# jpnmelakajenamakerajaanno1

PROJEK KM2
@ KEMENJADIAN MURID MELAKA

MODUL DLP
FASA 2

BIOLOGI
TINGKATAN5
NAMA MURID : ......................................................

NAMA KELAS : ......................................................

NAMA GURU : ......................................................

“PENDIDIKAN BERKUALITI, INSAN TERDIDIK, NEGARA SEJAHTERA”

 # jpnmelakajenamakerajaanno1

SENARAI NAMA AHLI PANEL PEMBINA MODUL KSSM @ KM2

MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI KSSM TINGKATAN 5

NAMA GURU PANEL NAMA SEKOLAH

NORHAFIZAH BINTI HAMZAH (Guru Sumber) SMKA SULTAN MUHAMMAD

AIDAH BINTI ABDUL KARIM (Guru Sumber) SMK INFANT JESUS CONVENT

HARIYATI BINTI PUTEH SMK DATO' HJ TALIB KARIM

SITI MARIAM BINTI HANIS SMK NANING

SALBIAH BINTI MOHAMAD SAIR SMK GHAFAR BABA

AHMAD ZULHILMI BIN WAGIMAN SBPI SELANDAR

ROZANAH BINTI MUKRIE SMK BUKIT BARU

NORFAIZAH BINTI OTHMAN SMK SERI PENGKALAN

NORHASRINA BINTI HASHIM SMK TUN TIJAH

NORLIZA BTE MOHD ESA SMJK PULAU SEBANG

SUMAIYAH BINTI MOHD SAUFIAN SMK SERI PENGKALAN

ANAWATI BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN SMK TEBONG

NORAINI BINTI ABDUL HADI SMK RAHMAT

EDISI PERTAMA 2021

CETAKAN JABATAN PENDIDIKAN MELAKA

“PENDIDIKAN BERKUALITI, INSAN TERDIDIK, NEGARA SEJAHTERA”

 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

CHAPTER 3: NUTRITION IN PLANTS

3.1 Main Inorganic Nutrients

• Nutrients can be divided according to quantities required by plants, which are
macronutrients and micronutrients.
•Carbon (C) • Calcium (Ca) • Hydrogen (H) • Magnesium (Mg) •
Macronutrients Oxygen (O) • Phosphorus (P) • Nitrogen (N) • Sulphur (S) • Potassium
(K)
• Chlorine (Cl) • Zinc (Zn) • Iron (Fe) • Copper (Cu) • Manganese
Micronutrients
(Mn) • Nickel (Ni) • Boron (B) • Molybdenum (Mo)

• The functions and effects of macronutrient deficiency:

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• The functions and effects of micronutrients deficiency:

• A complete culture solution was prepared by a chemist named Wilhelm

Knop in 1859. The culture solution known as Knop’s solution, contains
all nutrients including trace elements needed by healthy plants.
• The composition of a complete Knop’s culture solution

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3.2 Organ for Water and Mineral Salts Uptake

• Root is the most important organ for plants.
• There are two main functions of roots:
a) Provide support and strength to anchor the plant in the soil
b) Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil and transport them to the stem and leaves
• Root structure:
Outer structures of roots Root collar, Primary root, Lateral root, Root hair and Root cap.
Internal structures of roots Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis and Vascular cylinder.

3.3 Diversity in Plant Nutrition

Parasitic plants • Parasitic plants live by growing on other plants which are the
hosts.
Example: Rafflesia sp. • The roots of this plant absorb organic substances, minerals and
water from the host.
• This causes host is malnourished, dried and will eventually die.
Epiphytic plants • Hidup pada tumbuhan lain, iaitu perumah.
• Tumbuhan ini mensintesis makanannya sendiri dengan
Example: Bird’s nest menjalankan fotosintesis.
fern and Orchids. • Tidak mengancam perumah kerana akar epifit dapat menyerap
nutrien yang terkumpul di celah-celah batang pokok perumah.
Carnivorous plants • Carnivorous plants are able to synthesise their own food by
carrying out photosynthesis.
Example: Pitcher plant • Carnivorous plants secrete nectar and they have cups to trap
and Venus fly trap. their prey, typically insects.
• Carnivorous plants live in soil which lacks nitrogen sources.
• The prey is then slowly digested by digestive enzymes.
• The trapped animals can supply nitrogen to the plants.

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BAB 3: Nutrisi dalam Tumbuhan

Chapter 3: Nutrition in Plants

Soalan Objektif.
1. Antara nutrient-nutrien berikut, yang manakah diambil oleh tumbuhan dari tanah
untuk mensintesis auksin?

Which of the following nutrients is taken by the plants from the soil to synthesise
auxin?

A. Zink B. Mangan
Zink Mangan
C. Nikel D. Kalium
Nickel Potassium

2. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan fungsi magnesium?

Which of the following is not a function of magnesium?

A. Sebagai kofaktor bagi beberapa enzim.

As a cofactor for several enzymes.

B. Terlibat dalam metabolisme karbohidrat.

Involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

C. Mengaktifkan beberapa enzim tumbuhan.

Activates some plant enzymes.

D. Merupakan komponen utama struktur molekul klorofil.

Is a major component of the molecular structure of chlorophyll.

3. Antara simptom-simptom berikut, yang manakah menujukkan kesan kekurangan

fosforus dalam tumbuhan ?

Which of the following symptoms of deficiency is due to the lack of phosphorus in

plants?

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I Sintesis protein terjejas

Protein synthesis is affected

II Bintik merah atau ungu kelihatan pada daun tua

Red or purple spots appear on old leaves

III Pembentukan daun yang berwarna hijau tua dan pudar

Formation of dark green and faded leaves

IV Bahagian di antara urat daun matang menjadi kuning

The part between the veins of the mature leaves turns yellow

A. II dan III sahaja B. II dan IV sahaja

II and III only II and IV only

C. I dan III sahaja D. III dan IV sahaja

I and III only III and IV only

4. Sekiranya tumbuhan mengalami keadaan daun menjadi tebal, bergulung dan rapuh,

apakah jenis mikronutrien yang mungkin kekurangan?

If the plant of the leaves becaming thick, curled and brittle , what types of micronutriens

might be deficient?

A. Kalsium B. Kuprum
Calsium Copper

C. Boron D. Molibdenum

Boron Molybdenum

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5. .
Sel-sel disusun longgar untuk memudahkan pertukaran gas berlaku.
.
The cells are arranged loosely to facilitate gas exchange

Pernyataan di atas adalah fungsi struktur di dalam akar. Apakah struktur tersebut?

The above statement is a function of the structure in the root. What is this structure?

A. Rambut akar B. Korteks

Root hair Cortex
C. Epidermis D. Silinder vaskular

Epidermis Vascular cylinder

6. Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur di dalam akar. Apakah fungsi struktur berlabel X?

Figure 1 shows the structure inside the root. What is the function of a structure
labelled X?

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1

A. Melindungi akar daripada kerosakan.

Protects roots from damage.

B. Memudahkan pertukaran gas berlaku.

Facilitate gas exchange.

C. Mengangkut air dan garam mineral ke bahagian tumbuhan lain.

Transport water and mineral salts to other parts of the plants.

D. Mengangkut bahan organik seperti sukrosa dan hormon tumbuhan.

Transport organic matter such as sucrose and plant hormones.

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7. Akar dan daun merupakan medium pengangkutan nutrien ke dalam tumbuhan.

Manakah struktur di bawah bukan merupakan struktur dalam akar?

Roots and leaves are the medium of transport of nutrients into plants. Which of the
following is not the internal structures of the root?

A. Rambut akar B. Korteks

Root hair Cortex
C. Epidermis D. Silinder vaskular
Epidermis Vascular cylinder

8. Rajah 2 menunjukkan tumbuhan epifit. Apakah yang menyebabkan tumbuhan ini

bersifat epifit?

Figure 2 shows epiphytic plants. What causes this plant to be epiphytic?

Rajah 2/ Diagram 2

A. Tumbuhan ini memerangkap mangsanya.

This plant traps its prey.

