Model Curriculum

QP Name: Automotive Body Repair Technician

QP Code: ASC/Q1405

QP Version: 2.0

NSQF Level: 4

Model Curriculum Version: 1.0

Automotive Skill Development Council

Leela Building, 153 GF, Okhla Phase III, Okhla Industrial Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110020

1 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

 Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Training Parameters............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Program Overview ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Training Outcomes ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Compulsory Modules ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Module Details ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Module 1- Introduction to the Role of an Automotive Body Repair Technician ............................................................... 6
Bridge Module .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Module 2 - Work Effectively and Efficiently....................................................................................................................... 7
Mapped to NOS ASC/N9801 v1.0 ................................................................................................................................... 7
Module 3 - Optimize Resource Utilization ......................................................................................................................... 9
Mapped to NOS ASC/N9801 v1.0 ................................................................................................................................... 9
Module 4 - Communicate Effectively and Efficiently ....................................................................................................... 10
Mapped to NOS ASC/N9802 v1.0................................................................................................................................. 10
Module 5 - Repair/Replace Vehicle’s Non-structural Body Components........................................................................ 11
Module 6 - Perform Repairs by Cutting or Welding Sheets on the Vehicle’s Body ......................................................... 13
Annexure .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Trainer Requirements ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Assessor Requirements .................................................................................................................................................... 16
Assessment Strategy ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
References ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Glossary............................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... 19

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 Training Parameters
Sector Automotive

Sub-Sector Automotive Vehicle Service

Occupation Technical Service & Repair

Country India

NSQF Level 4

Aligned to NCO/ISCO/ISIC Code NCO-2015/7213.0301

Minimum Educational Qualification & Experience 8th Class + 1 year ITI with 2 years of
experience in Automotive Sector
OR
8th Class + 2 years ITI with 1 year of
experience in Automotive Sector
OR
10th Class with 1 Year of experience
OR
Certificate-NSQF (Automotive Body Repair
Assistant Level 3) with 2 Years of
experience

Pre-Requisite License or Training LMV Driving License

Minimum Job Entry Age 18 Years

Last Reviewed On 29/07/2021

Next Review Date 29/07/2026

NSQC Approval Date 29/07/2021

Version 2.0

Model Curriculum Creation Date 29/07/2021

Model Curriculum Valid Up to Date 29/07/2026

Model Curriculum Version 1.0

Minimum Duration of the Course 400 Hours, 0 Minutes

Maximum Duration of the Course 400 Hours, 0 Minutes

3 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

 Program Overview
This section summarizes the end objectives of the program along with its duration.

Training Outcomes
At the end of the program, the learner should have acquired the listed knowledge and skills.
• Work effectively and efficiently as per schedules and timelines.
• Implement safety practices.
• Optimize the use of resources.
• Communicate effectively using interpersonal skills.
• Identify the role, responsibilities and scope of work of an automotive body repair technician.
• Perform repairs and replacement on non-structural body panels/components of vehicles.
• Carry out repairs for the vehicle body by cutting and welding metal sheets under supervision.

Compulsory Modules
The table lists the modules and their duration corresponding to the Compulsory NOS of the QP.

NOS and Module Details Theory Practical On-the-Job On-the-Job Total

Duration Duration Training Training Duration
Duration Duration
(Mandatory) (Recommended)
Bridge Module 08:00 00:00 08:00
Module 1: Introduction to
the role of Automotive Body 08:00 0:00 - - 08:00
Repair Assistant
ASC/N9801: Organize Work
and Resources (Service)
16:00 24:00 - - 40:00
NOS Version No. 1.0
NSQF Level 4
Module 2: Work effectively 08:00 16:00 - - 24:00
and efficiently
Module 3: Optimize 08:00 08:00 - - 16:00
resource utilization
ASC/N9802: Interact
Effectively with Colleagues,
Customers and Others 16:00 24:00 - - 40:00
NOS Version No. 1.0
NSQF Level 4
Module 4: Communicate
16:00 24:00 - - 40:00
effectively and efficiently

