind when he said ‘Your story really interests me, Mr. King.’

Answer: when Manning said these words he had made his mind that Mr. King did not commit the crime and
Charlton might be the accused.

Q.NO. 8: Why was Manning certain of Charlton’s guilt after peering closely into his face?

Answer: When Manning had a close look at his face he easily found the traces of false hair on his upper lip, he
had got rid of after committing the crime, he was certain that Charlton was the real accused.

Q.NO. 9: Why was Manning interested in the make and age of King’s car?

Answer: Manning was interested in the make and age of King’s car because he had found that the killer had
escaped in a sports car after committing the crime.

Q.NO. 10: Why did Charlton give away the place where the case was deposited for which he had committed
murder?

Answer: Charlton gave away the place where the case was deposited because he had realized that Sergeant
Manning had found the gun and now he was going to find the case, so his only chance to save his
neck was to throw away suspicion on Mr. King.

MCQ’S
1. The “Hostile Witness” is written by ____________.
D.Y. Morgan Martin Johnson Florenz Ziegfeld Howard Thurston
2. The white Hart Hotel is in ____________.

Cairo Cape town Kirkby Chicago

3. ____________ was the hotel’s man of all work.

King Charlton Abbott Carter

4. King wanted to have a ____________ before diner.

Biscuit Apple Cold drink Banana

5. Carton put the case behind the ____________ desk.

Reception School Office Showroom

6. Charlton went out ____________ the armchair.

Along Of In On
7. King was glad to relax after several hours of ____________.

Writing Reading Riding Driving

8. Mr. Abbot employed Charlton for only a couple of ____________.

Days Weeks Months Years

9. King took the west road from Carter bar down to ____________.

Darlington Durbey New York Moscow

10. There was a robbery with ____________ at Newcastle.

Murmur Murder Donation Function

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 48
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

11. Carter and Johnson arrived at the hotel that evening from ____________.

Newcastle Oxford New York Tokyo

12. Ar. Abbott heard about the robbery and murder in the ____________ news.

Three O’ Clock Four O’ Clock Five O’ Clock Six o’ Clock

13. ____________ men were taking the weekly pay to a factory.

Two Three Four Five

14. The two men were robbed of the ____________ wages.

Quarterly Yearly Monthly Weekly

15. Thousands of ____________ were robbed by the robber.

Riyals Pounds Dollars Rupees

16. Charlton said that that sort of thing could happen in ____________.

Britain America Japan Russia

17. The murderer was medium height and ____________.

Build Building Weakness Blindness

18. The murderer wore horn rimmed glassed, grey suit and ____________.

A black hat A yellow cap A grey felt turban A grey felt hat
19. King asked if the murderer removes his ____________.

Moustache Car Chair Bottle

20. Mr. Manning showed Mr. Abbott his official ____________.

Visa Motorbike Card Cap

21. Charlton was very excited to see a real ____________.

Detective Manger Shopkeeper Capain

22. Mr. Manning was interested to check the ____________ of the guests.

Pockets Luggage Reports Statements

23. Johnson and Carter gave their ____________ to Mr. Manning immediately.

Papers Keys Mobile phones Radios

24. Babby means ____________.

Policeman Barber Singer Dancer

25. ____________ chambers of the magazine were empty.

Two Three Four Five

26. Charlton’s real name is ____________.

Martin Charlton Norman Charlton Howard Charlton Clyde Charlton

27. John Edward Robson was killed in ____________.

Chinatown Missouri Moorish Castles Newcastle

28. The robbery Witness is written to prove the following performance of the British police
____________.

Active Poor Praiseworthy Critical

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 49
 Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

TWO-ONE ACT PLAY

THE COUNT’S REVENGE
Q1. Define Melodrama?

Answer: Melodrama is a story or play in which very exciting and terrible things happens and the characters seem to be
realer than imaginary. It also contains the happy ending.

Q2. Who conducted the inquiry and why was Albert not present in the course of inquiry?

Answer: The president of the chamber of Deputies conducted the enquiry himself. Albert was not present in the course
of inquiry because the members of the public are not allowed.

Q3. What report was received by the Albert and how he behaved on that news?

Answer: In the year 1823, when count of Morecf was the captain of French Army he received the bribe form Turks
and our surrendered to Fortress of Yannina to them. Albert was very upset to hear the news and made up his mind that
he will no longer bear the name of Morecf, he will leave Paris and killed the man who became the cause of Morecf
disgrace.

Q4. Who came at the eleventh hour and what did she bring with her?

Answer: The strange lady came at the eleventh hour. Who had been at yannina when the fortress was given up? She
brought with her proofs signed, sealed and witnessed that Morecf betrayed his country by surrending the fortress of
Yannina.

Q5. Who inserted the Paragraph in the newspaper against Count of Morecf?

Answer: One of the closest friend of Albert named the count of Mantic Cristo inserted the paragraph into the
newspaper. Moreover, he sent a strange lady in the chamber of Deputies to convince them about the guilt of Albert
father.

Q6. Why did Albert give preference to Beauchamp on Montie Cristo?

Answer: Albert gives preference to Beauchamp on Montie cristo because it was the Beauchamp newspaper in which
the accusation first appeared. While Montie Cristo was out of Paris, he was in Normandy at the time of the incident.

Q7.Who is the author of “The Count’s Revenge”? What do you know about him and the play?

Answer: The play,” The Count’s Revenge” has been written by Mr. J. H. Wash. The play has been taken from his “Six
Plays from Literature”. It is an adaptation from a famous novel of 19th century “The Count of Monte Cristo” by
Alexander Dumas. It is a highly enjoyable short play. It is a piece of striking romance. The dialogue and actions are
energetic and straight-forward and the whole play is fast moving and exciting.

Q8. Who was Albert?

Answer: Albert is the son of Count and Countess of Morcerf. He is a young, emotional, enthusiastic, bold courageous
and energetic boy. He loves and cares his family name and honour. He also respects the truth anywhere and tries to
maintain it at any cost. He is simple and open-minded. In brief he is a boy of admirable and loveable nature.

Q9. Why was Albert so angry after returning from Normandy?

Answer: When Albert returned from Normandy he heard of the trial his father had to go through. His father was found
accused and faced the music. That would mean ruin for all his family honour. So he was very angry on hearing and
thinking about the trial and its after-effects.

Q10. What do you know about the Countess of Morcerf?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 50
 Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: She is the wife of Count of Morcerf. Her real name is Mercedes. She loved a young man Edmond, and
betrothed him. Count of Morcerf loved her too. He got married her by treachery. Now, after twenty years, she has a
son, the young man Albert. She loves and cares her son very much. She is a decent graceful and dignified lady. Briefly
her character represents the qualities of love, decency, motherhood and grace in the play.

Q11. What charges appeared against Morcerf? And what was the decision of the president?

Answer: The count of Morcerf faced the charges of bribery and betrayal to his country. Proofs were brought to the
court that he had taken bribe from Turks, and surrendered them the fortress of Yanina. When the court found him
guilty of the charges the president and the deputies condemned him as bribee, betrayer and traitor.

Q12. What was Albert planning after the trial and why?

Answer: Albert, being young, excited and enthusiastic boy, could not tolerate the decision of the trail against his
father. He thought it would mean the disgrace and ruin for his family honour. So he wanted to find out the man who
had done all that, and to punish him. In fact he wanted to put his sharp sword through the body of his hidden enemy.

Q13. Who was Count of Monte Cristo? What do you know about him?

Answer: Count of Monte Cristo was a noble, decent, friendly, courageous and valorous person. He was a good friend
of Albert. His real name was Edmond. He was a sailor in the past and loved Mercedes (Countess of Morcerf), who
was his betrothed. He was going to get married with her when the villian Count of Morcerf intervened and by
treachery and wickedness made Edmond behind the bars in a pseudo-crime, and married Mercedes. After fourteen
years in prison Edmond got released and struggled, and became a count.

Q14. What were the views of Monte Cristo about duels?

Answer: About duels Monte Cristo opins that the duels are not the only solution of your all quarrels or disputes.
Sometimes you do not fight one to one in the battlefield. You have plan very much and fight being unseen. In his
words, “If a man has insulted you, or struck a blow, then a duel may be a good way of dealing, but when a man has
done you a deadly wrong, has subjected you to slow, profound, eternal torture, then you must treat him as he treated
you.”

Q15. What was strange about the behaviour of Monte Cristo at Morcerf’s home?

Answer: The behaviour of Monte Cristo was very strange at Morcerf’s home that he was a good friend of Albert, and
often visited his home, but he had never once broken bread. Even after great request he never accepted refreshment of
any kind whatsoever.

Q16. Who was the man behind the disgrace of Albert’s family? And how was he discovered?

Answer: The man who was responsible for bringing disgrace on Albert’s family was The Count of Monte Cristo. He
was the man who published accusations in newspapers and sent evidences to the court. He was found by the friend of
Albert Beauchamp, a newspaper editor, in whose paper accusations first appeared.

Q17. Who was Count of Morcerf?

Answer: The Count of Morcerf was originally a fisherman in the past. He was a person of malevolent and villainous
nature. He loved a Catalan girl, Mercedes who was already betrothed. He succeeded to get married with her. He
became a count by unfair means and malfeasances. He took money from Turks and surrendered the fortress of Yanina
to the enemies for which he had been trialed and punished. He was a man of cruel, covetous, unpatriotic, selfish and
self-centered personality.

Q18. What type of character did Beauchamp have in this play?

Answer: Beauchamp was a good and sincere friend of Albert. He was an editor of the newspaper in which the
accusations against the count of Morcerf first appeared. He was always ready to help Albert on all occasions, even in
the duel.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 51
 Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q19. What is a “duel”? How do you define a “second”?

Answer: The duel was a kind of one to one combat among the gentlemen in the upper rank of society. A duel is
normally originated in an insult, injury or fancied to a gentleman’s honour or reputation. The aggrieved person would
then issue a challenge to the gentleman he accused of wronging him. The person challenged might apologise and the
apology, if accepted, would end the matter. Each party would appoint a second to agree upon the conditions of duel,
and to see that there was fair play.

Q20. What was the reaction of Albert after hearing the name of his hidden enemy?

Answer: When Albert heard the name of his hidden enemy, the Count of Monte Cristo, he shocked but still he was
willing to take revenge of disgrace and ruin, brought to his family. He suddenly decided to challenge the count a duel
to take his revenge.

Q21. Why did Countess of Morcerf go to Count of Monte Cristo?

Answer: The countess of Morcerf was a loving and caring mother. She adored her son, Albert, very much. When she
heard that Albert challenged the Count of Monte Cristo of a duel she hurriedly went to the count, because she knew
that the count was a very good at sword-man-ship and gunfight, and in the duel he might kill Albert. So he went to
him to beg the life of her son.

Q22. What was the relation between Countess of Morcerf and Count of Monte Cristo in the past?

Answer: The Countess of Morcerf whose real name was Mercedes and the Count of Monte Cristo whose real name
was Edmond Dantes loved each other and wanted to marry each other. They were betrothed for the same.

Q23. Who was Morrel?

Answer: Morrel was the friend of the count of Monte Cristo. He was very faithful to him. He was a kind-hearted and
merciful person.

Q24. Why Count of Monte Cristo dropped the idea of killing Albert?

Answer: The Count of Monte Cristo dropped the idea of killing Albert and prepared a will because when the countess
came to him and requested not to kill her only son in the duel, so he had decided to be killed in lieu of Albert. Because
in a duel one had to die as to resolve the dispute, if none of the parties begged pardon.

Q25. What happened at Bois de Vincennes?

Answer: At Bois de Vincennes, where the duel was arranged, Albert readily begged pardon from the Count of Monte
Cristo because he had come to know all the story of the past about the love of her mother and the Count of Monte
Cristo and the treachery and wickedness of his father the Count of Morcerf.

Q26. What happened to Count of Morcerf in the end?

Answer: Learning that the Count of Monte Cristo was his old enemy The Count Morcerf took out his revolver and
tried to shoot him. Albert and the Countess of Morcerf intervened. There was an explosion. The Count of Morcerf
accidentally fired himself and fell dead on the ground.

Q27. Why did Count of Montie Cristo not kill Albert?

Answer: Count of Montie Cristo has made up his mind to kill Albert. At the eleventh hour, countess of Morcef visited
the house and begged him to spare the life of her mere son, that’s why he promised her to do so. He further told that he
would die in his place at Bios-de-Vinceness.

Q28. Why did countess of Morcef certain the Albert would walk victorious to the battle field?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 52
 Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: Countess of Morcef was satisfied by the words of Montie Cristo that your son will remain alive because I will
fire in the air and it will be my blood which will strain the ground tomorrow.

Q29. Why did Albert not fight to Montie Cristo?

Answer: Albert did not fight to Montie cristo because his mother told him. What had been passed between them
(Morcef & Montie). By that time he understood the situation and found his father more guilty to accused Montie
wrongly.

Q30. Who was Beauchamp and what role did he play in the course of play?

Answer: Beauchamp was one of the closest friends of Albert. He was the editor of the Paris newspaper. He is one who
informed. Albert about the disgrace of his father. Furthermore, he is the same person who discovered the name of
Albert father persecutor. He also employed as a Albert second in the duel.

Q31. How did the Counters receive him (Morcef) on his first visit?

Answer: The countess of Morcef always regarded Montie Cristo as a well wisher and the helper. She received Montie
Cristo very warmly and said he was ever welcomed in her poor house because he showed many kindness to her and
on her family.

Q32. What was the past story between counters of Morcef and Count of Montie Cristo?

Answer: The countess of Morcef and count of Montie Cristo were in the love Later on, they got betrothed. They did
not able to get in the matrimonial bound because a man in the wolf clothing cropped in between them and won the had
of Mercedes by proving her fiancées an agent of exile Bonaparte.

Q33. Why could the young sailor not able to get marry to Mercedes?

Answer: The young sailor could not able to get marry to Mercedes because a Villain named Fernard Mondege brought
about ruin. He made Montie involve in the false spying case and he was tried in the court of law and was convicted.
Fernand and his men then realized Mercedes that he (Montie) had died and got marry to her.

Q34. Why did count of Montie Cristo never accept any kind of refreshment in the house of Morcef?

Answer: The count of Mortie Cristo did not accept any kind of refreshment in the house of Morcef because he knows
that he was the same who accused him wrongly. He considered him as enemy and according to the Arab custom they
never eat anything in the house of his deadly enemy.

Q35. What is duel?

Answer: Duel is the fight which is fought between two parties in the traditional way with swords and pistols.
OR
Duel is a fight with weapons between two people, used in the part to settle a quarrel.