B. Tumbuhan ini mensintesis makanannya sendiri.

This plant synthesizes its own food.

C. Tumbuhan ini menumpang pada tumbuhan lain, iaitu perumah.

This plant lives on other plants, namely the host.

D. Tumbuhan ini hidup di kawasan tanah yang kurang nitrogen dan memperolehi
nitrogen daripada mangsa.

These plants live in areas that are low in nitrogen and acquire nitrogen from the

prey.

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9. Tumbuhan ini menyebabkan perumah akan mengalami kekurangan nutrisi,

mengering dan akhirnya mati. Apakah tumbuhan ini?

This plant causes the host to suffer from malnutrition, dry up and eventually die. What is
this plant?

A. Tumbuhan epifit B. Tumbuhan saprofit

Epiphytic plants Saprophytic plants
C. Tumbuhan parasit D. Tumbuhan karnivor

Parasitic plants Carnivorous plants

10. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sejenis tumbuhan. Bagaimanakah tumbuhan ini mendapatkan

nutriennya?

Figure 3 shows a type of plant. How do these plants get their nutrients?

Rajah 3/ Diagram 3

A. Tumbuhan ini memerangkap serangga untuk bekalan nitrogen.

This plant traps insects for nitrogen supply.

B. Tumbuhan ini menumpang pada tumbuhan lain, iaitu perumah.

This plant lives on other plants, namely the host.

C. Akar tumbuhan menyerap bahan organik, mineral dan air daripada perumahnya.
The roots of the plant absorb organic matter, minerals and water from its host.

D. Akar tumbuhan dapat menyerap nutrient yang terkumpul di celah-celah batang

pokok perumah.

The roots of the plant can absorb the nutrients that accumulate between the stems

f the host tree.

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Soalan Struktur.

1. P,Q dan R dalam Rajah menunjukkan tiga jenis interaksi antara organisma

P,Q,R in figure show three types of interactions between organisms

Leguminous plant
Tumbuhan legum

Nodule
Nodul Organism X
Organisma X

(a) (i) Namakan jenis interaksi yang diwakili oleh P dan Q

Name the type of interaction represented by P and Q

P :___________________________________________________________________

Q : __________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/ 2 marks)

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(ii) Huraikan interaksi yang diwakili oleh P

Describe the interaction represented by P

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(i) Dalam interaksi yang diwakili oleh Q dan R, apakah istilah yang digunakan untuk
menghuraikan organisma X dan organisma Y?
In the interactions represented by Q and R, what terms are used to organisms X and Y?

Organisma X : ____________________________________________________
Organism X
Organisma Y : ____________________________________________________
Organism Y

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(ii) Nyatakan satu ciri penyesuaian bagi organisma X dalam interkasi itu

State one characteristic of organism X that adapts it for the interaction

____________________________________________________________________
(1 markah/ 1 mark)

2. Rajah menunjukkan keratan rentas batang tumbuhan P dan tumbuhan Q yang hidup
dalam habitat yang berbeza

Diagram shows the cross section of stems from plant P and plant Q which live in
different habitats

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Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a)(i) Nyatakan habitat tumbuhan P dan tumbuhan Q

State the habitat of plant P and plant Q

P : ____________________________________________________________________

Q : ____________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(ii) Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 2(a)(i)

Give one reason for the answer in 2(a)(i)

P : ____________________________________________________________________

Q : ____________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(b)(i) Nyatakan fungsi floem

State the function of phloem

______________________________________________________________________
(1 markah/ 1 mark)

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(c) Sejenis tumbuhan hidup di kawasan paya yang mempunyai tanah lumpur yang lembut
dan kekurangan oksigen.

Terangkan dua penyesuaian tumbuhan tersebut untuk hidup di habitat itu.

A type of plant lives in a swamp area with soft muddy soil and lack of oxygen. Explain
two adaptions of the plant to survive in the habitat

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/ 2 marks)

3. Dalam satu kajian, tiga tumbuhan ditanam untuk mengkaji kesan kekurangan ion nitrat
dan magnesium ke atas pertumbuhan tumbuhan. Tumbuh-tumbuhan ini dibekalkan
dalam keadaan yang sama, kecuali jenis mineral yang dibekalkan

In an investigation, three plants were grown to study the effects of nitrate and
magnesium ion deficiency on their development. These plants were kept in the same
conditions, except for the types of minerals supplied

PLANT X PLANT Y PLANT Z

Provided with all Provided with all Provided with all
essential minerals minerals except minerals except
nitrate ions magnesium ions
Dibekalkan dengan
semua mineral Dibekalkan dengan Dibekalkan dengan
yang diperlukan semua mineral semua mineral
yang diperlukan yang diperlukan
kecuali ion nitrat kecuali ion
magnesium

Rajah 3 / Diagram 3

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(a) Rajah 3 menunjukkan keadaan tumbuhan selepas 2 minggu. Nyatakan dua kejadian,
selain daripada air dan kepekatan ion mineral, yang perlu dimalarkan untuk semua
tumbuhan, supaya kajian ini adil
Diagram 3 shows the condition of plants after two weeks. State two conditions, other
than water and concentration of mineral ions, that would need to kept constant for all
the plants, in order to make the investigation a fair test

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(b) Terangkan kesan ke atas pertumbuhan pada tumbuhan yang berikut

Explain the effect on the growth of the following plants
(i) Tumbuhan Y dengan kekurangan ion nitrate
Plant Y with deficiency of nitrate ions

Kesan/ Effect : ________________________________________________________

Penerangan/Explanation: ________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(ii) Tumbuhan Z dengan kekurangan ion magnesium

Plant Z with deficiency of magnesium ions

Kesan/ Effect : ________________________________________________________

Penerangan/Explanation: ________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

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(c) Sesetengah spesies tumbuhan bertumbuh dengan baik dalam tanah yang mempunyai
kandungan ion nitrat yang rendah. Terangkan bagaimana tumbuhan ini dapat
memperoleh sumber sebatian nitrogen
Some species of plants grows well in soil that is always low in nitrate ions. Explain how
these plants can obtain a source of nitrogen compounds.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/ 2 marks)

Soalan Esei / Essay Question

1. (a) Nutrien dapat dibahagikan mengikut kuantiti yang diperlukan oleh tumbuhan,
iaitu makronutrien dan mikronutrien. Setiap satunya mempunyai fungsi
tersendiri bagi memastikan tumbuhan melengkapkan kitar hidupnya dan
mencapai pertumbuhan serta perkembangan yang optimum. Bincangkan kesan
kekurangan makronutrien dan mikronutrien kepada tumbuhan.
Nutrients can be divided according to quantities required by plants, which are
macronutrients and micronutrients. Every nutrient has its own function in order
to ensure that plants complete their life cycle and achieve optimum growth and
development. Discuss the effects of deficiency of macronutrients and
micronutrients on plants.
(10 markah/ 10 marks)

(b) Akar merupakan organ terpenting yang terlibat secara langsung dalam
pertumbuhan tumbuhan. Nyatakan dua fungsi utama akar.
Root is the most important organ for plants that involved directly in plant
growth. State two main functions of roots.
(2 markah/2 marks)

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(c) Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan struktur di dalam akar iaitu P, Q, R dan S.

Diagram 3.1 shows the internal structure of roots which are P, Q, R and S.

Rajah 3.1 Struktur di dalam akar

Diagram 3.1 The internal structures of roots

Huraikan struktur P, Q, R dan S.

Describe structure P, Q, R and S.
(8 markah/8 marks)

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CHAPTER 4: TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

4.1 Vascular Tissues

• Vascular tissues - transport water, mineral salts and nutrients to all the cells.
• Vascular tissues consist of:
Xylem Transports water and mineral salts absorbed by the roots to the stems and leaves
Transports organic compounds which are synthesised by the leaves through
Phloem photosynthesis to the stems and roots

• Vascular plants - have a transport system which are xylem and phloem.
• Non-vascular plants - do not have any transport system (Example: alga and moss).

