CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED SUPERSPECIALITY
HOSPITAL AT KADAPA
1. SCOPE OF WORK : -
Plumbing & Sanitation:
Design of water supply system.
Design of sewer networks.
Design of internal water supply and sanitary piping
systems.
Designing of sewerage treatment plant / Septic Tank
2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
The number of occupants per flat is considered as follows:
Teaching Hospital under Two Divisions
IPD up to 100 beds per Bed 340 liters (Table no-1)
Above 100 Beds per Bed 450 liters (Table no-1)
In new NBC 2016 volume -2 OPD per Person 15.00 Liters per day
(NBC -2016 Volume -2) Table no-1
As per NBC -2016 Part -9 Clause no 4.1.1
Clause no 4.1.5.2 NBC -2016 Volume -2 The water demand for
landscaping purposes is generally taken as 6 to 8 litre/sqm/day for
lawns . For shrubs and tress the above value reduced considerably.
3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
WATER REQUIREMENT:-
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The Super specialty Teaching hospital campus are proposed to be
supplied water with Site bore holes for. Emergency , The domestic
and drinking water are supplied by MWC / RWS ( Kadapa Municipal
Corporation ) schemes .The bore water collect and take
labourateriey reports before pumping to the underground sumps .
Initially we have been proposed for Domestic & Drinking water
depending on Municipal Department. In this campus we have
proposed one sump with Positive suction, The bore water is pumping
to underground sump, The Municipal water pipe line is connecting to
UG sumps. The Municipal water residual head is assumed 12.00 m
accordingly we have designed sumps depths. In this campus the
water supply system is designed dead -end system .The dead end
system with pumping main. The Super Specialty Hospital,
buildings catered Fire, domestic sump with positive suction.
In this campus we have proposed Toilet flushing for use only STP
treated water (based on Environmental and Pollution board guide
lines) The STP treated excess water will be pumping into gardening,
balance water will pumping in to outside drain .
WATER SOURCE:-
Domestic water:
Water supplied by the local municipal corporation/ RWS is the only
source of water for the site
For potable usage, The Emergency time back up by using bore
points. The design of tapping water from the municipal corporation
water mains is based on the following assumptions:
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Duration of water supply in the mains = 10 hours per day. (Maximum)
Residual head in the pipe line = 12m. (Assumption)
The major assumption is that the water will be supplied to the campus
through the distribution mains laid by the municipal corporation, KMC
Water supply which will feed the other developments in the area
along with the project. The supply pressure is considered as
12m in the pipe line which will overcome entire Project. The sump top
slab level is designed +600 mm above Ground level/adjacent road
level. the differences in the site ground levels. Hence it is proposed to
receive the water in a Sump.Storage sumps are designed for 11/2
day requirement of the
Terrace water tanks
Terrace water tanks we have designed one day requirement for
Hospital, 1/2 day requirement for Medical college , LT Halls , Hostels,
Quarters and Service blocks . Each block Separate terrace water
tanks we have proposed. The static head of water tank is minimum
2.00 m from terrace level.
4. WATER STORAGE:
Domestic water and Drinking water:
Water received from the municipal corporation /Site bores/ is
proposed to be collect in a Sump of 350Cu.m .This is equivalent to 1
day water requirement of the project the water stored in the sumps.
Piping materials:
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It is proposed to use HDPE PE-100 Grade pipe 8.00 kg/cm2 and
fittings for drawing water from the local municipal water mains to the
water storage sump ,From Sumps to other buildings by using HDPE
(PE -100 grade 8 kg/cm2) pipe, UPVC SCH -40 Grade pipe line
and fittings with cement mortar lining. The network pipe line is
designed
for the dead end system distribution of both domestic and drinking
water. Scour valves are provided at the end point of each distribution
line. The distribution line is designed for filling individual Terrace
tanks. At Ball cocks with standing pressure up to 6.00 kg/cm2/
/Electrical motorized valves are designed for each terrace level water
tank.
5. INTERNAL SANITARY PIPING SYSTEM:
Source : From Toilets & Kitchens
Collection : Through the network of pipe line and to the I C's& MH.
Sewage disposal : Sewage Treatment.
The internal sanitary piping is designed for efficient drainage, each
toilet is provided with a water closet and a floor drain to drain off the
spent water. The wash basins are proposed with a flexible waste pipe
in smaller units and a bottle trap in bigger units. The waste pipe
concealed in the wall connects to the floor trap’s side inlet. The floor
trap is a 100mm deep seal trap which will provide a good water seal
and all the internal horizontal pipes are proposed with a 1:100 slope
with all joints made using solvent cement to ensure there are no
leaks.
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The soil and waste pipes separate from the toilets connect to a two
stack, the system known as two pipe system. The sanitary stack
system is designed based on the drainage fixture units as per NBC
2016. The vertical sanitary pipes are proposed to be of different
pressure grades based on the height of the building as given below. .
In this campus we have designed Siphons system for Hospital,
Medical college building. The common toilets for Hospital , Medical
college we have designed ASP ( Anti syphonage Pipe ) .
6. External sewage :
The sanitary piping from the building’s plumbing shafts is terminated
either directly or be headers into the external sewer network. The
external sewer network is designed as a gravity sewer main to
convey the sewage from the various buildings to the STP. The design
of the sewer is based on the guidelines of the CPHEEO manual on
sewerage and treatment.