Q36. What was the reaction of Albert when he heard the name of his father persecutor?

Answer: Albert was astonished to hear the name of Montie Cristo as an enemy. He fired up and forget that he was the
same person who showed many kindness and once upon a time saved his life. In the last, he decided to challenge the
count of Montie Cristo to fight a duel.

Q37. What was discovered by Beauchamp?

Answer: The name of person who inserted the paragraph onto the newspaper which showed that Morcef received the
bribe from the Turks and surrendered the fortress of Yannina to them when he was the captain of the French army, he
was the same person who sent the strange witness in the chamber of Deputies to convince the deputies about the guilt
of Morcef.

Q38. What happened at Bois-de-Vincennes?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 53
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: It was decided between Albert of count of Montie Cristo that they were meet at the Bois-de-Vincennes at 8`
O clock in the morning. In the meantime Albert mother told him the reason of family to him. He thought over the
Mother and found him guiltier. He appeared humbly at bois-de-Vincennes and apologized to the count of Montie
Cristo.

Q39. What document was made by Morcef after he promised the countess of Morcef?

Answer: First of all, he promised the countess that he fire in the air and it will be his blood which will strain the
ground tomorrow. After that he went to the writing desk and prepared his will and requested Bertuccio and Bertuccio
to Morrel to sign it as witness.

Q40. Why was Morcef happy to find Albert safe and sound?

Answer: Morcef was happy to find Albert safe and sound because he thought the indication of his safe return proves
that he had avenged his family honour by killing count of Montie Cristo.

Q41. What did Morcef call his son coward?

Answer Morcef called his son coward because he bent his knees before his father’s enemy and a apologized him. He
did not fight a duel to him though.

Q42. What secrets did the count of Montie Cristo ferret out?

Answer: In the year 1823, when he (Morcef) was the captain in the French army, he received the bribe from Turks
and surrendered the Fortress of Yanina to him. This secret was ferreted out by Montie Cristo.

Q43. What devilish plot was hatched by Morcef against Montie Cristo?

Answer: Morcef became rived in love with the sailor, Edmond Dantes in the early life. He hatched a plot against
Edmond Dantes and got him involved in the spying case. He managed to produce false evidences against Edmond that
he was spy and an agent of Napoleon Bonaparte. That’s he served the fourteen year of his life in an underground
dungeon.

Q44. Why did Montie Cristo visit the house of Morcef along with Albert?

Answer: He visited the house of count of Morcef along with Albert to fight Morcef. He mentioned that we know the
matter of the quarrel and we fought until and unless one of us will die. Fortunately, he victimized of his own.

Q45. Why did Albert go back / stop his father being embraced?

Answer: Albert stopped his father because he wanted to tell the story of the last night and the incident which occurred
in the morning at Bois-de-Vincennes.

Q46. Does this play fulfill the requirement of melodrama?

Answer: Yes. This play fulfills the requirement of melodrama because it is the story which is full of sensational scene
which has occurred firstly between countess and Montie Cristo. Secondly, the most heart beating incident between
countess and Montie Cristo When she visits his house. Fourthly, when the emotional boy (Albert) bents his knees
before Montie. Last but not the least, the incident when Morcef victimized himself. That is also considered to be the
happiest ending.

MCQ’s
1. The Count’s Revenge is a ______________.

Lyrical Ballad Tragedy Melodrama None of than

2. The story of count’s Revenge is based on ______________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 54
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Montie Cristo Morcef Beauchamp Albert

3. The count’s Revenge is written by ______________.

St.J. Ervine J.H Walsh Hope D.Y Morgan

4. Scene I of the play “The Count’s Revenge” is picturized in the house of ______________.

Count of Morcef Count of Montie Cristo Beauchamp Morret

5. The house of count of Morcef is situated in ______________.

Rue du Helder Tokyo Champs Elysces Columbia

6. The real name of Count of Morcef is ______________.

Edmond Dantes Fernaned Mondego Mercedes

7. The real name of Count of Montie Cristo is ______________.

Edmond Dantes Fernaned Mondego Mercedes

8. The real name of countess of Morcef is ______________.

Edmond Dantes Fernand Mondego Mercedes

9. ______________ is publicly disgraced in the play.

Montie Cristo Morcef Albert Counters

10. ______________ conducted the enquiry of Albert’s father.

President Judge Montie Cristo Editor

11. ______________ give the report of Morecf’s disgrace Albert.

Montie Cristo Beauchamp Morrel Bertuccio

12. Count of Morcef received the bribe in ______________ year.

1823 1923 1832 1888

13. Albert’s father arrived punctually in the chamber of deputies at ______________ O’clock.

8 7 9 10
14. In 1823, Morcef was the ______________ of French Army.

Captain Soldier Lieutenant Leader

15. In 1823, he (Morcef) received the bribe from ______________.

Germany Dutch Turks Red Indians

16. Fortress of ______________ was given up in the play.

Yanina Cernogratz Zenda Strelsa

17. ______________ is the heroin of the play.”The count’s Revenge”.

Mercedes Princess Flavia Helga Mrs Meldon

18. ______________ is the hero of the play “.The count’s Revenge”.

Albert Montie Cristo Morce Morrel

19. ______________ is the villain of the play “The count’s Revenge”.

Albert Beauchamp Morcef Montie

20. Beauchamp was the editor of ______________ newspaper.

Paris London Dawn NEWS

21. ______________ came at the eleventh hour of the enquiry.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 55
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Mercedes Strange Lady Albert

22. Albert’s father is condemned as a ______________.

Traitor Patriot Loyal Modest

23. Albert’s made a plan to leave ______________.

Paris London Scot land England

24. ______________ inserted the paragraph in the newspaper against Morcef.

Montie Albert Beauchamp Morel

25. Albert accompanied with Montie Cristo was in ______________ on holidays.

Switzerland Paris Normandy Murcc

26. The charges against Morcef were appeared in ______________ newspapers.

1 2 4 3
27. My father disgrace is mine said______________.

Albert Beauchamp Morel

28. That is indeed singular and that you have mentioned it said ______________.

Countess Morcef Albert None of them

29. ______________ did not accept refreshment of any kind what so ever.

Morcef Albert Montie Cristo Morel

30. An eye for an eye, a tooth for tooth is a rule followed by______________.

Morcef Albert Montie Cristo None of them

31. ______________ entered in the house after the departure of Montie Cristo in scene I.

Morcef Beauchamp Morel

32. ______________ discovered the name of Morcef’s persecutor.

Montie Cristo Morcef Beauchamp

33. Albert’s chose ______________ to be his second.

Beauchamp Montie Morel None of them

34. In ______________ custom. They never back the bread id the house of their deadly enemy.

Arab Hindus Christian Jervs

35. The house of count of Montie Cristo is in ______________.

North of England The champs Elyses Rue-du-Helder Scotland

36. In scene II, the centre of ______________was occupied by Montie.

House Room Courtyard

37. Montie Cristo called Morrel to be his ______________.

Helper Second Partner

38. ______________ came to the house of Montie Cristo to issue the challenge.

Albert Beauchamp Albert and Beauchamp

39. It is settled that both the parties will use ______________ in the duel.

Swords Pistol Bombs

40. Duel will be fought at ______________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 56
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Rue-du-Helder Champs Elyses Bois-de-Yinceness

41. Montie Cristo made it clear before Morrel that I would kill Albert before ______________O’ Clock.

9 10 8 7
42. ______________ sent strange lady to the witness box and inserted the paragraphs too.

Montie Cristo Morel Beauchamp Countess

43. The name of the veiling lady who entered in the house is ______________.

Helga Mauban Countess of Morcef

44. Morel went to the house of ______________ after the departure by the house of Montie.

Beauchamp Albert His own house

45. Countess visited the house of Montie Cristo to beg the life of ______________.

Son Daughter Husband

46. Countess and Montie Cristo were formerly ______________.

Friends Couple Betrothed

47. I have sought no quarrel with you son said ______________.

Morcef Beauchamp Montie Cristo

48. In the past, Morcef was a ______________.

Fisherman Business man Sailor

49. In the past, Montie was a ______________.

Fisherman Business man Sailor

50. In the past, Montie lived in ______________.

Marseilles Paris Champs Elysees

51. The name of the Catalan girl was ______________.

Counters of Morcef Mercedes Helga Flavia

52. ______________ hatched the devilish plot against Montie Cristo.

Morcef Albert Beauchamp

53. Montie Cristo spent ______________ years of his life in an underground dungeon.

14 7 20
54. “Fourteen years is a large slice from man’s life” said______________.

Morcef Montie Counters

55. Edmond Dantes escaped from ______________ after fourteen years.

Dungeon Prison Jail

56. Edmond Dantes promised Mrs. Meldon to spare the life of ______________.

Morcef Bertuccio Albert

57. Albert and Montie had to meet at bois-de-Vincennes at ______________ O’ clock.

8 9 10
58. Montie Cristo was a good ______________.

Marksman Business Husband

59. After the departure of a countess, Montie Cristo prepared his ______________.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 57
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Will Paper Garments Consent

60. ______________ were the witness of Morcef’s will .

Morel and Albert Morel and Bertuccio Albert and Bertuccio

61. Scene II of the play “The count’s Revenge” is occurred in ______________.

Morcef Counters Montie Cristo

62. “Because his safety will be purchased by the death of an honorable man” said ______________.

Morcef Beauchamp Countess

63. ______________ entered in the house first in scene III.

Beauchamp Montie Albert

64. ______________ is a poor man. According to countess.

Morcef Morel Montie Cristo

65. ______________ came to the house of Montie Cristo last night.

Morcef Albert Morel Countess

66. ______________came first in the bois-de-Vincennes.

Albert Beauchamp Montie Cristo

67. ______________ humbly begged pardon to Montie.

Morcef Countess Albert

68. Count of Montie Cristo and Albert ______________ together.

Break fasted Dinned Lunched

69. All revoir mean ______________.

Good Morning Good Dusk Good Noon Good Bye

70. According to Morcef his son is ______________

Timid Coward Brave Nobel

71. Morcef carried ______________ to kill Montie Cristo.

Pistol Knife Dagger

72. In the last, countess fainted and she was caught by ______________.

Albert Beauchamp Montie

PROGRESS

Q1. What is the progress?

Answer: The progress is the name of one of the play, which is included in the book, two one act play. Progress means
advancement and the development toward the scientific equipment and the better state.

Q2. Who was Hannah and why did he come into the room of Prof Henry Corrie?

Answer: Hannah was an elderly maid servant in the house of Prof Henry Corrie. She was obedient, faithful and did not
bother Prof Henry Corrie during his work. She came in the room of Prof Henry Corrie to inform him that Mrs. Meldon
had come and she wanted to know either you had tea downstairs or had it up here.

Q3. Why Prof Henry Corrie did not go to receive his sister Mrs. Meldon at the station?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie did not go to receive his sister, Mrs. Meldon at the station because he was busy in his
work. Then he forgot. He thought, Mrs. Meldon would not think that I came when everything was going in the right
way. Secondly, she was quite capable of coming home by herself.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 58
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Q4. Why did Prof Henry Corrie refuse to have tea downstairs?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie refused to have tea downstairs or in the drawing room because it was so cold. He further
said to Hannah to tell Mrs. Meldon that he would have tea up here.

Q5. Was Prof Henry Corrie a patriotic man?

Answer: No, Prof Henry Corrie was not the patriotic man. He was greedy person and money is like a God for him. He
said about his invention.
“I shall offer it first to the British Govt. if the British Govt. (they) won’t pay my prize, I will offer it to
somebody else”.

Q6. What opinion Prof Henry Corrie holds about women?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie holds a very negative opinion about women. He does not treat him like human. Once, he
said.
“Oh, how woman do fuss. Your sex is most extraordinary. Charlotte. Always willing to break off things for other
things. No application. No concentration. No capacity to complete impersonal devotion. That’s why no woman has
ever been great artist or scientist because they will not forsake everything and follow well whatever it is they ought to
be following.

Q7. Who wrote the play “Progress”? What do you know about the author and the play?

Answer: The play,” Progress” has been written by St. John G. Ervine. He was an eminently successful man of the
theatre. He was distinguished as a playwright, a dramatic critic and a theatrical manager after the 1st World War.

Q8. Write a few lines about the character of Professor Henry Corrie.

Answer: Professor Henry Corrie is the only live male character of the play. He is, aged between fifty and sixty, a self-
willed and self centered person. Apparently he is one of some small fry but actually he is a profoundly devoted and
loftily revolutionary scientist. He is realistic and pragmatic in his approach. Prof. Corrie is desirous for fame and
immortality. He is wicked and covetous who has a plutolatry nature. He is unkind and heartless as he has no respect
for human being. He also has unpatriotic, in-humanist and anti-feminist ideas in his mind.

Q9. What do you know about Mrs. Meldon?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon is the most prominent female character of the play. She is the sister of Professor Henry Corrie
(only male character of the play). She is, aged about forty three, a widow and a very bereaved mother because her son
was killed in the First World War. So she hates wars very badly. But still she is not a vexed or fretful woman, though
purely dwelling on her past memories. Briefly she is a very sensitive, caring, peace-loving, humanitarian, dignified
and graceful sort of character portrayed by the author.

Q10. Why was Mrs. Meldon not happy?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon was not happy because it was the third death anniversary of her darling, beloved, dearest only
son Eddie who was killed in a war when he was only nineteen.

Q11. Why did Corrie not reach the station to take his sister?

Answer: Professor Henry Corrie could not reach the station to take / receive his sister because he was very busy in his
experiment. Although he promised her but in the absorption of his work he forgot and could not keep his promise.

Q12. Why was Prof. Corrie excited?

Answer: He was very much excited at the moment when his sister came to see him, because he succeeded in the
experiment he had been working on, for a long time. Now he got the required results. That’s why he was very happy.

Q13. Why did Prof. Corrie keep his invention in secret?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 59
 Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: He did so because he believed in keeping secrets to himself. His principle was to tell no one anything until
you are obliged to.

Q14. What opinion did the professor have about women?

Answer: Professor Corrie has a very negative, disrespectful, disgracing and contemptible opinion towards women. To
him they have no application, no concentration and no ability for impersonal devotion. That’s why no women have
ever been a great scientist or artist.

Q15. What was the opinion of Mrs. Meldon about war?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon considered war a very contemptible, cruel and ruthless act, deadly blow to humanity, and a
deliberate infanticide. Exactly in her words it is “an organized butchery of boys”. That’s why she condemned war and
all weapons of war.

Q16. Who was Tom? And how he died?