4.2 Transport of Water and Mineral Salts

• Other than transporting water and mineral salts absorbed by the roots to the stems and
leaves, xylem is also responsible to provide mechanical support to the plant.
• How does the structure of xylem adapt to its function?
a) Xylem vessel:
• Xylem vessel consists of dead cells at maturity which do not have cytoplasm.
• These cells are arranged longitudinally from end to end to form a continuous tube to
allow water flow from the roots to the leaves.
• The walls of the xylem vessel have uneven lignin thickening to:
✓ Give strength to xylem vessels to prevent them collapsing due to the tension
force and pressure changes when water moves through it
✓ Prevent the plant from being bent
b) Tracheid - The cell wall of tracheid also has lignin thickening and pits to allow water
movement to adjacent cells.

• Mechanism of water and mineral transport – The water and mineral salts movement from
the soil to the leaves are helped by transpirational pull, capillary action and root pressure.
Transpirational pull Produced when water that is evaporated from the stoma, pulls
water from the leaves.
Capillary action Produced from adhesion force and cohesion force of water
molecules which moves water upwards in the stem against
gravity.
Root pressure Moves water from the soil into the xylem vessels of the root via
osmosis.

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• Guttation in Plants – Guttation is a secretion of water droplets through a special structure

at the end of the leaf veins without involving the stomata caused by a high root pressure.
• The comparison between guttation and transpiration:

4.3 Translocation

• Translocation is a process of transporting organic substances such as sucrose, amino acids

and hormones in the phloem from the leaves to other parts of the plant such as the roots
and stem.
• Phloem tissues transport and distribute dissolved organic compounds such as sucrose,
amino acids and plant hormones to all parts of the plant. Unlike xylem, phloem is a living
cell because it has cytoplasm
• How do sieve tubes and companion cells adapt to their functions?
a) Sieve tubes do not have nuclei, ribosomes or vacuoles. This allows sucrose molecules
to pass through sieve tubes easily.
b) On both ends of the sieve tube, there is a sieve plate that has pores through which
organic compounds can flow from one sieve tube to the next.
c) Companion cells contain mitochondria to provide energy in the form of ATP to
transport sucrose from the leaf to the sieve tube through active transport.
• Laluan Translokasi dalam Tumbuhan:

The water The phloem sap

Sucrose is potential in the The hydrostatic to be pushed
actively sieve tube is pressure in the along the sieve
transported into reduced. Thus, sieve tube tube to other
the sieve tube. water diffuse into increase. organs of the
the sieve tube via
osmosis. plant.

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4.4 Phytoremediation
• Phytoremediation is one of the treatment methods which uses plants for the purpose of
degradation, extraction or elimination of pollute substances from soil and water.
• The Uses of Phytoremediation in Life:
1. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) - has long roots which can accumulate heavy
metals such as copper and lead in water
2. Sunflowers (Photograph 4.11) are used for remediation of soil polluted by the explosion
of the nuclear plant in Chernobyl, Russia. It acts as a hyperaccumulator which can
eliminate heavy metals such as zinc, chromium, copper, lead and nickel and also
radioactive substances such as caesium and strontium.
3. Pistia stratiotes (Water lettuce) – There are aquatic plants that are suitable to treat waste
water in a waste plant. It has a fast growth rate, can accumulate heavy metals and absorb
nutrients in the waste plant.
4. The roots of ground water spinach are able to absorb mercury from the soil.
5. The roots of river water spinach are able to absorb heavy metals such as cadmium from
the water.

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Bab 4: Pengangkutan dalam Tumbuhan

Chapter 4: Transport in Plants

Soalan Objektif

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur salur pengangkutan dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 1 shows structure of transport vessels in plants.

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

Apakah komponen yang berlabel X dan Y?

What are the components labelled X and Y?
X Y

Tiub tapis Salur floem

A.
Sieve tube Phloem vessel

Sel rakan Salur floem

B.
Companion cell Phloem vessel

Salur xilem Tiub tapis

C.
Xylem vessel Sieve tube

Salur xilem Sel rakan

D.
Xylem vessel Companion cell

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2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan struktur tumbuhan yang berbeza.

Diagram 2 shows different plant structures.

I II III IV
Rajah 2
Diagram 2
Antara struktur di atas, yang manakah terlibat dalam pengangkutan air dalam
tumbuhan?
Which of the structures above are involved in transport of water in plants?

A. I dan II B. II dan III

I and II II and III
C. III dan IV D. I dan IV

III and IV I and IV

3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan salur xylem yang berlainan.

Diagram 3 shows different kinds of xylem vessels.

Rajah 3
Diagram 3
Antara ciri salur xilem berikut, yang manakah paling penting bagi xilem untuk
menjalankan fungsi utamanya dengan efisien?

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Which of the following features of xylem vessels is most important in allowing it to

carry out its main function effectively?

A. Terdiri daripada sel mati apabila matang

Consist of dead cell at maturity
B. Mempunyai dinding sel yang ditebalkan dengan lignin
Have cell walls thickened with lignin
C. Mempunyai dinding sel berselulosa
Have cellulose cell wall
D. Membentuk salur berongga yang panjang dan berterusan dari akar ke daun
Form a long continuous hollow channel from the roots to the leaves

4. Rajah 4 menunjukkan sejenis tisu yang ditemui dalam batang tumbuhan herba.
Diagram 4 shows a type of tissue found in the stem of a herbaceous plant.

Rajah 3
Diagram 3
Apakah fungsi tisu ini?
What is the function of this tissues?
A. Memberikan sokongan kepada tumbuhan
Provides support to the plant
B. Mengangkut air dan mineral pada tumbuhan
Transport water and minerals to the plant
C. Transport waste material from the plant
Mengangkut bahan buangan dari tumbuhan
D. Transport organic substance
Mengangkut bahan-bahan organik

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5. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebatang tangkai saderi diletakkan di dalam sebuah bikar berisi
pewarna biru. Apabila pewarna tersebut mencapai daun, tangkai tersebut dikeluarkan dan
dipotong dua.

Diagram 5 shows a celery stalk is placed in a beaker of blue dye. Once the dye reaches
the leaves, the stalk is taken out and cut into half.

tangkai
saderi potong
cut
pewarna
biru

Rajah 5
Diagram 5

Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan keadaan potongan tangkai saderi tersebut?

Which diagram shows the appearance of the cut end of the stalk?

A. B.

pewarna biru
blue dye
C. D.

pewarna biru pewarna biru

blue dye blue dye

6. Susunan manakah yang menunjukkan air melalui sel tumbuhan, apabila air bergerak
dari akar ke daun?
In which order does water passes through the cells of a plant, as the water travels from
the roots to a leaf?

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A. sel mesofil → sel rerambut akar → korteks akar → xilem

mesophyll cells → root hair cells → root cortex → xilem
B. korteks akar → sel rerambut akar → xilem → sel mesofil
root cortex → root hair cells → xylem → mesophyll cells

C. sel rerambut akar → sel mesofil → korteks akar → xilem

root hair cells → mesophyll cells → root cortex → xylem

D. sel rerambut akar → korteks akar → xilem → sel mesofil

root hair cells → root cortex → xylem → mesophyll cells

7. Rajah 6. menunjukkan keadaan tumbuhan sebelum dan selepas 24 jam.

Diagram 6 shows the condition of a plant before and after 24 hours later.

Sebelum/ Before Selepas 24 jam/ After 24 hours

Rajah 6/ Diagram 6

Apakah yang menyebabkan perubahan pada keadaan pokok itu?

What causes the changes in the appearance of the plant?
A. Air yang hilang lebih banyak berbanding air yang masuk
Water loss is greater than water uptake
B. Air bergerak dari daun ke batang
Water moves from the leaves to the stem
C. Pengambilan air sama dengan kehilangan air
Water uptake is equal to water loss
D. Pengambilan air lebih banyak berbanding kehilangan air.
Water uptake is greater than water loss

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8. Rajah 7 menunjukkan tahap-tahap laluan air di dalam tumbuhan. Bulatan menunjukkan

titik permulaan anak panah untuk menunjukkan arah pergerakan air.
Diagram 7 shows stages in the passage of water through a plant. The circles are the
starting points for arrows to show the direction in which the water moves.