The assumptions in the design of the sewers are;
The peak flow being equal to three times the dry weather flow.
Considering the site comprising of different types of buildings
with possibility of expansion or abnormal increase in population
possible, the sewers are designed to flow ½ to 2/3 rd full to
maximize the carrying capacity and optimize investment.
The sewer is designed to carry sewage at the same time generate
self cleansing velocity. The initial depth of sewer is maintained as
0.60m below the ground level to provide a minimum earth cushion of
300mm above the crown of the pipe so as to eliminate the
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requirement of encasing sewer pipes. The bedding conditions of the
sewer are assumed to be with the hard murrum. If disintegrated /
hard rock is encountered a bedding with murrum shall be provided for
sewers. The starting manholes are connecting to flush tanks to
maintain self cleansing capacity.The sewer network is proposed with
manholes at junctions, intersections, and change in direction, change
in pipe size and change in levels. A drop arrangement with PVC
pipes is proposed when the invert level difference exceeds 600mm.
The construction of the manhole is proposed as per IS: 4111 with the
channel extending 50mm above the crown of the biggest pipe. The
level of the sewer is computed to allow a provision of 20mm slope in
the channel from the inlet to the outlet and also to allow for the
crowns of the pipes to be matched at the junction of different pipe
sizes in a manhole.
900mm to 1650mm depth – 900mm dia.
1650mm to 2300mm depth – 1200mm dia.
2300mm to 4000mm depth – 1500mm dia.
The manholes shall be circular at bottom and the top 0.75 to 1.2m
shall be conical with the wall thickness varying with the depth of the
manhole.
Design Period
The proposals have been prepared conforming to the guide lines is-
sued by GOI and GOT including CPHEEO manual on Sewerage nd
treatment.
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Peak Factor
Peak factor, i.e. the ratio of maximum to average hourly flow depends
on the water use habit of the population of the project area and the
contributing population. The quantity of water used in a day varies
during the hours of the day due to habits of people.
Though the sewerage system will receive flow throughout the day,
there will be some duration in which maximum sewage will be
generated. Peak factors for domestic flow as per guidelines given in
the CPHEEO Manual are furnished below:
Contributing Population Peak Factor
Up to 20,000 3.00
From 20,000 to 50,000 2.50
50,000 – 750,000 2.25
Above 750,000 2.0
The peak factor for the design has been taken based on the
contributory population.
Hydraulic Design Gravity Flow
For open channel flow, Manning’s formula is used for designing slope
and diameter of the sewer line to carry the design flow at stated
velocity, which is expressed as:
Manning’s formula:
V = 1/n x R2/3 x S1/2
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For circular conduits, the above equation is represented by,
V = 1/n x 3.968 x 10-3 x D2/3 x S1/2
And
Q = 3.118 x 10-6 x D8/3 x 1/n x S1/2
Where,
Q = Discharge in lps
S = Slope of hydraulic gradient
D = Internal diameter of the pipe in mm
R = Hydraulic radius in m
V = Velocity in m/s
n = Manning’s coefficient of roughness
The value of Manning’s co-efficient (’n’ value) for PVC / HDPE pipe is
0.011, for DI pipe (cement mortar lined) is 0.012 and that for RCC
pipe is 0.015 (for rubber gasket jointed pipes).Give correct ‘n’
values for the three materials.
Pressure Flow
Hazen-Williams Formula is used for closed conduits and pressure
flow (e.g. pumping main).
The hydraulic designs have been done as per the Central Public
Health and Environmental Engineering Organization guidelines on
Hydraulic analysis has been carried out with an aim of achieving
adequate capacity for the peak flow to be achieved at the end of
design period with due consideration being given to slopes so as to
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avoid deeper excavations. A demonstrative example of analysis has
been given below.
Considering hydraulic properties of Circular sections
Ratios of Va/Vfull and d/D for the corresponding value of Qa/Qfullare [from Table
3.6, P 52, CPHEEO Manual]
Qa/Qfull VA/Vfull d/D
0.713 0.95 0.70
Actual Velocity of flow, Va =
Material Specification:
The sewer is made of Stone Ware Pipes / NP-3 Hume Pipes /
UPVC Pipes / Stone ware pipes of all diameters except stone ware
pipes. The stone ware pipes available diameters up to 300 mm
diameters. The Disadvantages of stone ware pipes more joints are
required. The manhole shall be built in brick masonry with SFRC
heavy duty circular frame and cover of 550mm dia.
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Drop Manholes
Drop arrangements are normally provided where the difference in
inverts of an incoming sewer and receiving manhole exceeds 0.6 m.
The crowns of the sewers are always kept continuous and suitable
drop at the manhole is provided. The drop arrangement consists of a
pipe that guides the incoming sewage to the level of main sewer in
the manhole. The diameter of the backdrop pipe should be at least
same as the incoming pipe diameter. Drop arrangements provided in
manhole have the following functions:
To convey incoming sewage to the bottom of the manhole without
splashing,
To avoid the scouring action of sewage falling from a height on the
cement concrete floor of manhole,
Safety of the personnel who enter the manhole
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