Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 2BR
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January 2022
Question Paper Log Number P69610A
Publications Code 4BI1_2BR_2201_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (a) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following:

 (two) different parent plants / cross with allow

another plant / eq (1) other
flower

 (produce different) gametes (1)

 parent plants /gametes have different

genotypes / alleles / genes / genetic material /
DNA / eq(1)

 (gametes) fuse / combine / fertilisation (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the 3
following:

 less competition for light / get enough /

sufficient / more light / eq (1)
allow one
 less competition for water / get enough / mark for
sufficient water / more water eq (1) less
competition
 less competition for minerals / named unqualified
mineral / get enough / sufficient minerals/
more minerals /eq (1) ignore
space /
CO2

Question Answer Mark

Number
1 (b)(ii) 1
 can grow in suitable / same conditions / habitat as
parent ( which successfully grew there) / has plant to
cross-pollinate with / eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (c) An explanation that makes reference to three of 3
the following: must have
factor and
 warmth / optimum temperature for reason
enzyme action / increased temperature for
chemical reactions / eq (1)

 water to mobilise enzymes / for chemical

reactions / eq (1)

 oxygen for respiration / eq (1) not light for

photosynthesis
 light to stimulate growth / break dormancy
/ eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance

1 (d) An explanation that makes reference to two the 2

following:

 (bright colours to) attract animals / ignore attract

humans / easily seen / eq (1) insects

 to eat the fruits / consume / eq (1)

 as they contain glucose / sugars / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (e) An answer that makes reference to : 1
no credit
 from fruit eaten and egested by/ passed through for more
humans / from faeces / seeds not digested /eq nitrates /
(1) minerals

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (f) An answer that makes reference to : 1
not just
 heat / warmth / high temperature (for evaporation
evaporation) / dries out (tissue)/ eq (1) of water
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 (g) A description that makes reference to three of the following: 3

 use watch / clock / measure record to time fall (1)

 from same height (1)

 repeat / calculate mean time (1)

 use same mass seeds / same seeds / same species / eq

(1)

 with and without fluff / different amounts of fluff/ eq

(1)

total 16 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

D S glomerulus

A is not the answer as P is the distil convoluted tubule

B is not the answer as Q is the collecting duct

C is not the answer as R is the loop of Henle

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

D U the PCT

A as Q is the collecting duct

B is not the answer as R is the loop of Henle

C is not the answer as S is the glomerulus

Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a)(iii) The only correct answer is 1

B structure R is the loop of Henle

A is not the answer as P is the distil convoluted tubule

C is not the answer as S is the glomerulus

D is not the answer as U is the proximal convolute tubule

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following: 1

 substances / chemicals present / in solution/ no credit

dissolved / carried in the liquid part of the blood for
/ substances / chemicals / present / in solution/ components
dissolved / carried in the plasma / eq (1)

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
2(b)(ii) 56 / 100 x 54 2

= 30 (2) allow 30.2 / 30.24

(2)

allow full marks for

correct answer alone

allow 1 mark for 56

or 1 mark for

54 – (54 x 44 / 100)
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two the following: 2

 (so that) glucose not excreted / lost from body / eq (1)

 maintain blood glucose / eq (1)

 (required for) respiration / (release of) energy / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(b)(iv) An answer that makes reference to five of the following: 5

 1 as water potential of blood decreases / (solute /

solution) concentration increases /eq(1)

 2 osmoreceptors / hypothalamus /pituitary glands (1)

 3 (more) ADH secreted (1)

 4 increase permeability of collecting duct / eq (1)

 5 more water (re)absorbed / less excreted / less urine

/more concentrated urine / eq(1)

 6 more urea produced / concentration increases /eq (1)

 7 less urea reabsorbed / more urea excreted / more in

urine / eq (1)

 8 more sodium / salts in plasma /eq (1)

 9 so more salt / sodium excreted / less reabsorbed /

more in urine / eq(1)

 10 more glucose in blood/ filtered but no change as all

reabsorbed / none excreted / eq (1)

total 13 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a) W nucleus / eq (1) 4

X cell sap / vacuole / eq (1)

Y cellulose cell wall / cell wall / eq (1)

Z cytoplasm (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b) An answer that makes reference to two the 2
following: allow full
marks for
measure distance A-B 80 mm 8.0 cm correct
answer alone
= 80 000 µm

magn = 80 000 ÷ 1000 allow 1 mark

for
80 or 79 or 81 or 82 (2)
×1000÷1000
or A-B 8 cm if mm
or
= 8 × 10000 ×10000÷1000
if cm

or for correct
length of AB
from diagram
with units

range 79-82
mm 7.9-8.2
cm
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(c) (i) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

 increases surface area (1)

 osmosis (1)