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ASC/N1412: Carry out
repairs and replacement on
non-structural body
52:00 104:00 - - 156:00
panels or components
NOS Version No. 2.0
NSQF Level 4
Module 5 : Repair/Replace
Vehicle’s Non-structural 52:00 104:00 - - 156:00
Body Components
ASC/N1413: Carry out
repair/replacement by
cutting and welding on
structural or non-structural 52:00 104:00 - - 156:00
body panels
NOS Version No. 2.0
NSQF Level 4
Module 6 : Perform repairs
by cutting or welding sheets 52:00 128:00 - - 156:00
on the vehicle’s body
Total Duration 144:00 256:00 - - 400:00

5 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

 Module Details
Module 1- Introduction to the Role of an Automotive Body Repair Technician

Bridge Module

Terminal Outcomes:
• Identify the role, responsibilities and scope of work of an automotive body repair technician.
• Identify the importance of following process, policies, and procedures.

Duration: 08:00 Duration: 0:00

Theory – Key Learning Outcomes Practical – Key Learning Outcomes
• Describe the role and responsibilities of an
automotive body repair technician.
• List the schedules and checklists pertaining
to repairs of body panels and components.
• Explain about Automotive Industry in India,
workshop structure and role and
responsibilities of different people in the
workshop.
• Elaborate standard operating procedures
(SOPs) regarding receiving vehicles,
opening job card, allocation of work,
invoicing, vehicle delivery, handling
complaints etc.
• Describe how to work as per organisational
and professional code of ethics and
standards of practice.
• Outline the safety, health and environment
policies to be followed for the automotive
sector.
• Discuss SOPs recommended by OEM w.r.t.
repair and replacement of body panels and
components in the vehicle.
Classroom Aids:
Laptop, white board, marker, projector
Tools, Equipment and Other Requirements
PPE kit, job card, protective covers of vehicle, hand tools, welding & cutting tools and equipment,
vehicle’s body panels and components etc.

6 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Module 2 - Work Effectively and Efficiently

Mapped to NOS ASC/N9801 v1.0

Terminal Outcomes:
● Employ appropriate ways to maintain a safe and secure working environment.
● Perform work as per the quality standards.

Duration: <08:00> Duration: <16:00>

Theory – Key Learning Outcomes Practical – Key Learning Outcomes
● Outline the organizational structure to be ● Perform routine cleaning of tools, equip-
followed to report about health, safety and ment and machines.
security breaches to the concerned authori-
● Employ various techniques for checking
ties.
malfunctions in the equipment as per
● List the potential workplace related risks Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).
and hazards, their causes and preventions. ● Apply basic housekeeping practices to en-
● State the methods to keep the work area sure that the work area is clean, such as
clean and tidy. mopping spills and leaks, cleaning grease
● Discuss how to complete the given work stains etc.
within the stipulated time period. ● Demonstrate how to evacuate the work-
place in case of an emergency.
● Explain how to maintain a proper balance
between team and individual goals. ● Show how to sanitize and disinfect one's
work area regularly.
● Discuss epidemics and pandemics and their
impact on society at large. ● Demonstrate the correct way of washing
hands using soap and water.
● Discuss the significance of conforming to
basic hygiene practices such as washing ● Demonstrate the correct way of sanitizing
hands, using alcohol-based hand sanitizers. hands using alcohol-based hand rubs.
● Discuss the use of proper PPE for maintain- ● Display the correct way of wearing and re-
ing health and hygiene at workplace and moving PPE such as face masks, hand
the process of wearing/discarding them. gloves, face shields, PPE suits, etc.
● Define self-quarantine or self-isolation. ● Demonstrate appropriate social and behav-
ioural etiquette (greeting and meeting peo-
● Discuss the importance of identifying and ple, spitting/coughing/sneezing, etc.).
reporting symptoms to the concerned au-
thorities. ● Prepare a list of relevant hotline/emer-
gency numbers.
● Explain the significance of following pre-
scribed rules and guidelines during an epi-
demic or a pandemic.
● Discuss organizational hygiene and sanita-
tion guidelines and ways of reporting
breaches/gaps if any.
● Discuss the ways of dealing with stress and
anxiety during an epidemic or a pandemic.
Classroom Aids:
White board/black board marker/chalk, duster, computer or Laptop attached to LCD projector
Tools, Equipment and Other Requirements

7 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

 Personal Protection Equipment: safety glasses, head protection, rubber gloves, safety footwear,
warning signs and tapes, fire extinguisher and first aid kit
Sanitization kit, disinfectants, alcohol-based sanitizers, different types of face masks, shields, suits,
etc.