Answer: Tom was the husband of Charlotte (Mrs. Meldon), and the father of Eddie. He loved his family greatly
especially to his only child Eddie. That’s why when Eddie was killed in the First World War he could not tolerate the
grief and died of broken heart.

Q17. How was Corrie going to revolutionize the war?

Answer: Corrie wanted to revolutionize the war by making it fast, speedy and expeditious. To him the wars of the past
that had lasted for long periods (sometimes, even, for years) were utterly absurd. They should not have lasted for more
than a month.

Q18. How can the war be made more expeditious?

Answer: In Corrie’s opinion war can be made more speedy and expeditious by inventing more horrible, destructive
and devastating weapons than they now are. To him the purpose of war is killing so if we invent deadlier weapons of
wars we will be able to kill the most people in the least time. In this way the duration of future-wars will automatically
be restricted.

Q19. Who was Eddie? And what happened to him?

Answer: Eddie was the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Meldon. He was just nineteen and had not been very long at Oxford
when the war broke out. He was enlisted and immediately sent to the war. During the war once he chanced to come
back to home and spent some days with his parents. But again very soon he was a lines-man. There he had been sitting
with his men for eight days, in a little shallow trench, waiting for the commands then suddenly a shell came right into
the middle of the group and destroyed them of all. Eddie in-mixed with his men mutilated and was never buried
anywhere.

Q20. What did she discover on the death anniversary of her son, Eddie?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon met a young man in the town who had been in the same battalion as Eddie. He told her that
Eddie was mutilated and destroyed by a shell very badly, and he was not buried any where, because there was nothing
to bury.

Q21. What had been told, before, to her about the death of Eddie by the C.O of the battalion?

Answer: The C.O. of the battalion, on the death of Eddie, wrote Mrs. Meldon that Eddie was killed by a piece of shell,
and he was buried behind the line somewhere in a soldier’s grave by the soldiers with all militaristic protocol.

Q22. How did the Japanese declare war on the Russians?

Answer: The Japanese declared the war on the Russians by blowing their ships in to pieces.

Q23. What is Corrie’s invention? How it works?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 60
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: Professor Henry Corrie has invented a very destructive and devastating huge bomb. It is basically a
combination of gases and explosives. The bomb is to be dropped by an airship or an aero plane. When this bomb falls
it will devastate a wide area where it falls. At the same time it will release a powerful, colourless and odourless,
spreading gas. The gas will poison every person who inhales it and will make their bodies rot. Only a single bomb of
this sort will suffice to wipe out the population of a whole city as big as Manchester.

Q24. Why is there no difference between a civilian and a soldier now-a-days?

Answer: There is no logical difference between a civillian and a soldier now-a-days. Because the weapons, a soldier
uses in the battles, are actually made by the civillians. It means the civillians do not fight on the front but they
participate equally in the wars with soldiers.

Q25. Why was Mrs. Meldon not happy on the invention of her brother?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon felt no pleasure by hearing the news of inventing a bomb by his brother, because she hated wars
from the depth of her heart. To her that invention would prove to destroy the humanity. That’s why she condemned
her brother on that invention and requested him to destroy his evil invention.

Q26. What is “royalty”?

Answer: Royalty is a payment made in proportion to the quantity or number of items, used or sold (usually employed
with reference to payments made to authors or to land-owners from whose property minerals are extracted).

Q27. What did he want to get against his invention?

Answer: He wanted to be rich and famous by his invention. For the same purpose he, after a long meditation and
discussion, decided to ask a couple of hundred thousand pounds and a title, from the government.

Q28.What is Corrie’s opinion about the war and success in it?

Answer: Henry Corrie does not believe that the war will ever end, because we all human beings are pugnacious by
nature. To him the purpose of war is killing and the side which kills the most people in the least time is going to win
the wars of the future.

Q29. Why was he not ready to destroy his invention?

Answer: He was ready to destroy his invention, because he thought that he had performed a highly patriotic act by
inventing his bomb. It was the service of humanity as well. He also believed that his sister Mrs. Meldon would admire
him too if she was not distress by the death of her son. To him to destroy his invention was an act of cranks and
religious maniacs. That’s why he denied doing so.

Q30. What did Mrs. Meldon do, at first, to destroy Corrie’s evil invention?

Answer: To destroy the foul invention of Henry Corrie she went to the table where all the apparatus were set, and
hurled the table. The retort fell down the table and smashed.

Q31. How and why did she kill her brother in the end?

Answer: When Mrs. Meldon saw that her brother was not ready to destroy his evil invention she requested him again
and again but he did not stir. Finally, in the end, desperately he drove a knife into his back. He swayed a moment and
then clutching in the air pitched forward on to his face, and died.

Q32. Why was Prof Henry Corrie not a god substitute for a son (Eddie)?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie was not a good substitute of her son because he (Prof) did not have sufficient value to her
sister and always engaged in his scientific inventions. He (Prof) was a greedy person who wanted to destroy the
humanity while Eddie was a patriotic person who sacrificed his life for the sake of his country.

Q33. What had been discovered by Mrs. Meldon on the death anniversary of Eddie?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 61
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: Mrs. Meldon met a young man who was in the same battalion as Eddie, and he told her about Eddie’s death.
He told that Eddie was not buried because a shell fell in the trench where Eddie and his men was waited. It fell and
after that there was nothing to bury.

Q34. What did commanding officer of the battalion write to Mrs. Meldon?

Answer: The commanding officer of the battalion wrote to her that Eddie had been killed by a piece of enemy shell
and that he had been buried in the lines somewhere.

Q35. How much time did Eddie and his men spend in the trench?

Answer: Eddie and his men had been waiting in a little shallow trench for eight days and night then a shell came right
into the middle of the group of them and utterly destroyed them five of them were left nothing.

Q36. Why did Mrs. Meldon want to die?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon wanted to die because her life was completely destroyed with the death of her son and husband,
her son died in the war, to which he knew very little, while her husband took the son’s death quite serious and died
with the broken heart. Her brother was a famous scientist and always remains busy in his work. In the other words,
relations did not have value before him. That’s why she did not want to remain alive in this materialistic world.

Q37. Who was Tom Meldon and how did he die?

Answer: Tom Meldon was a loving husband and a good father, who loved his family a lot when he heard the news of
his son’s death, who was killed in the First World War. He took the death serious and died with the broken heart.

Q38. Why was Mrs. Meldon against /hostile the was?

Answer: The war hit Mrs. Meldon very badly. Her son was victimized while her husband took it very severe and died.
She wanted to prevail peace in the world. That’s why she insisted against and again to his brother to destroy his
invention. She says that war is the “organized butchery of boys”.

Q39. What means by “War ought to be revolutionized”?

Answer: “War to be revolutionized” means that the duration of the war should be lessened. According to him the first
world War. Lasted for a ridiculous period. Five year or nearly five years. Which is worthless? We ought to make it
expeditious. By this way we will reach on the consequence in the shorter version of time.

Q40. What was the discovery of Prof Henry Corrie?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie was the bachelor at the age of sixty. He was a great scientist and invented a horrible bomb
after a long research. This bomb had the capacity to destroy the whole city like Manchester in the wink of an eye.
When those bombs fells, it released a powerful spreading gas, without colour or smell, which will spread a wide area
and poison everyone who inhale it. People did not know that they were inhaling until they found their bodies nothing

Q41. What opinion does Prof Henry Corrie posses about the trick of war?

Answer: His opinion the purpose of the war is killing and destruction and the side who killed most of the people in
short time will win the war of the facture. He thought his nation got to get his bomb dropped on the enemy before they
get theirs dropped on Corrie’s nation.

Q42. Why did Prof Corrie stop Mrs. Meldon to stop thinking about Eddie?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie stopped Mrs. Meldon again to stop thinking because he (Prof) thought by doing that you
are destroying yourself. He used to say that it is not right for the living to think about the death people.

Q43. Why Prof kept on saying to Mrs. Meldon to enjoy and take a broad view of life?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 62
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie kept on saying Mrs. Meldon to enjoy and take the broad view of life due to two reasons.
First, he opined that by thinking a lot of about deads a person destroy himself. Secondly he invented a horrible bomb
and he wanted everybody to enjoy and appreciated him due to his discovery.

Q44. What were the reactions of Mrs. Meldon and Tom Meldon when Eddie was ill?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon and Tom Meldon were very upset and became the victim of mental distortion. When Eddie was
ill they thought that he would die. Tom, who never could express aptly, went about as if he were stunned. While Mrs.
Meldon used to pay for him so that her whole mind was a prayer.

Q45. What happened when Eddie came on his first leave?

Answer: When Eddie came home on his first leave, he was not her little son anymore but he was a strangely grown
men, young to took at, but full of extra ordinary knowledge. I felt shy with him because he had seen much and knew
so much. I felt prouder on him than even before, because he was a man and I could depend upon him.

Q46. What happened to Eddie at France?

Answer: He was in the lines; he waited in France for eight days and night along with his companion in the shallow
trench. A bomb fell in the middle of the group and destroyed them.

Q47. What plan did Mrs. Meldon make for Eddie?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon loves her son a lot. She made plans for him that he was to be great and like people and the
people did like him. The boys of his age had great respect for him.

Q48. What do you know about Mills bomb?

Answer: Mill was a scientist. His bombs were used in the war. According to Prof Henry Corrie his bombs were small
and used in thousands but Corrie’s bomb would be big and a single bomb would wipe out the population of a city like
Manchester.

Q49. Why does Mrs. Meldon suggest the price of the bomb so low?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon suggests the price about 30 Pence because the Jesus Christ was sold among the False Jews on
this rate. That 3o pence has the symbolic importance insignificance.

Q50. What would happen according to Prof if he destroyed his invention?

Answer: According to Prof the average people would think that Henry was a fool who destroyed his invention while
the most sensible people would think that he had gone off his head. A few cranks and religious maniacs might praise
him.

Q51. What is the attitude of Prof Henry Corrie towards humanity?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie was the stone hearted character of the play. He invented a horrible bomb to destroy the
humanity. He suggested that the purpose of war was killing even though a person would be killed by bomb or bayonet.
He says “A human being is of less consequence than the success of a minor experiment.

Q52. What would happen if he (Prof) made this discovery in 1914?

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie was a person who over rated himself in the field of scientist. According to him if he made
this discovery in 1914. The war would have been over before the end of that year, (1919) and there probably would
not be any German left now. They would be an extinct race.

Q53. How can you say that Prof Henry Corrie is a proud man?

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 63
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Answer: Prof Henry Corrie is proud man. The play is full of his proud statement once he said to Hannah. “You had
better not tell her. I will do that myself. You’re sure to make a miss of it”. He once said to Mrs. Meldon that no one
will discover so powerful a weapon as this.

Q54. Why does Prof call his invention the most humanitarian invention?

Answer: Prof calls his invention the most humanitarian invention because he believes that wars will ever end because
we are altogether too pugnacious. I am going to make war expeditious that no nation will engage in one unless
absolutely driven to it.

Q55. How can you say that Mrs. Meldon great lover of humanity?

Answer: There is no doubt that Mrs. Meldon a great lover of humanity. He again and again requested his brother to
destroy he killed him only to save the humanity by the horror of war.

Q56. How can say that Mrs. Meldon a great mother?

Answer: There is no doubt that Mrs. Meldon a great mother. She loved her son a lot. When Corrie told that there must
be a consolation that Eddie did his duty to his country and accounted so many Germans. She replies that I cannot get
any pleasure out of it because many German mothers (Women) is suffering just as I am suffering

Q57. What planned did Mrs. Meldon make together with the grieved mothers?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon along with the grieved mothers made the plans to fight against the people like you because
someone like me creates a beautiful thing like my son and you will you cleverness can only destroy it.

Q58. How did Mrs. Meldon kill her brother?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon killed his brother with a knife. She requested again and again to destroy it but he refused to do
so into his back when he was collecting the retorts.

Q59. What parts of the bomb was in the secret?

Answer: Prof Corrie told Mrs. Meldon about his invention but he kept the component part and the functionality of the
bomb in secret. He told Mrs. Meldon that I would keep it and secret until I got the binding offer to the government.

Q60. Was Mrs. Meldon justified in killing her brother? Support you answer?

Answer: Mrs. Meldon was justified in killing her brother because he was a self centered, greedy and unpatriotic
person. He invented a bomb to destroy the humanity. First Mrs. Meldon requested him to destroy his invention but he
ignores her. At last, she drove the knife into his back unconsciously and murdered him to save the humanity by the
terror of war.
MCQ’s
1. The play “Progress” is written by ____________.

J.H Walsh St .J. Ervine D.Y. Morgan Shakespeare

2. The play “Progress” is picturized in the study room of ____________.

Prof Henry Corrie Mrs. Meldon Morcef Amalie

3. Prof Henry Corrie was a ____________.

Scientist Lawyer Clergyman Teacher

4. Prof Henry Corrie lives in the remote village of ____________.

England America Japan Germany

5. The scene is in a ------- day in the year 1919.

Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 64
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

6. Prof Henry Corrie was aged about____________.

50-60 55-60 60-65 40-50

7. Mrs. Meldon was the ____________ of Prof Henry Corrie.

Sister Wife Cousin Maid

8. Hannah was the ____________ of Prof Henry Corrie.

Sister Wife Cousin Maid

9. Prof had cold humorless eyes and thick____________.

Moustaches Hair Neck Beard

10. Human being had no value before____________.

Professor Hannah Mrs. Meldon Tom

11. Professor did not go to receive Mrs. Meldon at ____________.

Sister Bus stop Hospital Airport

12. The drawing room was so ____________.

Chill Hot Cold None of them

13. Mrs. Meldon came back to the house along with ____________.

Professor Marshall Tom Meldon Hannah

14. The real name of Mrs. Meldon is ____________.

Sardolla Flavia Mercedes Charlotte

15. The name of Mrs. Meldon’s husband was ____________.

Tom Meldon John Meldon’s Kims Meldon John

16. Eddie was the son of ____________.

Tom Meldon Mrs. Meldon Professor Tom and Mrs. Meldon

17. Eddie was victimized in ____________.

First world war Second world war Ceriman war None of them
18. Professor was _________at the age of 60.

Married Widower Bachelor None of them

19. Professor did not go to receive Mrs. Meldon in order to attend ____________.

Assembly Wedding Experiment Funeral

20. Eddie was the ____________ of Prof Henry Corrie.

Cousin Nephew Brother Son

21. It is the ____________ anniversary of Eddie.

First Second Third Forth

22. Mrs. Meldon was in ____________ clothes.

White Pink Brown Black

23. Mrs. Meldon always talks about her____________.

Gain Lost Money Power

24. Prof always talks about his ____________.

Bomb Money Fame Power

25. Mrs. Meldon is ____________ year old.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 65
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

40 50 35 36
26. Mrs. Meldon orders ____________ to bring the wreath.