 (water in) root hair cell has lower water potential allow
(than water in soil) / from high to low water potential correctly
from dilute to more concentrated solution / eq (1) expressed
idea of
conc
gradient

 as water is lost from leaves/ stomata reducing /

setting up osmotic gradient/ water potential gradient
in plant /eq (1)

 for photosynthesis / turgor/ eq (1)

 to transport / absorb mineral ions / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(c) (ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

 (no / less) oxygen / eq (1)

 (no / less) respiration / eq (1)

 (no / less) active transport / eq (1)

 (no / less) absorption of minerals /named mineral /eq

(1)

 (no / less) nitrates for amino acids / for protein

synthesis / no magnesium for chlorophyll synthesis /
eq (1)
total 12 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a) 3
A denitrification / denitrifying (bacteria)(1)

B nitrification / nitrifying (bacteria) (1)

C nitrogen fixation / nitrogen fixing (bacteria) (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(i) 120 + 58 + 5 + 70 = 253 full marks for 2
correct answer
253 x 10 12
allow 1 for 2.53
or 253
2.53 x 1014 (2)
253 × 1012
scores 1

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(ii) 40 + 100 + 60 + 5 = 205 full 2
marks for
40 / 205 x 100 correct
answer
20% or 19.5 or 19.51 or 19.512 etc (2)
allow 1
for 205

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following: 2

 (biomass) contains proteins / amino acids / DNA / RNA

/ nucleic acids / eq (1)

 N containing compounds (1)

 produce nitrous oxides / oxides of nitrogen when

burned / eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
4(c) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following:

 (nitrous oxide is a) greenhouse gas (1)

 trap heat in atmosphere / absorbs IR not just

radiation / prevents IR radiation escaping / heats up
eq (1) earth /
atmosphere
 increases / causes global warming (1)

not just
increases
temp
total 11 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5(a) An answer that makes reference to 5 of the following 5
points.

fish caught / traditional fishing graph 1

 1 increased (in all countries) (1)

 2 increased by almost same proportion in each
country (1)

fish farming graph 2

 3 increase in farming (in all countries) (1)

 4 increased most in A (1)
 5 higher growth in C than B (1)

comparison

 6 more tonnes from farming / graph 2 than

catching in A / more tonnes from farming /
graph 2 than catching in C / less in B (1)

 7 A has the highest for both (caught and

farmed) / eq (1)

other
 8 no information on fish species / type of fish
(1)
 9 no information on sustainability / fish supply
/eq (1)
 10 data not expressed as per capita /eq (1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
5(b) An explanation that that makes reference to five of 5
the following points:

 separate different species to prevent

predation / use nets to prevent predation /
eq (1)

 separate different sizes / ages to prevent

predation / eq (1)

 feed protein rich food / feed (frequently) in not just

small quantities (to prevent accumulation of control
waste) / eq (1) diet
unqualified
 use antibiotics / fungicides to reduce disease
eq (1)

 (filter water to) remove faeces / waste /

algae / remove dead fish / eq (1)

 aerate water / use pumps to maintain not just

oxygen levels / eq (1) clean the
water
 use selective breeding / GM (to maximise unqualified
yield) /eq

total 10 marks

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
6 (a)  salt concentration / concentration must have 1
of salt (solution) /sodium chloride concentration ,
concentration / percentage percentage or water
sodium chloride / percentage salt potential
solution / water potential of
solution / eq (1) not just salt solution

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
6(b)  volume of (diluted) blood / not volume of water 1
volume of solution / time ignore amount
solution left for / concentration
of (diluted) blood sample /
concentration of blood plasma /
eq
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following 2
:

 no cells in distilled water / A / cells burst / explode /

eq (1)
 haemoglobin dissolves / eq (1)

 cells in present / cells unchanged in other B / 1% /

c? 3% /eq(1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two the following: 2

 water enters red cells in A distilled water / eq (1)

 water enters and leaves / no movement in B 1% /
eq (1)
 water leaves red cells in C 3% / eq (1)

 (due to) osmosis (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
6(d) An description that makes reference to the 2
following:

 Tube A no red cells ( layer) / no bottom layer

/ red colour throughout tube / more ‘plasma’ /
no platelets / no separation into layers / no
layers / no cell layers / eq (1)
allow
slightly
 Tube B / C normal cell layers / normal (layer) fewer red
of red cells / eq (1) cells /
smaller
layer in
C than
normal
total 8 marks
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