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Module 3 - Optimize Resource Utilization
Mapped to NOS ASC/N9801 v1.0

Terminal Outcomes:
● Use the resources efficiently.
● Apply conservation practices at the workplace.

Duration: <08:00> Duration: <08:00>

Theory – Key Learning Outcomes Practical – Key Learning Outcomes
● Explain the ways to optimize usage of re- ● Perform basic checks to identify any spills
sources. and leaks and that need to be plugged
● Discuss various methods of waste manage- /stopped.
ment and its disposal. ● Demonstrate different disposal techniques
● List the different categories of waste for depending upon different types of waste.
the purpose of segregation ● Employ different ways to check if equip-
● Differentiate between recyclable and non- ment/machines are functioning as per re-
recyclable waste quirements and report malfunctioning, if
observed.
● State the importance of using appropriate
colour dustbins for different types of ● Employ ways for efficient utilization of ma-
waste. terial and water
● Discuss the common sources of pollution ● Use energy efficient electrical appliances
and ways to minimize it. and devices to ensure energy conservation

Classroom Aids:
White board/black board marker/chalk, duster, computer or Laptop attached to LCD projector
Tools, Equipment and Other Requirements
Different type of waste bins to collect and segregate waste for disposal

9 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Module 4 - Communicate Effectively and Efficiently
Mapped to NOS ASC/N9802 v1.0

Terminal Outcomes:
● Use effective communication and interpersonal skills.
● Apply sensitivity while interacting with different genders and people with disabilities.

Duration: <16:00> Duration: <24:00>

Theory – Key Learning Outcomes Practical – Key Learning Outcomes
● Explain the organizational structure for • Employ different means of communication
communicating with colleagues, seniors depending upon the requirement while in-
and others. teracting with others.
● Discuss the ways to adjust the communica- • Demonstrate using new ways to maintain
tion styles to reflect sensitivity towards good relationships with colleagues and su-
gender and persons with disability (PwD). pervisor.
● Explain the importance of respecting per- • Prepare a sample report to send the work
sonal space of colleagues and customers. status to the supervisor.
● State the procedure to receive work in- • Demonstrate how to communicate with dif-
structions and report problems to the su- ferent genders and persons with disability
pervisor. (PwD) in a sensitive manner.
● List the various organizational policies and
procedures to be followed at the work-
place.
● Describe different ways to rectify com-
monly occurring errors.
● Explain the importance of complying with
the instructions/guidelines and procedures
while performing tasks related to the job
specifications.
● Discuss the importance of PwD and gender
sensitization.
Classroom Aids:

White board/black board marker/chalk, duster, computer or Laptop attached to LCD projector

Tools, Equipment and Other Requirements

Sample of escalation matrix, organisation structure.

10 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Module 5 - Repair/Replace Vehicle’s Non-structural Body Components
Mapped to NOS ASC/N1412, v2.0

Terminal Outcomes:
• Demonstrate the process of assessing damages and repair estimation under supervision.
• Perform repairing or replacement activities on non-structural panels or components