Gage Hannah Henry Corrie None of them

27. Prof Henry Corrie believed in keeping ____________ to himself.

Plans Ideas Principles Secrets

28. Prof Corrie will first offer his invention to ____________ Government.

British German France American

29. Prof was a ____________ person.

Religious Greedy Fanatic Gunning

30. ____________invented the bomb in 1st world war.

Mill Corrie Dalton Faraday

31. Eddie was the student of ____________.

Cambridge Oxford Harvard Eton

32. Mrs. Meldon met ____________ in the city.

Young man Old man C.O George

33. Hannah took Eddie wreath in the ____________.

Kitchen Drawing room Park Garden

34. According to Prof his invention is ____________.

Humanitarian Spiral Cultural Expensive

35. ____________was not the good substitute of Eddie.

Tom Meldon
Prof Corrie
36. Eddie was killed at the age of ____________.

20 17 19 21
37. ____________ wrote a letter about the death of Eddie.

C.O Young man Leader General

38. He wrote Eddie was ____________ in the war.

Mutilated Destroyed Buried Saved

39. According to Prof, we human being are too ____________about war.

Fond Pugnacious Afraid of Conscious

40. The name of the gardener is ____________.

Gage George Eddie Tom

41. ____________arranges the tea table before Mrs. Meldon.

Hannah Gage George Professor

42. According to Prof Henry Corrie his bomb will revolutionize ____________.

Harbor Warfare World Industry

43. Mrs. Meldon considers was as ____________ of boys.

Organized killing Organized service Organized butchery Organized assembly

44. Eddie and his men waited in the trench for ____________ days and night.

3 9 6 8

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 66
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

45. Eddie made ____________ runs in his first match.

10 8 5 12
46. According to Prof Henry Corrie one bomb is sufficient to wipe out the population of a city like____________.

Landon Paris Manchester Durham

47. The Japanese declared war against____________.

Russian Chinese Indians Dutch

48. Corrie bomb wouldn’t have no ____________ and colour.

Taste Smell Fragrance Beauty

49. Eddie was a ____________ on his second leave.

C.O Soldier Captain Leader

50. Mrs. Meldon killed Henry Corrie by ____________.

Knife Dagger Pistol Bomb

STORY
A Wood Cutter And the God Mercury
Once there was a wood-cutter. He went to the jungle, cut wood, sold it in the market and the thus fed his
children. One day he was cutting some wood on the bank of a river, his axe slipped and fell into the river.
He was very sad. The god Mercury appeared. He asked him. “Why are you very sad”? The wood-cutter said.
“I have lost my axe with which I earned my daily bread”. The god was moves. He dived into the deep water
and brought out a golden axe. The woodcutter refused to own it. The god dives again and brought out
another axe made was not so beautiful. “The wood cutter refused saying”. My axe was not beautiful. “The
god dived for the third time and brought out an axe made of iron. The wood-cutter was delighted to his
honesty that he gave him the other two axes also, as reward for his honesty.

Moral: Honesty is the best policy.

An Old Man And His Sons

An old man had three sons. They always quarreled among themselves. The old man tried to better their
relations nut in vain. At last the old man fell ill. He was nearly on his death bed. All the sons gathered round
his bed. He asked them to bring a bundle of stick. They obeyed him. He then asked them one by one to
break the bundle. Every one of them tried his best but to no purpose. None of them could break the bundle.
The old man smiled at their failure. He told them to tie the bundle and breaks the sticks one by one. It was
quite easy now. Even the youngest son broke the sticks easily. The old man called his sons nearer and said,
“Union is strength.” The words were few but that had a good effect upon them. They began to live in peace
and happiness after his death.

Moral: Union is strength

A Hare And Tortoise

Once a hare and a tortoise were fast friends. They always live together. Once the hare was in a good mood.
He made fun of his heavy pace simply to tease him. The tortoise took it ill and challenged him to run a race.
The swift-footed hare laughed at challenge. He accepted it. Time day and the track were fixed. One the
appointed day they lined up on the starting point. One of them said. “One, two and three” and they started.
The hare took a few hops and was soon far ahead of the tortoise. He lay under a cool, shady but steadily. He

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 67
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

passed the sleeping hare. The tortoise was near the winning post when the hare woke. He run as fast as his
legs could carry him nut in vain. The tortoise had reached the winning post before him. The hare was
ashamed and never again made fun of his friend.
Moral: Slow and steady wins the Race.
The King And the Spider
King Robert Bruce rules over Scotland. Once he was defeated by the English. He ran for his dear life. His
enemies following him. He hid himself in a cave. When he was lying there, he saw a spider that fell from its
web. It tried nine times. But failed. The king though that the spider would try no more no more. But it tried
once again. This time it reached its web. It gave the king a new hope. He said to himself. “When this small
insect can succeed by trying again and again, why should not I try once again and succeed”? He came out of
the cave. He gathered a large army and attacked the English. This time they fought very bravely and
defeated them.

Moral: (i) Try, Try again

(ii) Never lose heart.

A Foolish Stag
Once a stag was drinking water at a pool. He saw his reflection in the clear water of the pool. He was greatly
pleased to see his beautiful horn. He said in his mind. “How beautiful my horn are!” Suddenly he caught
sight of his thin and ugly legs. He felt sad to see them. He said to himself. “How unlucky. I am to have such
thin and ugly legs! Would that my legs were as beautiful as my horns! As he stood there thinking sadly, he
saw some hounds coming towards him. He ran to save his life. His nimble legs, which he hated so much,
carried him away from the hounds. Unfortunately his horns were caught in a bush. He tried hard to free
himself but in vain. Soon the hounds came up and killed him

Moral: (i) Do not find fault with the ways of God

(ii) all that Glitters is not gold.

The Hidden Treasure

Once there lives a farmer in a certain village. He had four sons. They were all very lazy. They always
quarreled with one another. Their bad habits were a great cause of trouble for the old famer. He longed to
see them live in peace but they always threw cold water on his hopes. He very anxious to shake off their
laziness. But he did not find such chances till he fell seriously ill. When he was at the point of death, he sent
for his sons. When they came to him he said. “My boys, a large treasure lies hidden in our field. But I am
sorry I cannot tell you the exact place where it is buried, for I don’t remember it, you can find it, if you try”.
Saying this, the old farmer breathed his last, after a few days, they decided to find out the treasure. They
turned up every nook and corner of the field to a great depth. But they did not know that their field had
become very fertile by their thorough search of the treasure. They sowed the seeds and got very rich harvest.
They sold it in the market and got immense wealth. This was the treasure referred to by their father. It was
then that they realised how hard work pays in the long run, and they got rid of their laziness forever.

Moral: No pains no gains.

A Farmer And His Daughter

A famer had a daughter. She was very imaginative. Once her father gave her a bucket full of milk. She was
to take it to the market for selling milk. On the was, her imagination started working. She thought there
would be a great rush of buyers. Milk would be sold at once and to would bring a lot of money. With that

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 68
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

money, she felt that after a few years, her father would become very rich. Many offers for her marriage
would come to him. She tossed her head and said the she would refuse them all like that. As she tossed her
head, the bucket fell down and milk was all spilt on the ground. She was very sad but nothing could be done
then.

Moral: Do not build castles in the air.

A Strange Hen
There lives a greedy man in a village. He had a strange hen, it daily laid an egg of solid gold. He sold the
egg at a very high price. Within a few days, he became very rich. The people were very much impressed by
his riches. He was respected everywhere. But as time passed, he became more and more greedy. He was so
impatient that he could not wait for several months. He did not wait for the egg o come out on by one. He
thought of a plan to fulfill his desire. He wanted to become rich at once, One day he killed the hen. He
wanted to get all the eggs at once. He opened the stomach of the hen and looked for the egg. He was much
surprised to find no egg in the stomach at all. Now he relished his folly. He repented but he could never get
such eggs in future.

Moral: (i) Tit for tat.

(ii) As you sow, so shall you reap.
The Fox And The Goat
Once a fox fell into well. He did not know how to come out. The well was shallow, but he could not get out
of it. By chance, a goat passed that way. She looked into the well. She was surprised to find the fox there/
she said to the fox. “Hello! What are you doing here”? The fox replied. “Dear, the water of this well is very
sweet. I daily com there to drink it. So did not stop to think but jumped into the well. The fox at once got
realized her folly. She requested the fox to help her out. The fox said, “Why did you jump into the well if
you could not come out? Now go on crying your master will come to get you out. In the meantime, you may
enjoy the sweet water of the well. Goodbye! “Saying this the fox ran onto the jungle and the goat was left in
trouble.

Moral: (i) Look before you leap.

(ii) Haste makes waste.

Two friends And The Bear

Two friends lives in a village. They often bragged about true and sincere friendship. One day they set for
another village. On the way they passed through a forest. When they were walking through the forest, they
saw a bear coming to their direction, at a distance. One of them hurriedly climbed up the tree and did not
bother about the other. The friend who could not climb up the tree lay on the grass quite breathless like a
dead man. After sometime the bear same near him and smelt him. The bear thought him dead and took his
way.

When the bear went away, the selfish friend came down from the tree and went to his friend. He asked what
bear had told him in his ear. The other friend was a wise fellow and he replied that the hear had told him that
a friend in need is a friend indeed. Since that day he never to his selfish friend who left him in the trouble.

Moral: A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 69
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

OFFICIAL LETTERS
Write a letter to the Director of the Corporation complaining about a heap of garbage nears your
residence.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

The Director,
Karachi Metropolitan Corporation,
Karachi.

Sir,

I would like to draw your attention towards our important problem. I know that you are doing a lot for
betterment of health of masses and housing conditions in and around the city but my problem needs your
personal and considerate attention. In fact there is a heap of garbage near my residence and it has made our
life miserable.

All the residents and sweeper throw the garbage near my house and it had become a filth depot. In the day
time the garbage spreads in the street and gives bad smell. It become home of mosquitoes and flies. They
carry the germs and spread diseases. My younger son and daughter are always ill because of it.

This heap of garbage has became a grave risk to our lives. Whenever a complaint is lodged, the concerned
staff does not pay any heed which is a usual habit or just do nominal work. It requires a permanent and
immediate solution. It is requested not to delay this matter which is going ruin our health.

I, therefore, would like to request you to consider my request sympathetically and issue orders to remove
this heap of garbage.

I will be grateful to you far this act of kindness.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

.........................................................................................................................................................................

Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, expressing the need for opening a girls’ college in your
town.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

The Editor,
The Pakistan Times,
Karachi.

Sir,

I request you to publish the following letter in your esteemed daily. The matter is of public importance.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 70
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

We, the residents of new garden Town feel great inconvenience because of the lack of a college for girls in
our Town. There are two girls high school in the town. The students after passing the matriculation
Examination find it very hard to go for further education. They are rather going to Govt. College Model
Town, or Govt. College jail Road, Lahore.
They have to travel long distance to attend the colleges. A lot of their time is wasted in going to and coming
back from colleges. The timings of the buses do not suit the students. They have to wait for long hours and
when the bus is late, they invariably marked absent in the college register. They have to pay huge sums of
money every month as fine. If they reside in the boarding house, the expenses are so high that parents cannot
afford them. Some very bright girls have to give up education because of the lack of education facilities.

We therefore, request the education authorities to open a college at new garden Town, so that the national
talent should not go waste.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

...........................................................................................................................................................................

To Municipal authorities for the provision of children Parks at suitable places in your city.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

The Lord Mayor,

Karachi Metropolitan,
Karachi,

Sir,

I would like to bring certain to your notice and hope you will agree with me. The population of our locality
is rapidly increasing. There is almost an explosion and to cope with this situation a good number of children
and Public Parks have become a necessity. It needs hardly he emphasised that a public parks is essential for
the health and recreation of the residents. These are specially necessary for the growing children.

Many times we have approached the Municipal authorities in this connection but our proposal was out into
cold storage on once pretext or another, in spite of the fact that a very suitable piece of land is available for
laying over the much needed park.

I therefore earnestly request you to take this urgent matter up and get this proposal approved by the
Municipal Corporation by taking personal interest in it.

We, the resident of Karim Park will be highly grateful to you for this act of kindness.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 71
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper giving your views on smoking.

The Editor,
Karachi Metropolitan,
Karachi.

Sir,

Through the columns of you esteemed paper I would like to express my views sweet poison which people
dearly cherish and buy with their hard earned money. I point to the perils of smoking which is increasing
monstrously in our all layers of society, especially the younger generations. It contains a number of fatal
poisons like nicotine which are sucked in rather purchased without any consideration of the consequence.

Although it is a word out subject, but still it needs a continuous struggle against this national menace. Each
packet of cigarettes does contain an instruction or earning that smoking is injurious to health, but it seems to
have no deterrent effect. Therefore it needs a large-scale campaign on all levels, depicting out the injuries
glaringly which the smoking is highly to incur. It is a curse.

In my view, we should combat it by placing strict limitations on smoking in all places where people
assemble as cinema-houses, auditorium halls, parks and gardens, within the precincts of all educational
institution. Hospitals, clinics, offices of Government departments and private enterprises, entertainment halls
etc. beside, the students should be made aware of its dangers by prominent people, by lectures, and the
display of actual films on afflicted persons.

Smoking not only sucks the robust health of the people, destroys the vitality and ultimately damages the
brain, effects the lunges and gives rise to the chronic diseases like cancer etc. The publicity and
advertisement campaigns by the cigarette manufacturers must be curtailed. Government will have to decide
to choose the national health of her citizens or the revenue collected from the cigarette manufacturing
companies.

In the end, I would like to appeal to the learned people to come forward and make the campaign a complete
success.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper discussing the evil of bribery in Pakistan.

Examination Hall,
City (A. B. C)
July, 22.2012

The Editor,
The daily Jang,
Karachi.

Sir,

I would like to express my views through the column of your esteemed paper on the vicious circle of
bribery. This evil is widely and shamelessly rampant I our country. There seems no period vacant from this
evil in the history of the country. According to the experts, the evil of bribery has ever been present in the
world in one form or another.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 72
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

In the present era, the evil of bribery is more evidently present in the developing countries. However bribery
has appeared not from any void, but it takes its roots from the society concerned. Bribery is the result of red
tapism, meager salaries, lustful activities, materialistic inclinations, every-growing desires and finally lack of
contentment and lack of deep sense of religious injunctions.