Rajah 7
Diagram 7

Antara A, B C atau D, bulatan manakah yang hanya menunjukkan anak panah ke arah
bawah sahaja?
Between A, B, C or D, which circle must show an arrow pointing downwards only?

9. Apakah penerangan bagi proses transpirasi?

What is the description of transpiration?
A. Pergerakan air melalui sel-sel pada daun
Movement of water through the cells of the leaf
B. Pergerakan air dari akar ke daun
Movement of water from the roots to the leaves

C. Kehilangan wap air dari daun dan batang tumbuhan

Loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of a plant
D. Pertukaran gas antara daun dan atmosfera
Exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

10. Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada akar.

Diagram 8 shows a section of a root

Tanah
Soil

A D
B
C

Rajah 8
Diagram 8

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar?

Which of the following statement is true?
A. B mempunyai keupayaan air yang lebih rendah berbading D
B has lower water potential than D
B. Keupayaan air pada D adalah paling tinggi
The water potential at D is the highest

C. Keupayaan air pada A adalah paling rendah

The water potential at A is the lowest
D. A mempunyai keupayaan air yang lebih tinggi berbanding B
A has higher water potential than B

11. Manakah antara berikut perbezaan antara transpirasi dan gutasi?

Which of the following is a difference between transpiration and guttation?
A. Transpirasi berlaku pada waktu siang manakala gutasi pada waktu malam
Transpiration happens during the day while guttation happens at night
B. Gutasi berlaku semasa keadaan kering manakala transpirasi berlaku semasa
keadaan lembap
Guttation happens during dry condition while transpiration happens during
wet condition

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

C. Transpirasi melibatkan sap xilem manakala gutasi melibatkan wap air

Transpiration involves xylem sap and guttation involves water vapour
D. Gutasi berlaku pada tumbuhan bersaiz besar manakala transpirasi berlaku pada
tumbuhan bersaiz kecil sahaja.
Guttation occurs in large plants only and transpiration occurs in small plants
only

12. Rajah 9 menunjukkan bahagian batang sepohon pokok kecil dengan bahagian gelang
kulit yang dibuang. Membuang gelang kulit kayu akan menanggalkan floem tetapi
mengekalkan xilem.
Diagram 9 shows part of the trunk of a small tree with a ring of bark removed.
Removing the ring of bark takes away phloem but leaves the xylem intact.

dahan
atas
upper
xilem
Gelang kulit xylem
dibuang
floem
ring of bark
phloem
dahan
bawah

Rajah 9
Diagram 9
Apakah kesan pembuangan bahagian gelang kulit terhadap dua dahan tersebut?
What effect will removing the bark have on the two branches?

Dahan bawah Dahan atas

Lower branch Upper branch
Pertumbuhan Daun Pertumbuhan Daun
Growth Leaves Growth Leaves
A. Normal Normal Normal Layu
Normal Normal Normal Wilted
B. Normal Layu Normal Normal
Normal Wilted Normal Normal
C. Merosot Normal Normal Normal
Reduced Normal Normal Normal
D. Merosot Layu Merosot Layu
Reduced Wilted Reduced Wilted

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

13. Manakah dua bahan yang diangkut di dalam floem?

Which two substances are transported in the phloem?
A. asid amino dan protein C. protein dan kanji
amino acids and protein protein and starch
B. asid amino dan sukrosa D. kanji dan sukrosa
amino acids and sucrose starch and sucrose

14. Rajah 10 menunjukkan beberapa ekor afid sedang menyedut bendalir dari floem pada
batang pokok. Apakah jenis bahan yang tiada dalam bendalir tersebut?
Diagram 10 shows aphids sucks liquid from the phloem of the stem What type of
substance would be lacking in the liquid?

Rajah 10
Diagram 10
A. Asid amino C. Sukrosa
Amino acids Sucrose

B. Lemak D. Air
Fat Water

15. Rajah 11 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada pokok buah.

Diagram 11 shows a section of a fruit tree

Rajah 11
Diagram 11

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Gelang kulit telah ditanggalkan pada beberapa bahagian pada tumbuhan yang berlabel
R. Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan perbezaan dalam saiz buah
dengan betul?
Bark ringing was done at some parts of the plant labelled R. Which of the following
statements correctly explain the difference in fruits sizes?
A. Buah X menerima lebih banyak cahaya matahari daripada Y dan Z.
Fruit X gets more sunlight than fruit Y and Z.
B. Bahan Y menerima kurang bahan organik berbanding buah X dan Z
Fruit Y receives less organic substances than fruit X and Z
C. Lebih banyak air diangkut ke buah Z berbanding buah X dan Y
More water is transported to fruit Z compare to fruit X and Y
D. Buah Y menerima kurang garam mineral daripada buah X dan Z.
Fruit Y receives less mineral salts than fruit X and Z.

16. Manakah antara proses berikut terlibat dalam proses translokasi?

Which of these following processes involve in translocation?
A. osmosis C. tekanan akar
osmosis root pressure
B. tindakan kapilari D. pengangkutan aktif
capillary action active transport

17. Jadual menunjukkan empat bahan dan bahagian tumbuhan di mana ia diangkut.
The table shows four substances and the parts of the plant to which they are
transported.
Bahan / Substance Bahagian tumbuhan / Part of plant
1 Asid amino Putik bunga
Amino acids Flower buds
2 Karbon dioksida Sel daun
Carbon dioxide Leaf cells
3 Sukrosa Sel akar
Sucrose Root cells
4 Air Stoma
Water Stomata

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Manakah antara contoh proses translokasi?

Which are examples of translocation?
A. 1 sahaja B. 1 dan 3
1 only 1 and 3
C. 2 dan 4 D. 3 dan 4
2 and 4 3 and 4

18. Fitoremediasi ialah proses menggunakan X untuk membersihkan pencemaran dari air
dan tanah. Apakah X?
Phytoremediation is the process of using X to clear contamination from water and
soil. What is X?
A. Bakteria C. Tumbuhan hijau
Bacteria green plants
B. Fungi D. Protozoa
Fungi Protozoa

19. Diagram 12 shows some examples of plants.

Rajah 12 menunjukan beberapa contoh tumbuhan.

I II III IV

Diagram 12
Rajah 12
Manakah antara tumbuhan berikut boleh menyerap logam berat di dalam tanah dan air?
Which of these plants are able to absorb heavy metals in soil and water?

A. I dan II C. III dan IV

I and II
III and IV
B. II dan III D. I, II dan III
II and III I, II and III

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

20. Apakah kelebihan menggunakan teknik fitoremediasi?

What is the advantage of using phytoremediation technique?

A. Dapat merawat air dengan sangat cepat

Able to treat water in shorter time
B. Dapat merawat air atau tanah yang mengalami kontaminasi yang sangat tinggi
Able to treat water or soil that have very strong contaminations
C. Dapat menyingkirkan logam berat dan mikroorganisma berbahaya
Able to eliminate heavy metals and harmful microorganisms
D. Memerlukan hanya kawasan tanah yang kecil
Needs only small land area

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Soalan Struktur.

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan pergerakan air yang berlaku dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 1 shows the movement of water in the plant.

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Namakan sel yang bertanda H, dan bagaimanakah air dapat meresap masuk ke dalam
sel ini di peringkat K?
Name the cell marked H, and how water can diffuse into this cell at level K?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/2 marks)

(b) J ialah salur xilem yang berfungsi mengangkut air. Nyatakan penyesuaian xilem bagi
menjalankan proses ini dengan berkesan.
J is the xylem vessel that function to transport water. State adaptation of xylem to carry
out this process effectively

_____________________________________________________________________
(2 markah/2 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(c) Terangkan bagaimanakah proses kehilangan air berlaku pada M?