Duration: 52:00 Duration: 104:00

Theory – Key Learning Outcomes Practical – Key Learning Outcomes
• Identify different types of vehicle body and • Employ various techniques to assess the
chassis damage/defects their cause, extent of damages in the vehicle’s body and
prevention and rectification, features of report malfunctions/repairs that are
body construction and structural/non- beyond own scope to the
structural panels, characteristics of supervisor/service advisor.
common metals. • Demonstrate how to park/place the vehicle
• Discuss the job card received from the on a suitable platform as per the job
supervisor to understand repair requirements.
requirements. • Demonstrate how to collect, check and use
• Assess the extent of damage to determine the tools, equipment,
direction of impact and whether all the components/aggregates, fittings, new
damages are due to the same time and panel, spare parts, consumables or
situation. materials as required for the repair.
• Explain how to assist the supervisor/service • Perform appropriate steps using proper
advisor for visual inspection of the vehicle techniques to remove detachable parts of
and identification of the type of damages the vehicle and tag removed items for
on various parts of the body. repair, reuse and replacement.
• Describe how to prepare initial estimate by • Implement different ways to perform
listing down repair requirements, time and various OEM specific tasks during repair
replacement of consumables and other such as riveting, bonding, screwing, bolting
OEM components along with the etc.
supervisor/service advisor. • Demonstrate how to apply suitable sealers,
• Identify the nomenclature, manufacturer's foams, anti-corrosion coatings and sound
specifications of different dampening pads on the vehicle’s body parts
consumable/material and hand tools, during repair.
manual and electric dent pullers, welding • Employ suitable techniques for reinstalling
equipment etc. and vehicle parts and body non-structural removed/repaired/new
panels. panels/parts ensuring correct alignment of
• Discuss the overall functioning of various the panels and components.
types of collision repair equipment, • Implement ways for inspecting grooves,
workshop tools /materials, their usage, angles, or gap allowances of body
storage and maintenance. panels/components after repair and
• Recall the processes and procedures for reinstallation by using testing devices as per
preparing replacement panel work and manufacturer's specifications.
panel fixing positions. • Perform steps to test for water leaks in the
• Summarise the removal, replacement, body panels and ensure that the sealing or
repair, and testing procedures related to adhesion of replaced rubber seal/weather
vehicle body and frame strip or glass work activity is correct and as
per OEM recommended guidelines.

11 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

• Explain how to report any malfunctions • Implement proper waste disposal
observed in the tools/equipment/material techniques for disposing scrap of damaged
or any additional repair requirement in the parts/panels.
vehicle to the concerned person. • Employ proper procedure for returning
• Describe the importance of using proper leftover consumable/parts and
PPE and ensuring order and cleanliness in tools/equipment to the store/person
the work area to avoid any hazard or incharge and informing them about any
damage to the vehicle and its components. malfunctions.
• List the methods for removing and • Perform steps to reinstate suitable
replacing exterior and interior body parts of corrosion protection to replaced parts of
the vehicle. the vehicle’s body.
• Identify the characteristics of commonly • Demonstrate how to inspect the repaired
used glass parts such as body panel/components of the vehicle for
Tempered/Toughened glass & Laminated proper functioning and test drive vehicles
glass and plastic parts in the vehicle such as to verify proper alignment and handling.
Polypropylene (PP), Poly Carbonate (PC) in
the vehicle’s body.
• Emphasize on the importance of proper
tagging and placement of vehicle’s
removed parts securely as per
manufacturers' guidelines.
• Describe the importance for maintaining
complete documentation on the
repair/replacement job/task of the vehicle.
• Discuss how to check whether all repair
activities/tasks have been completed as per
requirements and specifications before
releasing the vehicle for the next
procedure.

Classroom Aids:
Laptop, white board, marker, projector
Tools, Equipment and Other Requirements
PPE kit, job card, protective covers of vehicle, hand tools, welding & cutting tools and equipment,
vehicle’s body panels and components etc.

12 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Module 6 - Perform Repairs by Cutting or Welding Sheets on the Vehicle’s Body
Mapped to NOS ASC/N1413, v2.0

Terminal Outcomes:
• Perform cutting and welding activities on vehicle body panels.
• Carry out post cutting and welding activities.