The solution lies in the sole implementation of Islamic laws in true spirit, besides simplifying the office
procedures. The deterrent lies in drastic punishment even capital ser sence. All complaints regarding bribery
should be brought to light and cases must be decided within seven days by speedy courts.

If the concerned authorities take proper measures in this regard, this social evil will decrease definitely.

Yours Truly,
X. Y. Z

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Write a letter to the director Telephone about Refund or Adjustment of over bill.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

Divisional Engineer (Phones)

Telecommunication Region,
Karachi.

Subject: Refund or Adjustment of overpaid Bill

Dear Sir,

I regret to say that I have been receiving highly inflated bills over the past few months. The bill I received
for the month of August crossed all the limits. This was ten times the amount I was expecting. When I
complained against the bill to your Accounts Department, I was told to deposit the requisite amount first and
then lodge a complaint. I obeyed their instructions and paid the bill.

Again for the month of September I received an excessive bill. The telephone was locked and the house was
also locked and yet I received a bill that was four times the amount I was expecting. Now I have made
another complaint will against this bill but your department says that the complaint will be considered only
after the bill has been paid. This is really funny because no step has so far been taken on my last complaint. I
request you look into me why my bills are improbably high.

It is also requested to kindly refund or adjusts the overpaid amount against my telephone at your earliest
convenience,

Thanking you in anticipation.

Yours Sincerely
X. Y. Z

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 73
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

ESSAYS
STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISLAM
In Islam women enjoy an exalted and dignified position which can never he found in any other religion of
the world. Islam bestows women a very respectable place. Islam is the only religion that recognizes a
women to be a loving daughter of a kind father a polite wife of a loving husband, a kind-hearted mother of a
good son and a polite sister of a lovable brother. It recognizes the position of women to be the same as the of
men. It claims that both come from the same essence.

The position of the mother is very much exalted in Islamic tradition. Prophet Muhammad (peaces be upon
him) has gone so far as to say, “Paradise lies underneath the feet of your mothers”. As regards the position
of a women as wife, the saying of the prophet (Peace be upon him) is categorical. “The best among you is
the one who is best towards his family”. With regards to women as a daughter, the Islamic attitude can he
realised from the reproaches which the Holy Quran makes against the pagan pre-Islamic behavior at the
birth of daughters. Islam abolished all types of such disgraces.

So for as the conjugal and material life is concerned, the mutual relation of husband and wife is described in
the Holy Quran as that of a single soul in two bodies. Islam describes the house as a unit in the greater
organization of a nation as a whole as a whole. It speaks of husband as being “an administrator and
supervisor over the people of the house” and the wife is described as “Administrator of the house of her
husband and children. They home is thus described as a kingdom. Where authority is exercised by both the
husband and the wife within the boundaries of mutual understanding.

Islam has drawn a clear line of demarcation between the duties of men and women in the business of their
daily life. It envisages a natural division of work between men and women. While man is best suited to fight
and make his way through the attributes, women is entrusted with the onerous task of bringing up the
younger generation because of the preponderance of the quality of love and compassion in her. This
functional division of work does not mean that women has entirely been excluded from other kinds of
activities in every sphere of life.

We come to the conclusion that Islam recommends the duties of women mostly at home. Islam has laid
greater stress on the domestic duties of a women. Our salvation lies in following the teaching of Islam.
Therefore, we must abstain from copying the western culture blindly and must stick to our own Islamic
culture as firmly as possible.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 74
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY
The modern democratic state is a type of state which came into existence in 19th century largely as an effect
of the French Revolution and the industrial Revolution of the absolute nation-state of 16th and the 17th
century. But the Islamic state came into existence in the 7th century as an effect of the greatest Revolution of
the world which was not only political and economic but also social and ethical.

Islam revolutionized every aspect of human life. So, Islamic democracy in its connotation is wider than
western democracy. It means not only political equality but also social equality. In Islamic society all are
equal. There is no class division or distinctions of birth and social position/ all member of the society enjoy
equal status and position. The only criterion of superiority in Islamic society is personal ability and
character. Allah says. “O mankind! I created you out of a single pair of a male and a female, the most
honoured of you in the sight of Allah is the who is the most righteous of you”.

The Holy prophet said. “No one is superior to another except n point of faith and piety. All men are
descended from Adam and Adam was made of clay. Is Islam the concept of human brotherhood and equality
is vital and basic. The lowest of the low must have the same right as the highest of the high the President of
the Republic. The first effective Endeavour of Islam to establish social equilibrium is its emphasis on
equality. The Holy Prophet said. “All men are equal in their human rights”.

In Islamic society everyone has got a right for equal opportunities of progress; the restricted scope for
personal achievement is the hall-mark of Islamic society. Islam not only emphasizes social equality, but also
bans such attitude and activities as are likely to disturb social harmony. Democracy in capitalistic countries
grants simply equal political right so, through manipulation of the non restricted freedom, the capitalists
make masses their wag slave. It results in mockery and force. All the wealth and resources under a
capitalistic democracy are concentrated in the hands of few capitalistic. They through their money power
turn the state into servant of their interests as against the interest of the general masses. This dangerous
possibility is not expected to occur in the Islamic state.

In capitalistic society, money determines one’s place in society. This is against the spirit of Islam. In a true
Islamic society no man can lord over others merely on the strength of a swollen purse. Islam cut the very
root of the possibility of economic exploitation by prohibiting vested interest, hoarding, profiteering, by
imposing Zakat and by declaring that all that is in the heaven and the earth belongs to god alone.

Islam ensures social justice and economic security for all by a comprehensive system of check and balances
on the sources of income, the means of living and the avenues of expenditure. It thus acts as a preventive
check on the capitalistic tendencies and evils. Islam also enunciates its scheme of economic freedom and
security through its scheme of equitable distribution of wealth and resources. It declares the state ownership
of all natural resources.

Right to private property is no doubt recognized by Islam, but it is hedged round by salutary checks. Islam
imposed heavy social responsibilities on the rich. There is a warning for serious punishment in store for
those who abuse their riches to the detriment of society. It has declared that all authority belongs to entitled
to exercise that authority. No nobility, no priest has any discriminating privilege. Thus political equality or
rule of law of capitalistic democracy is also fully secured in Islam.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 75
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

FEMALE EDUCATION
The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Women should be educated like men, otherwise. There can
be no peace and no progress. If you yoke an unbroken horse with a highly trained one, the carriage will be
dashed to pieces, and the occupant’s lives will be endangered. They cannot pull on they will pull in different
direction. The family peace cannot be preserved with such ill matched lifelong companions.

Napoleon was once asked what the greatest need of France was. He unhesitatingly answered. Mothers
national progress if impossible without trained and educated mothers. It is well said that if you train a
women, you train a whole family.

Women are called the better half of man. It is a pity that this better half should remain in ignorance.
Uneducated and ignorance women are a drag on society. Women has the same mental gifts as man has; why,
then, should she be deprived of the blessings of knowledge? Of course, the duties of both differ. Man’s
duties are mostly public, those of women, domestic. Although women are these days coming to the front in
public affairs, also. The education of man or women should be such as may fit him or her for the duties
which he or she will be called upon to perform in after life.

There is a keen controversy going on in Pakistan whether women should receive higher education or not.
Orthodox people recognize the value of education of women, but are opposed giving them high education. If
women be mentally fit to receive higher education, there seems to be no reason why they should not be
allowed to develop their mental faculties to the utmost. To give them only the rudiments of knowledge,
while they are eager and quite fit for advanced studies, is to condemn them to a plea are perpetual inferiority
which is extremely unjust. All men, also, are not endowed with the same powers. There are dullards among
them, too.

In Pakistan at the present time, considering all circumstance, the ignorance of centuries, the conservative
ways of the people, and the religious and social traditions and customs, there is great need of proceeding
with great caution in the matter of female education. A wholesale transportation of the Western system is
neither desirable not profitable. A system based on the needs and circumstances of the people should be
adopted.

It is a significant sigh of the times that people are awakening to the need education the girls. Girls’ Schools
are being opened everywhere. But still the number of education women. Including literates even, is very,
very small hardly one in a hundred.

Domestic duties and religious instruction should form an important part of the curriculum of Girls Schools.
Their courses of reading should be different from those for boy. They danger of anglicizing them, which has
proved so great and real in the case of boys, should be minimized as far as possible. The School atmosphere
should be entirely Pakistan.

An education women is a real blessing in the home. The early education of children is properly looked after,
and the whole management of the household is conducted peacefully and most advantageously. Peace and
cleanliness prevail. Domestic happiness, it is no exaggeration to say, depends entirely on the women, and the
best way to secure it is to educate her in her duties. Women is certainly the better man, as Tennyson says.

..........................................................................................................................................................................

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 76
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

MY FIRST DAY IN COLLEGE

I passed the Secondary School Certificate Examination from my school. I obtained 690 marks. I was
selected for admission to the local Government college. Lectures began on the 5th of September. I went there
in the morning that day, with great pride on my bicycle. I saw a large number of students at the gate. They
began to clap their hands, as I went near them. I smelt some mischief. I got down from my bicycle and
began to walk. One of them pulled it back. The next moment I saw them drawing my books from over the
carrier, one by one by one. I told them to behave properly. But they laughed and began to cut jokes with me.
I went to the bicycle stand, and they followed me like a shadow. I locked my bicycle there. There returned
me my books, shook hands with me and went away.

I had gone only a few paces towards the office, when I saw two well dressed gentlemen coming towards me.
They said that were professors in that college. I greeted them as one of them asked me, if anybody had
teased me. Don’t worry said the other. “and have a cup of tea with us, in the college tuck shop:. They took
me there and became very friendly with me. A shirtless servant placed a tray on the table before us, I
blushed to see the tea pot quite empty and “You are a first year fool” printed on the cup and the saucer
placed before me. They burst into peals of laughter and others, in the tuck shop, clapped their hands, I left
the chair in hot haste, with my face as pale as death.
I met some boy outside. They said that they were first year students. They took me to a class room. We had
hardly taken our seats, when a gentleman wearing gown came in. Everybody stood up. But before I could
take my seat, I was utterly surprised to see everybody singing Hey Jamalo around me; and the gentleman
wearing the gown, dancing on the dais. I wondered at my experiences of the college life, as I came out of the
class room. I decided to return home. I went to the bicycle stand. But I found its wheels punctures; and the
saddle, lying on the ground beside it. I was still standing there. When I heard an announcement from the
loud speaker it. Said that lectures to the first year class would begin on and from tomorrow at 7 A.M.,
according to the time table put up on the notice board. I dared not go there, lest I should fall into another
trap, and returned home.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

CO-EDUCATION
Co education means the education of boys and girls in the same schools. Colleges or Universities. This is a
modern concept and it has made a remarkable rapid progress. It was first introduces in Switzerland, but now
it has become popular almost in all Europe and America. The country opinions sharply differ on the issue of
co education in colleges.

The supporters of co education favour it mainly on two grounds, one economical and the other sociological
in the first place, they say that co education is an economical measure in a poor country like Pakistan. It is
not possible to maintain separate colleges for boys and girls especially in vocational colleges a lot of money
is required to equip the libraries, laboratories and workshops. In the second place, the social contacts
between the members of the two sexes are useful in many respects. The supporters of co education say that
if boys and girls are education together, they will develop in them a sort of mutual understanding; this
understanding will be helpful in their future life as men and women. They believe that co education makes
boys less coarse and girls less morbid. The boys become civilized and polite and spirit of competition is
studies are revived. Both try their hard to outdo each other.

The arguments of the supporters of co education are weighty but of those who are weightier. Demerits of
this system make its success in this country doubtful. The opponents of co education argue that in a hot
country like Pakistan this system is impracticable. Here boys and girls become young at an early age. Youth
is blind and there is every possibility that they may fall a victim to their emotions. Then every one of us

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 77
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

knows that ends and aims of education for the two sexes are quite different. Their demands ion educations
are different from each other and therefore, it is false economy to teach them in the same institution. Again,
in Pakistan colleges are very few and they are overcrowded. Co education can prove economical only in
such cases where the number of the students in the college is very small. And moreover we must remember
that Islam disallows free mixing of boys and girls. It is for these reasons, the opponents of co education
think that the system is not fir our country.

To conclude we may say that co education is above objection in the professional colleges where the ultimate
goal of all the students is the same. But in arts and Science College where the two sexes are prepared for the
normal routine of life. Co education is unnecessary.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

UNEMPLOYMENT
Employment means occupation. To be busy in doing something productive is to be employed. So
unemployment means absence of employment. When the people are out of work and have nothing to do,
they are said to be unemployed. Unemployment is a worldwide problem. Even advanced countries like
U.S.A, U.K And France have this problem. In the third world countries, unemployment is at its peak.
Pakistan is no exception.

Unemployment is a social evil of far reaching consequences. It specks starvation, disease and death in its
victims. They have no education, no culture, and therefore no concern for right and wrong, good and evil.
Dishonesty corruption crime sin and vices of all kinds prevail in a society where population is unemployed
on a large scale. Politically unemployment breeds discontent in the masses. Votes are sold and bought.
Revolutions and mob violence are the result of unemployment. People bust in finding out job for them
cannot pay attention to their rights and duties as citizens. Moreover, when a large portion of population is
unemployed, no effort to increase the national income can succeed.

The cause of this wide spread unemployment are four. First, our system of education does not suit our needs.
Much attention is paid to general and liberal education. Our country is an advancing country and needs
skilled hands. The teaching institutions turn out a peculiar type of young man who hates manual labour. He
is good for nothing except reading books and dreaming of high status in society. Secondly our country is not
much advanced in industry. We cannot absorb all our young men in factories. Moreover, they are not
skilled. Thirdly, In our country a few privileged persons are keeping all the key industries to them. If work
and leisure are equally distributes all men will have enough of work and enough of leisure. But the
education young men and common men have neither the capital nor the opportunities to try their luck in
business. Lastly I our country birth rate is very high. The sources of the country are not enough to maintain
such a large population. People are more the jobs are few. The result is unemployment.