Explain how does the process of water loss occur in M?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(3 markah/ 3 marks)

2. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan pergerakan air dalam tumbuhan. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keratan
rentas daun.

Diagram 2.1 shows the movement of water in a plant. Diagram 2.2 shows the cross
section of a leaf.

Rajah 2.1/ Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.2/ Diagram 2.2

(a) M ialah sejenis tisu vaskular. Terangkan satu penyesuaian pada M dalam

mengangkut air.
M is a type of vascular tissue. State one adaptations of M in transporting water

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(b) Nyatakan satu perbezaan struktur antara sel L dengan sel mesofil berspan

State one difference in structure between cell L and spongy mesophyll cell

Sel L/ Cell L Sel mesofil berspan/Spongy mesophyll cell

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

(c) (i) Terangkan kepentingan proses K kepada tumbuhan itu

Explain the importance of process K to the plant

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(ii) Sebatang pokok ditanam berdekatan kilang simen. Banyak habuk dibebaskan dari kilang
itu.

Terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini mempengaruhi proses K dalam pokok itu.

A tree is planted nearby a cement factory. Plenty of dust is relased from the factory.

Explain how this condition affects process K in the tree

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

3. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan keratan membujur batang suatu tumbuhan

Diagram 3.1 shows a longitudinal section of a plant stem

Rajah 3.1/ Diagram 3.1

(a) (i) Nyatakan dua fungsi tisu

State two functions of tissue X

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(ii) Huraikan dua penyesuaian struktur tisu X untuk fungsi yang dinyatakan di a(i)

Describe two structural adaptations of tissue X for the functions stated in a(i)

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(b) (i) Namakan sel Z yang boleh didapati dalam tisu Y

Name cell Z that can be found in tissue Y

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(ii) Terangkan fungsi sel Z

Explain the function of cell Z

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

4. a) Apakah maksud translokasi?

What is the meaning of translocation?
_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

Floem dan kulit pokok dipotong

Phloem and bark were cut

Xilem terdedah
Xylem exposed
Rajah 4/ Diagram 4

b) Rajah 4 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji peranan tisu floem dalam

pengangkutan bahan organik. Apakah struktur yang telah dibuang ketika dahan

tersebut digelang?

Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the role of phloem tissue in the transport

of organic subatance. What is the structure that was removed when the branch was

ringed?

____________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

c) Nyatakan tujuan menyapu jeli petroleum di permukaan yang terdedah?

State the purpose of applying petroleum jelly on the exposed surfaces?

____________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

d) Ramalkan keadaan yang akan berlaku kepada batang pokok bunga raya tersebut

selepas enam bulan. Berikan alasan

Predict what will happen to the trunk of hibiscus plant after six months. Give the

reason

___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

e) Lukiskan keadaan batang pokok bunga raya selepas enam bulan di ruangan yang

disediakan di bawah.

Draw the condition of the trunk of hibiscus plant after six months in the space

provided below.

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

5. Dua pasu tumbuhan P dan Q dibekalkan dengan bahan yang berlainan seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1. Sehelai daun pada tumbuhan P didedahkan kepada karbon
dioksida beradioaktif manakala tumbuhan Q ditanam dalam nutrien yang mengandungi ion
fosfat beradioaktif.

Two potted plants P and Q were supplied with different substances as shown in Diagram
5.1. A leaf in plant P was exposed to radioactive carbon dioxide while plant Q was placed
in a nutrient containing radioactive phosphate ions.

Rajah 5.1/ Diagram 5.1

Selepas 8 jam, kedua-dua tumbuhan diuji untuk keradioaktifan.Sukrosa radioaktif dan fosforus
radioaktif hadir dalam tumbuhan P dan Q masing-masing.

After 8 hours, both plants were tested for Radioactivity. Radioactive sucrose and radioactive
phosphorus were present in plant P and Q respectively.

(a) Terangkan bagaimana sukrosa dibentuk

Explain how the sucrose is produced

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(b) Terangkan bagaimana ion fosfat diambil oleh akar tumbuhan

Explain how the phosphate ions are taken up by the plant roots

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(c) Satu lagi eksperimen disusun seperti dalam Rajah 5.2 untuk tumbuhan R
Another experiment was set up as in Diagram for plant R

Rajah 5.2/ Diagram 5.2

(i) Satu bahagian batang telah disingkirkan pada titik Y

One part of the stem was removed at point Y
Namakan proses yang akan dipengaruhi apabila bahagian tersebut disingkirkan
Name the process that would be affected when the part was removed

_______________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(ii) Antara daun J, K, L dan M yang manakah tidak akan menunjukkan positif untuk
sukros beradioaktif?
Which leaves, among J, K, L, M would not be tested positive for radioactive
sucrose?

________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

6. Rajah 6 menunjukkan keadaan di Chernobyl, Rusia selepas peristiwa letupan loji nuklear
pada tahun 1986.

Diagram 6 shows the condition of Chernobyl, Rusia after the explosion of nuclear plant in
1986.

Rajah 6/ Diagram 6

(a) Salah satu kaedah yang digunakan untuk merawat tanah selepas letupan tersebut adalah
dengan menyingkirkan bahan pencemar menggunakan tumbuhan. Apakah nama
kaedah ini?

One of the methods used to treat soil after the explosion is to remove pollutants using
plants. What is the name of this method?

______________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(b) Cadangkan satu tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan dalam kaedah yang dinyatakan pada
soalan 6(a).
Suggest one plant that can be used in this method that stated in question 6(a).

______________________________________________________________________

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

(c) Encik Karim merupakan petani moden yang bercucuk tanam berdekatan kawasan
perindustrian. Encik Karim membuat saliran di kebun sayurnya sebagai sumber air
untuk menyiram tanamannya. Beliau juga membiakkan keladi bunting di dalam saliran
tersebut. Wajarkan tindakan Encik Karim.

Mr. Karim is a modern farmer who cultivates near industrial areas. Mr. Karim makes
drainage in his vegetable garden as a source of water to watering his crops. He also
breeds Eichhornia crassipes in the drainage. Justify Mr.Karim’s actions.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
(3 markah/ 3 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Soalan Esei

1. (a) Sequoia sempervirens merupakan pokok yang tertinggi di dunia. Setiap hari, pokok ini
dapat menyerap 1000kg air dari tanah dan mengangkutnya ke batang dan daun sehingga
ketinggian 100m. Sistem pengangkutannya yang efisien seperti dalam Rajah 4.1 dapat
memastikan air diangkut secara berterusan dari akar ke pucuk.
Sequoia sempervirens is the tallest tree in the world. Every day, this tree can absorb
1000kg of water from the soil and transport it to the stem and leaves up to a height of
100m. Its efficient transport system as shown in Diagram 4.1 can ensure that water is
transported continuously from root to shoot.

Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.1

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, huraikan mekanisme pengangkutan air dari dalam tanah hingga
ke daun.
Based on Diagram 1.1, describe the water transport mechanism from soil to leaf.
(10 markah/ 10 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(b) Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan dua proses yang dialami oleh tumbuhan.
Diagram 1.2 shows two processes experienced by plants.

Proses X Proses Y
Process X Process Y

Rajah 1.2
Diagram 1.2

Bezakan proses X dan Y.

Differentiate process X and Y.
(6 markah/ 6 marks)

(c) Sebuah kilang membebaskan sisa toksik ke udara dan air. Keadaan ini menyebabkan air
dan tanah di kawasan tersebut tercemar dengan logam berat. Hal ini bukan sahaja
menjejaskan kesihatan manusia, bahkan merencat pertumbuhan tumbuhan serta
membunuh hidupan akuatik.
A factory releases toxic waste into air and water. This condition will cause water and
soil in that area to be contaminated with heavy metals. This problem will not only affect
human health, but also inhibits plant growth and kills aquatic life.

Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, cadangkan satu cara semula jadi untuk
mengurangkan kandungan logam berat di dalam tanah dan air di kawasan tersebut.
Based on your biological knowledge, suggest a natural way to reduce the content of
heavy metals in soil and water in that area.
(4 markah/ 4 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

CHAPTER 5: RESPONSE IN PLANT

SHORT NOTES

1. Types of tropism response

a) Tigmotropism
b) Geotropism
c) Hydrotropism
d) Phototropism
e) Chemotropism

2. Nasti reaction
a) Photonasty
b) Seismonasti
c) Niktinasti
d) Thermonasty
e) Tigmonasti

3. Phytohormones are plant hormones are stimulating chemicals at very low concentrations.

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

4.
Application of phytohormones in agriculture.

a) Auxin - promotes plant growth.

b) Giberelin - stimulates the elongation of flower stalks rapidly.
c) Cytokinins - stimulate cell division and differentiation in tissue culture.
d) Abscic acid - Has an inhibitory effect on the process of germination and growth.
e) Ethylene - stimulates fruit ripening quickly and evenly.

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

BAB 5 TINGKATAN 5
.

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu anak benih diletakkan secara mengufuk untuk mengkaji gerak
balas pertumbuhannya
Diagram 1 shows a seedling placed horizontally to study its growth response.

Plumul
Plumule Radikel
Radicle
Rajah 1 / Diagram 1

A. B.

C. D.

2. Antara fitohormon yang berikut, yang manakah mempercepatkan buah menjadi masak?
Which of the following phytohormones speeds up the ripening of fruits?

A. Asid absisik B. Auksin

Abscisic acid Auxins

C. Etilena D. Sitokinin
Ethylene Cytokinin

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

3. • Merangsang percambahan akar adventitious pada keratan batang

Stimulates development of adventitious roots at the end of stem cuttings
• Merangsang pertumbuhan dan pemanjangan sel akar dan sel pucuk
Stimulates growth and elongation in root and shoot cells
• Menggalakkan perkembangan kedominan apeks pucuk dan akar
Stimulates development of the apical dominance in shoots and roots

Apakah fitohormon yang dihuraikan di atas?

What is the phytohormone described above?

A. Giberelin B. Etilena
Gibberellin Ethylene
C. Auksin D. Asid absisik
Auxin Abscisic acid

4. Rajah 2 menunjukkan perubahan yang berlaku kepada pokok Mimosa pudica

apabila disentuh.
Diagram 2 shows the changes that occur to the Mimosa pudica plant when being
touch.

Daun menguncup apabila

disentuh

Diagram 2 Leaves fold upon being

touched with finger
Rajah 2

Apakah jenis gerak balas yang terlibat?

What is the type of response involved?

A. Seismonasti B. Kemotropisme
Seismonasty Chemotropism
C. Fotonasti D. Niktinasti
Photonasty Nyctinasty

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

5. Rajah 3 menunjukkan empat koleoptil W, X, Y dan Z yang didedahkan kepada cahaya

dari satu arah.
Diagram 3 shows four coleoptiles W , X , Y and Z that are exposed to unilateral light

Cahaya Cahaya

Light Light

Hujung koleoptil diasingkan oleh mika Hujung koleoptil ditutupi penutup legap
The coleoptile tip is separated by mica The coleoptile tip is covered with an
opaque cover
X
W

Cahaya Cahaya
Light Light

Hujung koleoptil diasingkan oleh blok

agar-agar Hujung koleoptil dipotong

The coleoptile tip is separated by a The coleoptile tip is cut

piece of agar block
Y Z
Rajah 3
Diagram 3

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Selepas dua hari, koleoptil manakah yang akan bergerak ke arah cahaya?
After two days, which coleoptile will move towards the light?
A. W sahaja B. Y sahaja
W only Y only

C. W dan Y D. W, X dan Z
W dan Y W, X and Z

6. Rajah 4 menunjukkan tumbuhan P .

Diagram 4 shows plant P .

Tumbuhan P

Plant P

Rajah 4
Diagram 4
Apakah jenis gerak balas dan fungsi gerak balas pada tumbuhan P?
What is the type of response and the function of response in plant P?
Jenis gerak balas Fungsi gerak balas
Type of response Function of response
A Fototropisme Untuk memperoleh sokongan agar tumbuh
Phototropism secara tegak
Gain support to grow vertically
B Seismonasti Sebagai pertahanan daripada musuh
Seismonasty As a defense from the enemy

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

C Niktinasti Untuk memperoleh air yang banyak

Nyctinasty To get plenty of water
D Tigmonasti Untuk menangkap mangsa
Thigmonasty To catch prey

6.

7. Pernyataan berikut adalah ciri-ciri suatu suatu gerak balas dalam tumbuhan.
The following statements are characteristics of response in plants.

• Gerak balas yang ditunjukkan adalah perlahan dan tidak jelas

The response is slow and not apparent
• Arah gerak balas pertumbuhan adalah bergantung kepada arah
rangsangan
The response direction is dependent on the direction of the stimulus
• Gerak balas adalah kekal dan dipengaruhi oleh hormon tumbuhan
The response is permanent and influenced by plant hormones

Apakah jenis gerak balas ini?

What is the type of response?
A. Fotonasti
Photonasty

B. Termonasti
Thermonasty
C. Kemotropisme
Chemotropism
D. Niktinasti
Nictinasty

8. Antara yang berikut, pernyataan manakah yang benar mengenai akar tumbuhan?
Which of the following statements is true about plant roots?
A. Geotropisme negatif dan hidrotropisme positif
Negative geotropism and positive hydrotropism

B. Geotropisme positif dan hidrotropisme negatif

Positive geotropism and negative hydrotropism

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

C. Geotropisme positif dan hidrotropisme positif

Positive geotropism and positive hydrotropism

D. Fototropisme positif dan hidrotropisme positif

Positive phototropism and positive hydrotropism

9.
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menerangkan dengan betul perbezaan antara
tropisme dan gerak balas nasti ?
Which of the followings correctly explain the difference between tropism and nastic
response?

Tropisme Gerak balas nasti

Tropism Nastic response

A Pergerakan yang tidak melibatkan Pergerakan yang melibatkan

pertumbuhan pertumbuhan
Growth independent movement Growth dependent movement

B Gerak balas adalah sementara dan Gerak balas adalah kekal dan tidak
berbalik berbalik
The response is temporary and The response is permanent and
reversible irreversible

C Arah gerak balas tidak bergantung Arah gerak balas bergantung

kepada arah rangsangan kepada arah rangsangan
The response direction is not The response direction is dependent
dependent on the direction of the on the direction of the stimulus
stimulus
D Gerak balas yang ditunjukkan Gerak balas yang ditunjukkan
adalah perlahan dan tidak jelas adalah lebih cepat dan jelas
The response is slow and not The response is quicker and more
apparent apparent

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

10 Rajah 5 menunjukkan potongan buah anggur P dan Q.

. Diagram 5 shows slices of grapefruit P and Q.

Rajah 5
Diagram 5

Mengapakah anggur P berbeza daripada anggur Q?

Why grape P is different from grape Q?

A. P diberi giberelin untuk menggalakkan percambahan biji benih

P is given gibberellin to promote seed germination

B. P diberi asid absisik untuk merangsang pemasakan buah

P is given abscisic acid to stimulate ripening in fruits
C. P diberi etilena untuk penghasilan buah yang lebih besar
P is given ethylene to produce larger fruits
D. P diberi auksin untuk menghasilkan buah melalui kaedah partenokarpi
P is given auxin to produce fruits via parthenocarpy

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SOALAN STRUKTUR

1. (a) Tandakan [] bagi penyataan yang benar mengenai gerak balas tumbuhan.

Tick [] the correct statement regarding the response in plants.

(i) Fototropisme ialah gerak balas pertumbuhan pucuk dan akar terhadap
cahaya.
Fototropisme is a growth response of the shoot and root towards light.

(ii) Akar tumbuhan menunjukkan geotropisme positi dengan bertumbuh ke atas ke

arah cahaya.
The roots of the plant shows positive geotropism by growing upwards towards
the direction of light.

(iii) Tigmotropisme ialah gerak balas terhadap sentuhan.