Duration: 52:00 Duration: 104:00

Theory – Key Learning Outcomes Practical – Key Learning Outcomes
• Discuss the job card received from the • Demonstrate how to park/place the vehicle
supervisor to understand repair on a suitable platform for performing
requirements. cutting and welding activities on the vehicle
• Explain the principles of pulling systems, body.
operation and adjustment of welding • Employ various techniques to assess the
systems used for panel repair or extent of damages in the vehicle’s body and
replacement. report malfunctions/repairs that are
• Describe the overall functioning of different beyond own scope to the concerned
types of collision repair tools/equipment person.
and materials. • Demonstrate how to collect, check and use
• Identify the workshop tools/equipment and the tools and equipment, for cutting and
materials along with their usage, storage welding job.
and maintenance procedures. • Employ suitable techniques to use
• Explain the importance of using proper PPE workshop tools/equipment (manual and
for cutting and welding activities and automated) as per OEM SOPs.
ensure order/cleanliness in the work area • Perform appropriate steps using proper
to avoid any hazard or damage to the techniques to remove detachable parts of
vehicle and its components. the vehicle and tag removed items for
• Describe how to take assistance from repair, reuse and replacement before
supervisor to perform rough pulling for commencing cutting/welding activities.
body alignment process. • Demonstrate how to cut and remove
• Discuss how to assist supervisor in damaged/dented/welded structural panels
measuring the vehicle body dimensions to with minimal disturbance to surrounding
ensure correct alignment or final panels in order to prepare the body for new
correction. panel installation.
• Emphasize on the importance of • Implement different ways to properly
maintaining complete documentation on install/replace the new panel ensuring its
the cutting/welding job/task performed on correct alignment with the vehicle body.
the vehicle’s body. • Employ appropriate welding techniques to
• Discuss how to check whether all weld new panels or panel assemblies as per
cutting/welding have been completed as OEM specifications.
per requirements and specifications before • Demonstrate how to dress weld seams
releasing the vehicle for the next using sanding/grinding operations and
procedure. apply body seam sealers for rust prevention
treatment.
• Employ suitable techniques for reinstalling
non-structural removed/repaired/new
panels/parts (internal and external)
ensuring correct alignment of the panels
and components.
• Implement proper waste disposal
techniques for disposing scrap of damage
13 | Automotive Body Repair Technician
 parts/panels used during cutting/welding
activities.
• Employ proper procedure for returning
leftover consumable/parts and
tools/equipment to the store/person
incharge and informing them about any
malfunctions, if observed.
• Demonstrate how to inspect the repaired
body panel/part of the vehicle for proper
functioning to verify proper alignment and
handling.

Classroom Aids:
Laptop, white board, marker, projector
Tools, Equipment and Other Requirements
PPE kit, job card, protective covers of vehicle, hand tools, welding & cutting tools and equipment,
vehicle’s body panels and components etc.

14 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

 Annexure
Trainer Requirements

Trainer Prerequisites
Minimum Specialization Relevant Industry Training Remarks
Educational Experience Experience
Qualification Years Specialization Years Specialization

ITI (Mechanic Automotive 2 Two/Four Wheeler 1 Two/Four NA

Motor Repair Service Wheeler
Vehicle) Service
ITI (Mechanic Automotive 3 Two/Four Wheeler NA NA NA
Motor Repair Service
Vehicle)
Diploma Automotive 1 Two/Four Wheeler 1 Two/Four NA
(Automobile Repair Service Wheeler
Engineering/ Service
Mechanical
Engineering)
Diploma Automotive 2 Two/Four Wheeler NA NA NA
(Automobile Repair Service
Engineering/
Mechanical
Engineering)
Certificate- Automotive 2 Two/Four Wheeler 1 Two/Four NA
NSQF(Two/Fo Repair Service Wheeler
ur Wheeler Service
Master
Technician)
Level-6

Trainer Certification
Domain Certification Platform Certification
Certified for Job Role: “Automotive Body Repair Recommended that the Trainer is certified for the
Technician”, QP: “ASC/Q1405”, v2.0”. Minimum Job Role: “Trainer”, “MEP/Q2601, v1.0”, Minimum
accepted score is 80% accepted score is 80%

15 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Assessor Requirements

Assessor Prerequisites
Minimum Specialization Relevant Industry Training Remarks
Educational Experience Experience
Qualification
Years Specialization Years Specialization

ITI (Mechanic Automotive 3 Two/Four Wheeler 1 Two/Four NA

Motor Repair Service Wheeler
Vehicle) Service
ITI (Mechanic Automotive 4 Two/Four Wheeler NA NA NA
Motor Repair Service
Vehicle)
Diploma Automotive 2 Two/Four Wheeler 1 Two/Four NA
(Automobile Repair Service Wheeler
Engineering/ Service
Mechanical
Engineering)
Diploma Automotive 3 Two/Four Wheeler NA NA NA
(Automobile Repair Service
Engineering/
Mechanical
Engineering)
Certificate- Automotive 3 Two/Four Wheeler 1 Two/Four NA
NSQF(Two/Fo Repair Service Wheeler
ur Wheeler Service
Master
Technician)
Level-6