Keeping is view the consequences of this evil, the Government of Pakistan much. It has already started
many employment schemes. The national man Power Council runs a National Employment Bureau which
helps the Pakistan to get jobs. Recently a Youth investment Scheme has been started in Pakistan. They give
financial help to young people and assist them in setting up business promotion scheme taste and ability.
Labour Department has being established. But in spite of all, much more is needed. Production should be
stepped in agriculture. The country should be industrialized to provide new channels of employment. The
concept of education should be changed. Planned distribution of wealth should be ensured. Population must
be kept within limits. It is only after a long time struggle that we can get rid of this evil and make our
country prosperous.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 78
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

"Articles"
1. ______ apple ______ day keeps ______ doctor away. (An, a, the)

2. He has gone to ______ hospital for ______ operation. (The, an)

3. He is ______ honourable man. (An)

4. ______ bird can fly very high in ______ sky.(a, the)

5. Space travel has now become ______ reality.(a)

6. John is ______ only student who didn’t pass ______ test.(The,the)

7. I plan to buy ______ expensive camera.(An)

8. He will leave after ______ day or two.(A)

9. ______ old gardener is watering ______ plants.(An,the)

10. He is always helpful to ______ people.(The)

11. I want ______ glass of milk.(A)

12. Ahmed is ______ tallest boy of the class.(The)

13. There is ______ fly in ______ ointment.(A,the)

14. She is ______ honourable woman.(An)

15. For ______ first time on a trip, we had ______ difference of opinion as to how ______ best, this should be done for ______
better result.(The,the,the)

16. At ______ little distance from ______ college, there is ______ old building in which ______ honest and hardworking man
lives on ______ top floor.(A,the,an,an,the)

17. He is ______ very brilliant boy.(A)

18. They are ______ best out of the whole lot.(The)

19. There is ______ shop round the corner.(A)

20. I must have ______ extra key for the front door.(An)

21. He broke ______ leg in the skiing accident. It’s still in the plaster.(A)

22. Quaid-e-Azam was ______ honourable man.(An)

23. ______ independence of United States of America dates from ______ 4th of July, 1776.(The,the)

24. ___the___ sun went down below the horizon.(The)

25. ______ stitch in time saves time.(A)

26. ______man is mortal.(The)

27. Honesty is ______ best policy.(The)

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 79
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

28. I saw Ahmed in ______ hotel. I saw him ______ hour ago.(A,an)

29. The more you work, ______ better will your result.(The

30. They received ______ telegram in the after noon.(A)

31. He worked hard, as he had ______ object to work for.(An)

32. You should eat ______ apple ______ day.(An,a)

33. My hen laid ______ egg Yesterday.(An)

34. ______ few of then manged to touch ______ shore.(A,the)

35. ______ indus has flooded ______ village.(The,a)

36. ______ apple has ______ sweet taste.(An,a)

37. the knife is made of ______ metal.(A)

38. He is ______ M.A in English.(An)

39. Iron is ______ metal.(A)

40. A red and ______ white cow are grazing in the field.(A)

41. ______ sky was dark and it seemed that ______ storm was coming.(The,a)

42. I need ______ umbrella.(An)

43. ______ Ravi is not ______ longest river in Pakistan.(The,the)

44. ______ dust man comes only a week.(The)

45. Karachi is ______ biggest city in Pakistan.(The)

46. ______ Quran is a holy book.(The)

47. ______ Jhelum is a big river.(The)

48. Man is ______ mortal being.(A)

49. The lady was clad in ______ black bruqa.(A)

50. The lion is ______ noble beast.(A)

51. We started late in ______ afternoon.(The)

52. ______ Indus is a great river.(The)

53. Quran is sacred book of ______ Muslims.(The)

54. ______ horse is a useful animal.(The)

55. ______ luggage is on ______ platform.(The,the)

56. He showed ______ courage worthy of ______ old man.(A,an)

57. I cannot forget ______ kindness with which he treated me.(The)

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 80
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

58. I went to ______ hospital to see my uncle.(The)

59. Copper is ______ useful metal.(A)

60. I have ______ black and ______ white dog.(A,a)

61. ______ more I think about the idea ______ less like it.(The,the)

62. I should like ______ house in ______ country.(A,the)

63. ______ rich are happy.(The)

64. Which is ______ longest river in Pakistan?(The)

65. I has been ill for ______ last two days.(The)

66. ______ honest man is ______ noblest work of God.(An,the)

"Prepositions"
1. I come to the university ______ bus.(By)

2. He is afraid ______ snakes.(of)

3. The author beings ______ asking four questions.(By)

4. All science beings ______ the knowledge of our ignorance.(With)

5. I complimented him ______ his success.(on)

6. Send this letter ______ this address.(To)

7. He managed to get a seat ______ the bus.(In)

8. He does not devote much time ______ his studies.(To)

9. He is an authority ______ Malaysian history.(on)

10. She had a good reason ______ being angry.(For)

11. I have very little faith ______ his judgement.(In)

12. Do not laugh ______ the old man.(At)

13. He comes ______ a noble family.(of)

14. He did not agree ______ me.(With)

15. I was angry ______ his behaviour.(At)

16. His views are not clear ______ me.(To)

17. She is kind ______ me.(To)

18. My brother is angry ______ me.(With)

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 81
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

19. She felt great joy ______ her success.(In)

20. She is good ______ English.(In)

21. Put ______ the lights.(out)

22. I am pleased ______ your achievement.(With)

23. The man is blind ______ one eye.(With)

24. My sister stays ______ home.(At)

25. Take care ______ your health.(Of)

26. Write ______ the margin of your book.(In)

27. His office is adjacent ______ the mosque.(To)

28. She is very proficient ______ English.(In)

29. I am not ashamed ______ anything I have done.(Of)

30. She has always felt inferior ______ her sister.(To)

31. He is frequently absent ______ school.(From)

32. He is ______ the height of his career.(At)

33. The poor beggar was crushed ______ a car.(By)

34. What the chances ______ your success in the examination?(Of)

35. I got eighty marks ______ of hundred.(Out)

36. What is the table made ______?(Of)

37. They are laughing ______ him.(At)

38. We went ______ the seaside by car.(To)

39. I bought this car ______ Rs. 20/-.(For)

40. He was accused ______ stealing the money.(Of)

41. He stood ______ me in crisis.(By)

42. Do not blame me ______ this.(For)

43. He has promised to look ______ the matter.(Into)

44. He has acceded ______ my request.(To)

45. He told me that he was familiar ______ that subject.(With)

46. Do not cry ______spilt mill.(At)

47. The children have been playing ______ 5O’clock.(Since)

48. Charity begins ______ home.(At)

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 82
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

49. The revolt was put ______ at the right time.(Out)

50. He is a man ______ iron will.(Of)

51. A man ______ need is a friend indeed.(In)

52. Will you take care ______ this packet and keep it ______ you.(Of,with)

53. Is he an authority ______ this subject.(On

54. I prefer foot ball ______ to baseball.(To)

55. The committee was opposed ______ the proposal.(With)

56. He is very much interested ______ world affairs.(In)

57. She is not afraid ______ death.(Of)

58. Wait ______ me ______ the station.(For,at)

59. They went home ______ foot.(On

60. The house, he lives ______ is very old.(In)

61. Smoking is injurious ______ health.(For)

62. He will tell you ______ his result.About)

63. He is trying to change this wood ______ coal.(Into)

64. Take ______ your hat.(Off)

65. Isn’t the road ______ construction.(For)

66. I arrived ______ the station ______ the train had left.(At,after)

67. The shop was ______ fire and the people were crying ______ help.(On,for)

68. What a pity! We don’t adhere ______ our own principles.(To)

69. He stood ______ me.(By)

70. He ran ______ me.(After)

71. She does her work ______ night.(At)

72. There were hills all ______ the way.(Along)

73. I have some pain ______ my chin.(Under)

74. The end is ______ hand.(At)

75. I am tired ______ doing nothing.(Of)

76. He succeeded ______ secuing some votes.(In)

77. That portrait is very much true ______ life.(To)

78. I differ ______ you entirely.(With)

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 83
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

79. I was thinking ______ you.(of)

80. It is of no use ______ me.(To)

81. She was standing ______ the two houses.(Between)

82. A girl ______ blue eyes has just gone ______ the door.(With,off)

83. He complained ______ pain in her back.(of)

84. She is glad ______ my success.(At)

85. Always be good ______ others.(To)

86. They walked ______ the railway line.(Along)

87. Turn left ______ the next intersection.(At)

88. He was wearing a fine shirt ______ his coat.(Underneath)

89. There is a stream ______ the bridge.(Under)

90. He spoke ______ me in English.(To)

91. I have applied ______ the post.(For)

92. He is interested ______ buying my car.(In)

93. He has not replied ______ my letter.(To)

94. He is angry ______ me.(With)

95. Are you sure ______ the facts.(Of)

96. I have great regard ______ my father.(For)

97. The hunt ______ knowledge is a long-life task.(For)

98. He was shot dead ______ his enemy.(By)

99. The house is ______ fire.(On)

100. Please write ______ ink.(With)

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 84
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

"Idiomatic Structures"
1. AT SIXES AND SEVENS: Home ruler, who were all at sixes and sevens among themselves agreed only upon the one thing
and that was the freedom of India.

2. ALL IN ALL: The Head clerk is all in all in this office.

3. ALL THE SAME: It is all the same to me whether the pull over is home-made or bazaar-made.

4. AT LARGE: The culprits are still at large.

5. BY FITS AND STARTS: He works by fits and starts and does not apply him steadily.

6. BLACK SHEEP: We should be aware of the black sheep in our society.

7. A BONE OF CONTENTION: This property is a bone of contention between the two brothers.

8. TO BREAK THE ICE: We all wanted to talk on this subject by no one willing to break the ice.

9. A BURNING QUESTION: Kashmir is a burning question of the day.

10. TO BACK OUT: He promised to help me but backed out at the eleventh hour.

11. TO BEAT ABOUT THE BUSH: Stop beating about the bush; say exactly what you mean.

12. BED OF ROSES: A military life is not bed of roses.

13. IN COLD BLOOD: He murdered the merchant in cold blood.

14. TO FALL TO THE GROUND: The theory has fallen to the ground.

15. GO HAND IN HAND: Diligence and prosperity go hand in hand.

16. LEAVE NO STONE UNTURNED: Shah Faisal left no stone unturned to bring about unity in the Islamic world.

17. LIVE FROM HAND TO MOUTH: Our middle class people live generally from hand to mouth.

18. LOOK DOWN UPON: He is so proud of his promotion that he looks down upon all his former friends.

19. AT A LOSS: He is never at a loss for an appropriate word.

20. TO PAY BACK IN THE SAME COIN: If a person rude towards you, it does not mean that you should pay him in the same
coin.

21. TO KEEP PACE WITH: Agriculture in the states has kept pace with manufacture, but it has far out stepped commerce. 22.
RED TAPE: Florence Nightingale was a sworn enemy of red tape.

23. TO SPEAK VOLUMES: The murders spoke volumes about political conditions before Indian elections.

24. UP TO THE MARK: You don’t look quite up to the mark today.

25. TO GET INTO HOT WATER: Do not quarrel with your officers or you will soon get into hot water.

26. TIME AND AGAIN: Time and again proverbs come to be true.

27. CUT OFF: The supplies were cut off from the soldier due to snow fall.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 85
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

28. RUN AGAINST: Zuhair Akram Nadeem was running against Dr. Farooq Sattar in the elections 89.

29. TO TURN OVER A NEW LEAF: The teacher pardoned the boy on the condition that he promised to turn over a new leaf in
future.

30. TO NIP IN THE BUD: The plot to overthrow the Government was detected and nipped in the bud.

31. TO FEEL LIKE A FISH OUT OF WATER: Being the only educated person in that village, I felt like a fish out of water.

32. TO SHED CROCODILE TEARS: Don’t be deceived by the beggar’s crying. They are only crocodile’s tears.

33. LION SHARE: The stronger person generally gets the lions share of the property.

34. TO CRY OVER SPILT MILK: The damage has been done but instead of crying over spilt milk do something to repair it.

35. IT IS HIGH TIME: The exams begin next month so it is high time to study seriously.

36. TO SAVE SOMETHING FOR THE RAINY DAY: He wasted his savings and has kept nothing for the rainy day.

37. WITH A HIGH HAND: He is the most unpopular because he decides matters with a high hand.

38. DAY IN AND DAY OUT: I have been warning you day in and day out.

39. TO MAKE THE MOST OF: He let me use his bicycle for a week and I am going to make the most of it.

40. TO MAKE THE FUN OF: We should not make fun of handicaps.

41. TO MAKE ROOM FOR: They made room for more guests as all seats were full.

42. TO GO THROUGH: He went through the whole book within a week.

43. IN ALL: He got 782 marks in all.

44. ALL ALONE: Yesterday night she was all alone in her house.

45. TO PUT INTO PRACTICE: The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) put into practice what he preaches.

46. A WILD GOOSE CHASE: The robbers fled away and the police gave them a wild goose chase.

47. TO END IN SMOKE: All his efforts ended in smoke because they were not made sincerely.

48. WITH FLYING COLOURS: If you work hard you will pass your examination with flying colours.

49. ODDS AND ENDS: The shopkeeper does not sell any particular article, but deals in odds and ends.

50. UNDER ONE’S NOSE: The police were on the look out for the culprit who was hiding under their nose.

51. TO POKE ONE’S NOSE INTO: One should not poke one’s nose into others affairs.

52. TO KICK UP A ROW: It is useless kicking up a row when the matters can be decided peacefully.

53. TO WIND UP: He is winding up his business in the city, as he going abroad.

54. IN BLACK AND WHITE: I want your statement in black and white.

55. A RED LETTER DAY: 14th August is a red letter day in the history of Pakistan.

56. TO RUN INTO: Last night my friend ran into a cheat who deprived him of his brief case by changing it with an empty one.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 86
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

57. TO BRING TO LIGHT: A number of facts were brought to light by the Prime Minister in the recent Press Conference.

58. AT THE ELEVENTH HOUR: The president postponed his meeting with the journalists due to visit of the French delegation
at the eleventh hour.

59. TO COME ACROSS: In the wedding party, she come across he two very close friends of the University life.

60. TO GIVE UP: The doctor has strictly advised him to give up drinking and smoking for the sake of his life.

61. TO CALL A SPADE, A SPADE: Islam teaches us to call a spade, a spade even before a cruel ruler.

62. TO LOOK AFTER: All the parents have to look after their children during the early period of the school life.

63. TO BREAK UP: The two partners have decided to break up the partnership and divide the assets equally.

64. TO GET RID OF: Pakistan must get rid of that type of foreign aid, which puts on her, undue political pressure.

65. AT A STRETCH: Saeed Anwer played an aggressive inning and continued to score runs at a stretch.

66. TO GIVE IN: Imran Khan and Miandad were real fighters and they would never give in till the last ball.

67. TO LET DOWN: The rich feel proud of their wealth and usually let down the poor.

68. ONCE IN A BLUE MOON: I am not so fond of movies and watch some fine art movie once in a blue moon.

69. TO FALL OUT: A short tempered football player fell out with his opponents and got wounded.

70. TO CALL ON: The winners of 1994 World Cup called on the President, with their captain.

71. TO CALL OFF: The University students finally decided to call off the strike as their demands were accepted.

72. TO BRING HOME TO: Rizwan brought home to her all the important aspects of the matter.

73. TO GET OVER: The Indian Government made all possible efforts to get over the epidemic of plague.

74. TO GET ACROSS: The news of Mr. Eddhi’s self-exile got across the country within no time.

75. TO MAKE UP FOR: The Government and people of Iraq are working day and night to make up the loss caused by the Gulf
war.