Thigmotropism is a response towards touch.

(iv) Pokok semalu adalah tumbuhan yang menunjukkan gerak balas nasti.

Mimosa plant is a plant that shows nastic response.

[ 3 markah / marks ]

(b) Terangkan perbezaan antara gerak balas tropisme dan gerak balas nasti dalam

tumbuhan.

Explain the difference between tropism and nastic responses in plant.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

[ 3 markah / marks ]

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

2. (a) Padankan fitohormon berikut dengan fungsinya yang betul.

Match the following phytohormones with their correct function.

Etilena Merangsang pertumbuhan dan pemanjangan sel

pucuk dan akar
Ethylene
Promote growth and elongation of shoot and root
cells

Sitokinin Merangsang penghasilan enzim dalam

percambahan biji benih
Cytokinin
Promotes production of enzyme in seed
germination

Auksin Merangsang pemasakan buah

Auxin Promotes the ripeningof fruits

Asid absisik Melambatkan penuaan dan kematian daun

Abscisic acid Delays the aging and death of leaves

Giberelin Merencatkan pertumbuhan pucuk

Gibberelin Inhibits the growth of shoot

[ 5 markah / marks ]
(b) Seoarang petani mahu menjadikan buah mangganya cepat masak untuk dijual di pasar

malam. Cadangkan fitohormon yang sesuai digunakan untuk mempercepatkan

pemasakan buah mangganya. Jelaskan cadangan anda.

A farmer wants to ripen his mangoes quickly to be sold at the night market. Suggest

a suitable phytohormone to speed up the ripening of the mangoes. Explain your

suggestion.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 markah / marks ]

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(c) Kemajuan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi telah membolehkan hormone-hormon

tumbuhan diekstrak dalam kuantiti yang banyak. Hormon-hormon ini telah

digunakan dalam bidang pertanian.

Advancement in science and technology has allowed for plant hormones to be

extracted in large quantities. These hormones have been used in agriculture.
Bincangkan bagaimana hormon tumbuhan berikut dapat digunakan untuk

meningkatkan pertaniaan.

Discuss how the following plant hormones can be used to improve agriculture.

i) Auksin/Auxin

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

ii) Etilena/Ethylene

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
[ 2 markah / marks ]

3. (a) Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah ladang yang ditanam dengan pokok-pokok daripada

spesies yang sama dalam dua plot yang berbeza, P dan Q.

Diagram 1 shows a farm which is planted with plants of the same species in two

different plots, P and Q.

Plot P Plot Q
Pokok-pokok daripada kultur tisu Pokok-pokok daripada biji benih
Plants from cultured tissue Plants from seeds

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1

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Ladang itu telah dijangkiti suatu penyakit. Semua pokok dalam plot P mati tetapi

hanya sedikit pokok dalam plot Q yang mati akibat jangkitan itu. Terangkan

mengapa semua pokok dalam plot P mati.

The farm has been infected by a disease. All plants in plot P die but only a few plants

in plot Q die because of the infections. Explain why all the plants in plot P die

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[ 3 markah / marks]
]

b) Seoarang suri rumah menggunakan sabut kelapa untuk menanam pokok erkid seperti

ditunjukkan pada Rajah 2.

A housewife uses coconut husk to plant an orchids as in Diagram 2.

Rajah 2 / Diagram 2
Mengapakah sabut kelapa digunakan untuk menanam pokok orkid itu?
Why coconut husk is used to plant the orchid?
____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

[ 2 markah / marks ]

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c) Rajah 3 menunjukkan gerak balas pertumbuhan suatu tumbuhan.

Diagram 3 shows the growth response of a plant.

Rajah 3 / Diagram 3
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, huraikan peranan hormon terhadap gerak balas tumbuhan
tersebut
Based on Diagram 3, explain the role of hormones on the plant’s response
_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

[ 4 markah / marks ]

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

SOALAN ESEI

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan spesies pokok semalu.
Diagram 1 shows a species of Mimosa Pudica

a) Ramalkan keadaan daun pokok semalu pada waktu pagi dan tengahari. Terangkan
jenis gerak balas yang terlibat.

Predict the condition of the leaves of the semalu tree in the morning and
afternoon. Explain the types of reactions involved.
[5 markah / 5 marks]

b) Lakarkan keadaan hujung pucuk dan akar berdasarkan gerak balas geotropism.
Terangkan keadaan tersebut.
Sketch the state of the shoots and roots based on the geotropism reaction.
Explain this condition.

[8 markah / 8 marks]

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c) Berdasarkan rajah di bawah, mengapakah tindakan ini dilakukan oleh

kebanyakan pekebun komersial. Namakan hormon yang terlibat dan terangkan
fungsinya dalam meningkatkan jumlah hasil tanaman.
Based on the diagram below, why is this action done by most commercial
gardeners. Name the hormones involved and explain their function in
increasing the amount of crop yield

Rajah 5.2

[7 marks]
[7markah]

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

CHAPTER 6: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANT

SHORT NOTES

1. Flowers function in ensuring the survival of the species because the flowers have a plant
reproductive structure.

2. Carpel is a female reproductive organ (consisting of stigma, stil, ovary and ovule).

3. Stamens are male reproductive organs (consisting of anthers and filaments).

4. Comparison of male and female parts of plants.

5. The process of transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma is known as pollination.

6. Double fertilization involves two male gamete cells, the first male gamete fertilizes the
egg cell to produce a diploid zygote while the second male gamete fuses with the polar
nucleus to produce triploid endosperm tissue.

7.

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8.

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Jawab semua soalan

Answer all questions

1. Rajah 1 menunjukan keratan rentas satu bunga.

Diagram 1 below shows a cross section of a flower

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1
Apakah struktur X?
What is structure X?

A. Ovari B. Stigma
Ovary Stigma

C. Anter D. Stil
Anther Style

2. Rajah 2 di bawah menunjukan keratan rentas satu bunga.

Diagram 2 below shows a cross section of a flower

Rajah 2/ Diagram 2
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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Apakah fungsi struktur P?

What is the function of structure P?

A. Apakah fungsi struktur P? B. Menyokong anter

To attract insect To support anther

C. Menghasilkan butiran debunga D. Tempat butiran debunga melekat

Produce pollen grain A place pollen grain stick

3. Manakha antara berikut adalah padanan yang betul antara organ pembiakan jantan dan
betina dalam tumbuhan berbunga?
Which of following is correct pairing between male and female reproductive organ in
flowering plant?

Organ pembiakan jantan Organ pembiakan betina

Male Reproductive Organ Female Reproductive Organ

A. Stil
Stigma Anter Ovari
Stigma Anther Ovary Style

B. Anter Ovari
Stil Filamen
Anther Style Filament Ovary

C. Filamen Stil Stigma

Ovul
Filament Style Ovule Stigma

D. Anter Filamen Ovul

Stil
Anther Filament Style Ovule

4. Manakah antara berikut adalah padanan yang betul antara perbezaan-perbezaan

bahagian bunga jantan dan betina?
Which of following is correct pairing between the differences male and female flower
part?

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Male flower part Female flower part

Male flower part Female flower part

A. Terdiri daripada karpel

Terdiri daripada stamen
Consists of stamen Consists of carpel

B. Menghasilkan pundi embrio Menghasilkan butiran debunga

Produces embryo sac Produces pollen grains

C. Mengandungi struktur stil Mengandungi struktur filamen

Has style Has filament
D. Terletak di bahagian tengah bunga Mengunjur keluar dari dasar ovari
Located in the middle part of the Projecting out from the base of the
flower ovary

5. Penyataan di bawah berlaku semasa proses pembentukan butir debunga.

Statement below occurs during the process formation of pollen grain.

• Sel induk mikrospora akan membahagi secara meiosis

The microspore mother cell divides by meiosis
• Menghasilkan empat sel mikrospora yang haploid (n).
To produce four haploid (n) microspore cells

Penyataan di atas merujuk kepada?

Statements above are referring to?