Assessor Certification
Domain Certification Platform Certification
Certified for Job Role: “Automotive Body Repair Recommended that the Assessor is certified for
Technician”, QP: “ASC/Q1405”, v2.0”. Minimum the Job Role: “Assessor” “MEP/Q2701, v1.0”
accepted score is 80%

16 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Assessment Strategy

1. Assessment System Overview:

● Batches assigned to the assessment agencies for conducting the assessment on SIP or email
● Assessment agencies send the assessment confirmation to VTP/TC looping SSC
● Assessment agency deploys the ToA certified Assessor for executing the assessment
● SSC monitors the assessment process & records

2. Testing Environment – The assessor should:

● Confirm that the centre is available at the same address as mentioned on SDMS or SIP
● Check the duration of the training.
● Check the Assessment Start and End time to be as 10 a.m. and 5 p.m.
● If the batch size is more than 30, then there should be 2 Assessors.
● Check that the allotted time to the candidates to complete Theory & Practical Assessment is
correct.
● Check the mode of assessment—Online (TAB/Computer) or Offline (OMR/PP).
● Confirm the number of TABs on the ground are correct to execute the Assessment smoothly.
● Check the availability of the Lab Equipment for the particular Job Role.

3. Assessment Quality Assurance levels/Framework:

● Question papers are created by the Subject Matter Experts (SME)

● Question papers created by the SME are verified by the other subject Matter Experts
● Questions are mapped with NOS and PC
● Question papers are prepared considering that level 1 to 3 are for the unskilled & semi-skilled
individuals, and level 4 and above are for the skilled, supervisor & higher management
● Assessor must be ToA certified & trainer must be ToT Certified
● Assessment agency must follow the assessment guidelines to conduct the assessment

4. Types of evidence or evidence-gathering protocol:

● Time-stamped & geotagged reporting of the assessor from assessment location
● Centre photographs with signboards and scheme specific branding
● Biometric or manual attendance sheet (stamped by TP) of the trainees during the training pe-
riod
● Time-stamped & geotagged assessment (Theory + Viva + Practical) photographs & videos

5. Method of verification or validation:

● Surprise visit to the assessment location
● Random audit of the batch
● Random audit of any candidate

6. Method for assessment documentation, archiving, and access

● Hard copies of the documents are stored
● Soft copies of the documents & photographs of the assessment are uploaded/accessed from
Cloud Storage
● Soft copies of the documents & photographs of the assessment are stored in the Hard Drives

17 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

References

Glossary

Term Description

Declarative Declarative knowledge refers to facts, concepts and principles that need to
Knowledge be known and/or understood in order to accomplish a task or to solve a
problem.
Key Learning Key learning outcome is the statement of what a learner needs to know,
Outcome understand and be able to do in order to achieve the terminal outcomes. A
set of key learning outcomes will make up the training outcomes. Training
outcome is specified in terms of knowledge, understanding (theory) and
skills (practical application).
OJT (M) On-the-job training (Mandatory); trainees are mandated to complete
specified hours of training on site

OJT (R) On-the-job training (Recommended); trainees are recommended the

specified hours of training on site
Procedural Procedural knowledge addresses how to do something, or how to perform a
Knowledge task. It is the ability to work, or produce a tangible work output by applying
cognitive, affective or psychomotor skills.
Training Outcome Training outcome is a statement of what a learner will know, understand
and be able to do upon the completion of the training.
Terminal Outcome Terminal outcome is a statement of what a learner will know, understand
and be able to do upon the completion of a module. A set of terminal
outcomes help to achieve the training outcome.

18 | Automotive Body Repair Technician

Acronyms and Abbreviations

NOS National Occupational Standard(s)

NSQF National Skills Qualifications Framework

QP Qualifications Pack

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

PwD Persons with Disability

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

19 |Automotive Body Repair Technician