76. TO MAKE OFF: The robbers made off through the back door just as the security guard started firing into air.

77. TO BRING OUT: The telephone Corporation has brought a decent Directory in three volumes.

78. TO BRING UP: Abraham Lincoln was brought up by his parents in a state of very limited financial resources.

79. TO TAKE OFF: The Hajj flight will take off every morning during the next couple of weeks.

80. TO TAKE PLACE: The wedding of my cousin will take place in the first week of November, next.

81. TO KEEP UP: Our cricket team must go through an extensive training and practice session to keep up their position in the
next world cup.

82. TO STIR UP: The statement given by Mr. Abdul Sattar Eddhi caused great stir up in the political circles.

83. TO GO OFF: While the police man was cleaning his rifle, it suddenly went off because it was loaded.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 87
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

84. TO LET OFF: Finally, the defaulter was let off by the civil authorities in view of his undertaking to abide by the rules in
future.

85. TO BEG FOR: The Quaid-e-Azam begged for peace and friendship with his former enemies, the Congress leaders.

86. TO FURNISH WITH: The chief justice was furnished with all the documentary proofs against the accused.

87. TO LOOK FOR: After the panic had subsided, people started looking for their misplaced baggage.

88. TO RUN AFTER: According to Einstein, ordinary people run after ordinary objects such as property and luxury.

89. TO TURN DOWN: The secretary was taking down the main points to prepare a summary of the Seminar on pollution.

90. TO WATCH OVER: Sensible parents make it a point to watch over the outdoor activities of their growing up children.

91. TO BANK ON: Never bank on a fair weather friend because he will certainly cheat you.

92. TO BLOW HOT AND COLD: It is part of his nature to blow hot and cold as he favours this political party today the other
party tomorrow.

93. TO BREAK THE NEWS: It was really very hard to break the shocking news of her husband’s accidental death to her.

94. TO CALL NAMES: He is such loose tempered man that he often begins to call names to his neighbours.

95. TO TURN THE TABLES: The pace attack by Wasim Akram and Waqar turned the tables against India and our cricket team
got victory.

96. TO HOLD WATER: The judge will give a favourable verdict only when you lawyer’s arguments hold water.

97. TO FACE THE MUSIC: Those who are responsible for terrorism in the city must face the music and be dealt with.

98. TO BE UNDER THE CLOUD: These days, the opposition leaders are under a cloud and being tortured by the Government.

99. BY HOOK OR BY CROOK: The corrupt politicians try to win in every general election by hook or by crook.

100. TO RUN SHORT OF: These days most areas in Karachi are running short of water supply.

101. TO KEEP AN EYE ON: Wise and responsible parents always keep and eye on the outdoor activities of their children.

102. TO BUILD CASTLES IN THE AIR: It is a favourite hobby of day dreamers and idealists to build castles in the air.

103. TO TAKE TO HEELS: Just as the mobile of Rangers approached, the robbers jumped over the gate and took to their heels.

104. BY LEAPS AND BOUNDS: In the 21st century, Pakistan is expected to make progress by leaps and bound.

105. TO TURN DEAF EAR TO: He turned a deaf ear to his father’s advice and as a result, fell into trouble.

106. AT THE NICK OF TIME: Medical aid was provided to the injured passengers at the nick of time and it proved effective.

107. TO BELL THE CAT: All the office workers are annoyed with the attitude of the M.D but no body dares to bell the cat.

108. TO HAVE AN AXE TO GRIND: He certainly had an axe to grind behind his sympathetic attitude.

109. TO BURRY THE HATCHET: At last the two combatant groups agreed to bury the hatchet and restore peace.

110. TO BEAR WITH: During our lifetime we have to bear with many sorrows and sufferings.

111. TO BEAR OUT: As a witness, he bore out in the court that the man was innocent.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 88
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

112. TO BEAR IN MIND: Always bear in the advice of your elders.

113. TO BREAK INTO: The Dakotas broke into the bank and took away a large sum of money.

114. TO BREAK OFF: Pakistan has broken off with Israel since the last two decades.

115. TO BREAK DOWN: If my car had not broken down on the way, I would have reached in time.

116. TO BREAK THE HEART: Don’t break the heart by rejecting the offer.

117. TO BLOW OUT: On the occasion of his birthday, he blow out the candle on cake.

118. TO BLOW UP: Four bombs blew up at different places simultaneously.

119. TO BLOW ONE’S OWN TRUMPET: I always try to avoid such people who keep on blowing their own trumpet.

120. TO BRING IN: Imran Khan has brought in a large amount for setting up the cancer hospital.

121. TO BRING ABOUT: The fight between the two political parties can bring about another martial law.

122. TO BRING ROUND: By presenting a very logical argument, he was able to bring round all the members of committee.

123. TO BRING TO BOOK: All those who kidnap people for ransom money should be brought to book.

124. TO CARRY ON: Let me carry on my work without any disturbance.

125. TO CARRY THROUGH: If we work altogether like a lean, we can easily carry through our mission with any difficulty.

126. TO CALL ON: I shall call on your brother next week.

127. TO CALL AT: I shall call at your office tomorrow.

128. TO CALL FOR: You careless and rude behavior call for an explanation.

129. TO CALL IT A DAY: As we are tired after a hard day but let it call it a day.

130. TO CALL TO MIND: I can call to mind when I saw you last.

131. TO COME OF: Although she comes of a rich family, she is not proud of her wealth.

132. TO COME OFF: The annual meeting of the Board of Directors will come off next month.

133. TO COME BY: It is difficult to understand how did he come by all that money.

134. TO COME ROUND: He comes round after I had presented my views in a logical way.

135. TO COME TO LIGHT: Once the facts come to light, we will know who is responsible for creating such a situation.

136. TO COME TO BLOWS: Very often, student belonging to different groups come to blows on silly matters.

137. TO COME OVER: With faith in God and confidence in your self you can come over all you problems.

138. TO DO WITHOUT: No living creature can do without air.

139. TO DO AWAY WITH: It is the duty of the young people to do away with all the evil customs and traditions of the society.

140 TO DIE OFF: In the under developed countries, a large number of people die off.

141. TO DIE IN HARNESS: Once he had lost all his money at stakes he died in harness.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 89
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

142. TO DEAL WITH: He has the knack of dealing with all kinds of people and situation.

143. TO DEAL IN: As he deals in auto-parts, he has a good knowledge of different kind of car.

144. TO DEAL OUT: He dealt out the card after shuffling the cards.

145. TO FALL SHORT OF: The performance of Indian Cricket team fell short of the expectations of the spectators.

146. TO FALL A PREY TO: The poor and the deprived always fall a prey to cruelty and injustice.

147. TO GIVE AWAY: At the end of the function, the prizes were given way by the chief guest.

148. TO KEEP IN THE DARK: The patient was kept in the dark about the nature of his illness.

149. TO KEEP BODY AND SOUL TOGETHER: With the price spiral, it is becoming difficult for the common man to keep
body and soul together.

150. TO LOOK FORWARD TO: We are looking forward to this visit next month.

151. TO MAKE OFF WITH: The robber make off with a large amount from the super market.

152. TO MAKE FOR: The Birkenhead met with a disaster when it was making for South Africa.

153. TO MAKE BOTH ENDS MEET: With his limited income, it is really very difficult to make both ends meet.

154. TO MAKE UP THE MIND: Once you make your mind then stick to your decision.

155. TO PUT IN A NUT SHELL: At the end of his lecture, he put all his arguments in a nut shell.

156. TO PUT DOWN: The revolt against the king was put down by the royal forces.

157. TO PUT OFF: The debate, which was put off last week, is scheduled for tomorrow.

158. TO STAND BY: I shall stand by you whenever you are in trouble.

159. TO TAKE AFTER: Children very often take after their parents

160. TO TAKE UP: He has decided to take up the profession of teaching.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 90
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

“CHARACTERS”
Mrs. Meldon
Introduction:- Mrs. Meldon is a character from a play named Progress written by St. G. Ervine. The play was sent in
1919, just one year after the First World War Mrs. Meldon was aged about forty-three. She is a sensitive looking
widow. She was suffering deeply from her memories. She is not a fretful, complaining women who had suffered
bereavement and when in the course of play, she speaks of her loss, she does so with grace and beautiful dignity. Her
son was killed in the First World War and her husband died away out of heart failure. So she was the victim of adverse
circumstances. She has a strong sense of tolerance.

Beginning of Her Role:- Mrs. Meldon’s role started from the second scene when she returns from a long journey and
her brother, Professor Henry Corrie, does not receive her at the station. It was the death anniversary of her only son,
Eddie. Beginning of Her Role
Mrs. Meldon’s role started from the second scene when she returns from a long journey and her brother, Professor
Henry Corrie, does not receive her at the station. It was the death anniversary of her only son, Eddie.

Qualities and Character:-The qualities and the character of Mrs. Meldon as presented in play are:

A Digniful Lady:- Mrs. Meldon has a character full of dignity and grace. She is a lady who has faced the emotional
sufferings of life. A woman having a compassionate, patient, gentle, sensitive and graceful appearance is what Mrs.
Meldon looks like. She is dressed in black clothes, partly because she is a widow and mainly because it was the third
death anniversary of her son. He dignity becomes apparent when she opines about war.

A Bereaved Widow and Mother:- Eddie was her only son, killed in First World War. She had brought up her son
with a great care and love. She wanted him to be great in future. Her son enlisted himself in war. She could not decide
to be happy or sorry but chiefly she was happy. The sight of the messenger made her heart sink and she remained
worry about her son. He came on his first and second leaves all safe but he did not come for third visit. He was killed
in a moment by the men, who had never seen him. This was the most shocking news. Her husband could not bear it
and died away out of heart failure. She remained all-alone in this miserable world.
“I some times wonder why I was not granted the mer of death. Why I should be compelled to live alone.”
The words of the play reflect her loneliness:
“ I had a husband and a son, when the war began, I had neither when it was over. I am the most lonely woman –
cruelly alone.”

Her Hatred for War:- She hated wars. She considered them as an organized butchery of the young ones. She though
wars to be the most terrible thing, which was responsible for the destruction of human peace. She wanted ban on wars.
She wanted the scientists to stop making dangerous weapons. This was the war, which made her widow and which
snatches away her beautiful young son. She said:
“Yes, people with broad views, because you are fools. Some one like me, not clever, create beautiful things like my
son, and you, will all your cleverness can only destroy it.”

A Brave Woman:- Mrs. Meldon was a brave woman. In spite of losing all what she had, she bore the tragedy
patiently. She always suffered from old memories, but never showed her bereavement. She behaved as a calm and
uncomplaining person.

A Friend of Humanity:-On knowing that her brother has invented a dreadful bomb, she becomes deeply grief. She
opposed her brother and called him The Most Stupid Man on Earth. She cared for all the mothers as she had seen the
fury of life. She wanted that other boys like Eddie must not fell prey to horrors of devastating wars. Mrs. Meldon, as a
symbol of peace for all, did not rejoice at the wicked achievement of her brother. She perfectly reflected her friendship
towards humanity.
“Love and Peace can make the world a Heaven.”

War Antagonist:- Mrs. Meldon was a true well wisher of human beings. She was totally against war because she
thought that war was an organized butchery of young people. She said that:
"War is an organized butchery of Boys."

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 91
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

The lady wanted complete abolition of war. She dreamed that peace, love, care and harmony should prevail in the
world and the earth should depict the shades of Heaven.

A Passionate Woman:- Mrs. Meldon was an enthusiastic person. She becomes extremely emotional when her brother
denies destroying his invention. When Professor tell his motives to her, her limit of patience and endurance gets
crossed.
“It will bring me fame and fortune. I shall be rich now, but more than that I shall be famous.”
She grew extremely emotional and impulsive and in the interest of humanity. She takes the matter into her own hands.
To save the human race from the deadly invention, she picks a knife and stabbed her cruel brother to death.
“To kill someone is also humanity, but only for the sake of a nation.”

Comments on Mrs. Meldon’s Act :- Legally, Mrs. Meldon committed a crime by killing Professor Corrie. She did
not have the right to commit such an act of madness. But on the other hand, her act seems to be justified for the sake
of humanity. Sometimes a drastic and violent action becomes essential to crush wicked elements. In dismay, she said:
“Eddie, dear! I had to Eddie!
She exalts herself in our eyes and we begin to adore her as a protector of humanity.

Conclusion:- She was really shocked to know that her brother has invented a bomb, which will destroy the whole
nation within twinkling of any eye. She requested him that for the sake of young sons and for the sake of peace, he
must destroy his invention. Her brother did not realize the intensity of her emotions and refused to destroy it for the
sake of mere sentiments. So she killed him. In the end she saw the wreath of son ruined and out of sudden passion, she
killed him and wins the sympathies of the readers.

PROF. HENRY CORRIE

Introduction:- The author titles the play, The Progress ironically. He laughs at the attitude of war-mongers and the
scientists who believe that they are contributing to the progress of science by inventing deadly weapons.
In Professor Corrie, the playwright has created a self-centered scientist aged between fifty and sixty who is a
confirmed bachelor. His sole interest in life is his scientific experiments. He captivates our attention from the
beginning till the end of the play. His wolfish snarls and physical features, speak a lot about his inhuman behaviour.

A Wicked Person:- He felt pleasure in destruction. He wanted to make the wars horrible. He invented a dangerous
bomb full of corrosive gas, which could obliterate whole cities within no time. He wished to make the war so horrible
that no nation will engage in one unless absolutely driven to it. He said:
“With a single bomb, we could wipe out the population of a city as a big as Manchestar.”

As A Reputed Scientist:- There is no doubt that Professor Corrie is a great scientist, who is extremely dedicated and
devoted in his scientific experiments. When the curtain goes up, we find Professor Corrie engrossed in his experiment.
His experiment is a success and he has succeeded in inventing a lethal and devastating bomb, which is so powerful
that according to him:
“I’ve discovered a combination of explosives and gases that will obliterate thousands at once! Thousands.”
The above quoted words show the deep faith Corrie has in the destructive quality of the bomb and his cruel nature and
inhuman behaviour.