A. Tiub debunga B. Nukleus penjana

Pollen tube Generative nucleus

C. Nukleus tiub D. Tetrad

Tube nucleus Tetrad

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

6. Rajah 3 menunjukan struktur pundi embrio.

Diagram 3 shows a structure of embryo sac

II

IV III

Rajah 3/ Diagram 3

Manakah struktur yang akan bersenyawa dengan gamet-gamet jantan semasa

persenyawaan ganda dua?
Which structures will fertilise with male gametes during double fertilization?

A. I dan III B. II dan IV

I and III II and IV

C. I dan IV D. II dan III

I and IV II and III

7. Manakah antara berikut bukan agen pendebungaan?

Which of following is not pollination agent?

A. Mamalia B. Serangga
Mammal Insect

C. Angin D. Manusia
Wind Human

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

8. Rajah 4 menunjukan keratan rentas sebiji epal.

Diagram 4 below shows cross section of an apple.

Rajah 4/ Diagram 4
Apakah struktur yang akan berkembang menjadi R semasa perkembangan buah?
What structure will develop into R during development of fruit?

A. Pedunkel B. Stigma
Peduncle Stigma

C. Ovari D. Ovul
Ovary Ovule

9. Penyataan di bawah menerangkan proses pembentukan tiub debunga dan gamet jantan.
Susun penyataan di bawah mengikut urutan yang betul.
Statements below explaining the process formation of pollen tube and male gametes
Arrange the statements below following correct order.

I. Dinding anter pada debunga yang matang akan mengering, mengecut dan
merekah
The wall of anther from mature pollen will dry, shrink dan split

II. Hujung tiub debunga akan merembeskan enzim untuk mencernakan tisu-
tisu stil
The end of the pollen tube will secrete an enzyme to digest the tissues of
the style

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

III. Debunga yang dibebaskan akan dipindahkan ke stigma

The released pollen grains are transferred to the stigma

IV. Nukleus penjana akan bergerak di sepanjang tiub debunga ke arah ovul
The generative nucleus will move along the pollen tube towards the ovule

V. Debunga yang telah dipindahkan ke stigma akan mengalami percambahan

dan membentuk tiub debunga
The pollen grains that have been transferred to the stigma will germinate
and form a pollen tube

A. I II III IV V B. I III V IV II

C. I IV III V II D. I IV II IV III

10. Rajah 5 menunjukan struktur pundi embrio selepas pensenyawaan ganda dua berlaku
dalam tumbuhan J.
Diagram 5 shows a structure of embryo sac after double fertilization occur in J plant.

Rajah 5/ Diagram 5
Bilangan kromosom dalam sel akar tumbuhan J adalah 10.
Apakah bilangan kromosom dalam U?
A chromosomal number in root cell of plant J is 10.
What is the chromosomal number in U?

A. 5 B. 10.
C. 15 D. 20

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

11. Manakah penyataan berikut adalah benar tentang biji benih?

Which of following statements are true about seed?

I Biji benih dilindungi oleh nuselus

Seed protected by nucellus
II Biji benih mengandungi struktur embrio yang akan bercambah untuk
membentuk anak benih
Seeds contain embryo that germinate to form seedlings
III Tisu endosperma yang menjadi sumber nutrien dalam biji benih
Endosperm tissue is the source of nutrients in seed
IV Biji benih dapat membentuk struktur dorman
Seeds can form a dormant structure

A. I, II and III B. I, II and IV

C. I, III and IV D. II, III and IV

12. Rajah 6 di bawah menunjukan embrio dalam tumbuhan berbunga.

Diagram 6 below shows an embryo in flowering plant.

Rajah 6/ Diagram 6

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Apakah Z?
What is Z?

A. Radikel B. Kotiledon
Radicle Cotyledon

C. Plumul D. Penggantung
Plumule Suspensor

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

PEMBIAKAN SEKS DALAM TUMBUHAN BERBUNGA

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan keratan membujur pembiakan bunga semasa persenyawaan.

Diagram 1 shows a longitudal section of the reproductive parts of a flower during
fertilisation.

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

a. Namakan struktur berlabel J, K, L dan M

Name the structures labelled J, K, L and M

J:

K:

L:

M:
(4 markah/4 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

b. Dalam ruang di bawah, lukis keratan rentas melalui ovul yang menunjukkan semua sel
dalam M. Labelkan sel yang terlibat dalam persenyawaan.
In the space below, draw a section through the ovule showing all the cells in M. Label
the cells involving in fertilisation.

(3 markah/3 marks)
(ii) Apakah signifikan mempunyai dua struktur L dalam persenyawaan.
What is the significance of having two L structures in the fertilisation?

(2 markah/2 marks)
c.

Struktur X dapat boleh membentuk struktur dorman yang membolehkannya

biji benih disimpan dalam jangka masa yang lama.
The X structure can form a dormant structure that allows the seeds to be
stored for a long time

i) Jika seorang penyelidik ingin menggunakan struktur X dalam kajiannya, nyatakan

satu cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk mengelakkan X daripada bercambah .

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

If a researcher wants to use structure X in his study, state one way that can be
done to prevent X from germinate.

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

(ii) Jelaskan pernyataan tersebut.

Explain the statement .

(1 markah/ 1 mark)

2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan keratan memanjang organ pembiakan bagi suatu tumbuhan.

Diagram 2 shows the longitudal section of reproductive organ of a plant.

Rajah 2
Diagram 2

a. (i) Berdasarkan Rajah 2, terangkan bagaimana X terbentuk.

Based on Diagram 2, explain how X is formed.

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

(ii) Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada tumbuhan itu jika struktur X gagal
terbentuk.
Explain what happens to the plant if structure X is failed to form.

(2 markah/2 marks)

b. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua jenis buah-buahan tempatan.

Diagram 2.1 shows two types of local fruits.

Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

Buah-buahan itu mempunyai bilangan biji benih yang berbeza. Jelaskan mengapa?
The fruits have different number of seeds. Explain why?

(2 markah/2 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

c.
Stigma sekuntum bunga pada pokok mangga telah dibuang.
The stigma of a flower on a mango tree has been removed.

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada

perkembangan buah mangga tersebut.
Based on the above statement, explain what will happen to the development of the
mango.

(2 markah/ 2 marks)

3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan keratan membujur sekuntum bunga.

Diagram 3 shows a longitudal section of a flower.

Rajah 3
Diagram 3

a. Namakan struktur yang berlabel P dan Q.

Name the structure labelled P and Q.
P:

Q:
(2 markah/ 2 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

b. (i) Berdasarkan Rajah 3, namakan jenis pembiakan yang yang dijalankan oleh
tumbuhan ini.
Based on Diagram 3, name the type of reproduction carried out by this plant.

(1 markah/1 mark)

(ii) Nyatakan kepentingan jenis pembiakan yang disebut dalam (b) (i). Terangkan
jawapan anda.
State the importance of the type of reproduction mentioned in (b) (i). Explain
your answer.

(2 markah/ 2marks)

c. Bunga ini didebungakan oleh serangga. Cadangkan bagaimana bahagian R, S dan T

membantu pendebungaan ini.
This flower is insect pollinated. Suggest how parts R, S and T help in pollination of
this flower.

(3 markah/ 3 marks)

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 I DLP F0RM 5 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

SOALAN ESEI BAB 6

1. Pokok bunga lili adalah hermafrodit di mana organ pembiakan jantan dan betina
berada dalam bunga yang sama.
Lilies are hermaphrodites in which the male and female reproductive organs are in the
same flower.

a) Jelaskan perbandingan antara organ pembiakan jantan dan betina dalam bunga
lili.
Explain the comparison between male and female reproductive organs in lilies.

(5 marks)
[5 markah]

b) Terangkan bagaimana debunga terhasil dalam anter pokok bunga lili.

Explain how pollen is produced in the anthers of lilies.
[7 marks]
[7 markah]

c) Cadangkan bagaimana pokok bunga lili dapat melakukan pendebungaan dan

persenyawaan.
Suggest how lilies can pollinate and fertilize.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

17