As A Self-Willed Person:- Professor Corrie is an extremely selfish and self-willed person. He is out and out a
materialist. He has discovered the formula of the bomb to earn fame and fortune. He is delighted at the thought that his
invention would make him famous and well-known all over the world. He did not care about the feeling of his sister
wanted her rejoices his invention. He wished her to forget her tragedy and suggested taking a broad point of view. She
must imagine herself a statesman. He said:
“Oh, a mother’s feelings, of course, but look at the matter from a broad point of view. Put you own feelings aside.”

As An Unpatriotic Person:- Professor Corrie is crazy and unpatriotic. He wants to sell the formula of the bomb, to
any government, which would pay him the highest price. As he says:
“I shall offer it first to the British Government, of course, but if they won’t pay my price, I shall offer it to somebody
else.”
The above lines speak of his unpatriotism and greed for money.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 92
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

As A Cruel And Heartless Person:- Professor Corrie possesses a very cruel disposition. His eyes reflect the coldness
and seriousness of his character. He is a devil in human form. To him human beings are of no consequence. Even his
sister, Mrs. Meldon’s grief has no effect on him. Although he is aware that his sister is emotionally shattered by the
death of her son, Eddie, yet he does not comfort or console her, at her tragic loss.

As An Enemy of Women:- Professor Corrie is cynical about women and has a poor opinion of them. He thinks that
women lack in concentration and have a fussy and talkative nature. That is why they are not very often crowned with
success. According to him:
“Your sex is most extraordinary, Charlotte. Always willing to break off things, for other things. No application, no
concentration, no capability for complete impersonal devotion.”

Corrie’s Desire For Immortality:- Corrie was mad for immortality. That is why he invented the bomb. He hopes:
“This will bring fame and fortune to me. I shall be rich and now but more than that I shall be famous. My name will
live forever.”

Corrie’s Tragic End:- Mrs. Meldon is absolutely horrified, when she learns of his terrible invention. She repeatedly
requested him to destroy the formula of the bomb. She says:
“Henry, I beg you to destroy your invention.”
Professor Corrie pays no attention to her, so Mrs. Meldon, in a state of frenzy, drove a sharp knife in his back. Corrie
falls on his face, dead cold. Thus the curtain draws on the play, with his tragic end.

MONTIE CRISTO
Introduction:- The Count of Monte Cristo is the hero of the play, The Count’s Revenge. He is the charming,
swashbuckling and ever obliging nobleman, splendidly dressed. The handsome hero, gay, cynical, not very young,
with the touch of the devil about him.

As A Young Sailor:- As a young man, Monte Cristo was known as Edmond Dantes, a mere sailor of Marseilles, a
port in South of France. He loved a beautiful Catalan girl, Mercedes, to whom he was engaged. He was to marry her,
on his return from a voyage, which he was to undertake in due course of time.

A Victim Of Conspiracy:- But the marriage never took place, as a young fisherman, Fernand Mondego, a friend of
Edmond and a snake under grass has other plans. Fernand Mondego secretely loved Mercedes and wished to marry
her. So the crafty Fernand, hatched the most devilish of plots against his own friend (Edmond) whereby he got him
condemned as a spy of exiled Buonopart, by giving false evidence in the court.

Convicted As A Spy:- Poor Edmond, a victim of hatred and jealousy, is convicted as a spy and condemned to life
imprisonment in an underground dungeon. The evil Fernand then convinced Mercedes, through false news in the press
that Edmond Dantes had died in prison. Then he gradually gained her confidence by sympathizing with her. In this
way, Fernand succeeded in marrying Mercedes.

Escapes From Prison:- The unfortunate Edmond Dantes, remained in Prison for 14 long years. He is an innocent
victim of blind justice. Then luck favoured him. Six years before the events of our play, Edmond contrived to escape
from prison. After escaping from prison, he re-establishes himself in life with wonderful speed and success. In six
years, he acquires wealth, a little and a dazzling place in the French Society and settles down in Paris.

As Count Of Monte Cristo:- As Count of Monte Cristo, he is greatly respected and admired. But his main aim in life
is to take revenge from Fernand Mondego, his deadly enemy, now living in Paris as the Count of Morcerf. Monte
Cristo discovers after searching investigations, that his old enemy the Count of Morcerf committed yet another gross
act of villainy during his service in the French Army. That he accepted bribes from the Turks, with whom France was
at war and surrendered the Fortress of Yanina to them, in 1823.

Count’s Revenge:- By keeping in the background, Monte Cristo condemns Count of Morcerf as a traitor to his
country. He thus succeeds in taking sweet revenge from his archenemy. He first publishes articles in the newspapers
and later in the Chamber of Deputies, he backs his charges by giving convincing proofs. It is at this point, in the play,
that Morcerf is, at least exposed as the Villain that he is.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 93
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

Monte Cristo’s Challenge:- Albert, the son of the Count of Morcerf is much offended on learning that his own friend
is the cause of his family disgrace and disrepute. In a fit of rage, he challenges Monte Cristo to a duel, which was to be
fought at Bois-de-Vincennes at 8 a.m.

Duel Averted :- Owing to the intervention of the Countess, his beloved of yester-years, Monte Cristo consents to
spare her son’s life. Monte Cristo gives his word that Albert would come to no harm and that he would die, in his
place. However, it is the villain who dies and Monte Cristo is thus avenged.

Conclusion:- There is no denying that Monte Cristo is the pivot around whom the whole play revolves. He is indeed a
man of integrity and honour. He has a charming personality. He is kind and noble who is rewarded in the end for his
virtuosity.

THE COUNT OF MORCERF

Introduction:- The Count of Morcerf is presented as the villain of the play, The Count’s Revenge. Prior to becoming
a Count, he was a fisherman. He was then known as Fernand Mondego. At that point of time, he lived in Marseilles.
He had a friend, Edmond Dantes, who was a sailor. Fernand was quite friendly with him. Edmond was engaged to a
beautiful Catalan girl, Mercedes. This fact was known to Fernand. But being an evil natured man, he secretly yearned
to marry Mercedes. Therefore, to make his dream come true, he hatched a plot – the most diabolic, which any man
could have hatched, against any man.

A Rogue And A Rascal:- He is out and out a rogue and a rascal. In order to win the hand of Mercedes, he framed a
false charge against his friend, Edmond in the court. He proved that Edmond was the spy of the exiled Napoleon
Bonapart. He provided false evidences against Edmond and thus got him imprisoned for 20 years. In this way, he very
cleverly removed the innocent Edmond, out of the way.

A Mean And Degraded Man:- Once Edmond Dantes had been taken care of Fernand had little difficulty in trapping
Mercedes into his trap. He first convinced Mercedes, of the death of Edmond by publishing the false news of his death
in the newspapers. Then appearing as a friend and a sympathizer her first consoled her. And after wining her
confidence, he then proposed to marry her. Being heart-broke and lonely, she accepted his offer. Thus, the evil
monster, succeeded in his devilish plan.

A Traitor To His Country:- Having accomplished all his plans successfully, he decided to settle down in Paris. So,
he said good bye to Marseilles. While in Paris, he joined the Army, and after sometime, became a captain in 1822. The
French were at war against the Turks. Fernand as Captain was defending the Fortress of Yanina. Being a coward and a
mean person, he surrendered the fortress to the Turks on receiving a huge bribe. He however made it appear as though
he got defeated. Having acquired tons of wealth, Fernand took his discharge from the Army. He then took the title of
the Count and settled in Paris.

As A Liar And A Wicked Person:- Having amassed a huge fortune, the count started living like a lord when he is
proved as a traitor in the chamber of Deputies, he still kept denying his charges. Even in the face of sound evidence,
he kept denying his guilt. He is a liar and a rogue.

A Violent Death:- After he is proved a traitor, he is still not remorseful. When he is face to face with Edmond, he
pulls out his pistol to shoot him. But Albert, Beauchamp pounce on him, to snatch the pistol from him. In the struggle
the pistol goes off and the Count of Morcerf, shoots himself. Thus Monte Cristo is avenged.

THE COUNTESS OF MORCERF

Introduction:- The Countess of Morcerf is a beautiful lady, with a bewitching personality. She is lie a breath of fresh
air, in the play The Count’s Revenge. Twenty years ago, she lived in Marseilles and was bethroted to Edmond Dantes.
She was then known as Mercedes, an extremely charming lady. She is adored and admired by all. She enchanted every
one, who came into contact with her. So ravishingly beautiful was she.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 94
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

A Victim Of A Conspiracy:- It is her beauty, which resulted in her undoing, so to speak. While it was known to all
and sundry, that she was to be married to Edmond Dantes A fisherman, named Fernand Mondego, also desired to
marry her. Fernand Mondego, though a friend of Edmond Dantes, hatched a most diabolic plot, whereby he got
Edmond condemned as a traitor and a spy to the exiled Buonaparte. Thus he eliminated Edmond from the scene and
tricked Mercedes into marrying her.

Tricked Into Marrying Fernand Mondego:- The cunning Fernand Mondego convinced Mercedes by giving her
false evidence that Edmond Dantes had died in Prison. Then he gradually gains her confidence by sympathy with her.
In this way, Fernand Mondego succeeds in marrying he. Although fate ill treats Mercedes, it goes to her credit that she
remains loyal wife to her villainous husband, Fernand Mondego.

As A Loving Mother:- She dearly loved her son, Albert. When she learns that Albert has challenged Monte Cristo, to
a duel, she is deeply concerned, for the safety of her son. She does what any mother would have done, under the
circumstances. She visits Monte Cristo, under the cover of darkness and begs of him, to spare the life of her only son.
Monte Cristo yields to her request and promises not to kill Albert.

Mercedes Confides To Her Son:- Then Mercedes, now known as the Countess of Morcerf, confides into her son,
Albert and tells him how she had begged of Monte Cristo, to spare his life. She then requests him not to fight the duel.
She then discloses to Albert the villainy of his father, the Count of Morcerf. How he got Monte Cristo labelled as a
spy and got him imprisoned for twenty years, although he was absolutely innocent. How Morcerf cheated her into
marrying him and how he ill treated and tortured her.

Duel Averted:- Albert after learning about the misdeed of his father resolves not to fight the duel. Not only this he
apologizes to Monte Cristo and becomes his friend. Thus, the Countess plays a very important role in averting the duel
and saving Albert’s life.

A Woman of Great Qualities:- The Countess is a woman of great qualities. She is kind and affectionate. She is
devoted mother and loves her son dearly. As a wife too, she is faithful to the evil Morcerf, till she learns from Monte
Cristo that she got cheated by Morcerf, into marrying him. The only blot on her otherwise chaste and pure character, is
her desertion of her husband, towards the end of the play.

ALBERT
Introduction:- Albert is a young French nobleman. He is the son of the Count and the Countess of Morcerf. A man of
great character, to whom honour and self-respect are of great value. He possesses a very pleasing personality and is
very enthusiastic about life.

Simple And Noble:- Albert is very simple by nature. He is unable to discern Monte Cristo’s intentions in becoming
so thick with him. He has all the noble qualities, which a nobleman values. To him, his honour and his family’s good
name are more dear to him, than life itself.

Sentimental Young Man:- Albert is a very sentimental young man. When the Chamber of Deputies condemns his
father, the Count of Morcerf as a traitor, he is very upset. He narrates to his mother, the Countess, the circumstances in
which his father is disgraced. He felt so ashamed that he wanted to give up his name and to leave the country. He is so
upset that he makes up his mind to take revenge of his father’s enemy.

A Man Of Honour:- Albert is a man of honour. When he discovers that his own dear friend, Monte Cristo, is his
father’s enemy, he challenges him, to a duel, for the sake of his family honour.

Wise And Bold:- Although Albert is a very emotional young man yet he is wise and sensible t heed his mother’s
counsel, to desist from fighting the duel. When his own mother convinces him of his father’s guilt he not only decides
not to fight the duel, but also apologizes to him, for challenging him to a duel. He is bold and does not feel ashamed,
in asking Monte Cristo’s forgiveness. He is brave and forth right and tells his father, about his guilt and that he should
face his enemy.

Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 95
Newton’s Inn Coaching Centre (English Notes For Class XI) Karachi Board

A Dutiful Son:- Albert is a dutiful and an affectionate son. He loves his mother and is very respectful to her. But his
only blemish is that, he shows disrespect to his father, when he learns that his father is the villain of the piece. He
refuses to embrace his father and accept his blessings. This is in very bad taste. As a sensible and dutiful son, he
should have stood by his father. Apart from this, Albert impresses the readers with his strong sense of justice and
honour and love for his country.

BEAUCHAMP
Introduction:- Beauchamp is a very good friend of Albert’s. It is he who discovers the man, who brought disgraces
on Albert’s father, the Count of Morcerf. He being an editor of a daily newspaper in Paris, is able to discover Albert’s
father’s enemy. In fact the news of Morcerf’s disgrace is published in his newspaper.

As A Sincere Man:- Beauchamp’s greatest quality is his sincerity to his friend. Albert greatly depended on him. That
is why, he asks Beauchamp to discover the anonymous writer’s name. We learn later in the play that Beauchamp
succeeds in discovering the name of the man who brings disgrace to Morcerf.

A Sensible Man:- He is a very sensible man. Finding his friend, Albert, very disturbed on account of his father’s
disgrace he does not disclose his father’s enemy’s name (Monte Cristo), at once. He mentally prepares Albert by
telling him that the name would surprise him, that he would not believe that it could be his friend, Count of Monte
Cristo.

A Cool Headed Man:- Beauchamp is a cool headed man. He does not flare up or lose his head like Albert who loses
his cool, when he learns that, it is his own dear friend, Monte Cristo, who is the cause of his family’s disgrace and
dishonour. So in a fit of rage, he challenges him to fight a duel. He thought that this was the only way, he could wash
away the blot on his honour.

As A Second Albert:- Albert points Beauchamp as his second, in the duel to be fought. Albert has so much faith and
reliance on him, that he made Beauchamp to make all the necessary arrangements for the duel. Tries To Dissuade
Albert Beauchamp tries to dissuade Albert from fighting the duel. In his surprise, he says:
“MY DEAR ALBERT, YOU DO NOT MEAN TO CARRY MATTERS SO FAR.”
He stands by Albert, to the very last When the duel is averted, it is he, who breaks the news of his safety, to the
Countess and Count of Morcerf. He is a real devoted friend – one on whom a fried could relay and depend.

When Allah Is With You. None Can

Beat You!
Address: - 1/3 IIC Nazimabad No 02 near Sindh Sports Complex, KHI. Contact: 36680414 Page 96