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Lab 2

This document discusses variables, data types, and operators in Python. It defines variables as reserved memory locations that store values. Variable names must start with a letter or underscore, cannot start with a number, and can contain alphanumeric characters and underscores. Variables do not need to be declared and can change type. Python has several data types including numbers, strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Operators perform arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, identity, membership, and bitwise operations on values. The document provides examples and exercises to apply these Python concepts.

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Laraib shahzad
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34 views

Lab 2

This document discusses variables, data types, and operators in Python. It defines variables as reserved memory locations that store values. Variable names must start with a letter or underscore, cannot start with a number, and can contain alphanumeric characters and underscores. Variables do not need to be declared and can change type. Python has several data types including numbers, strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Operators perform arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, identity, membership, and bitwise operations on values. The document provides examples and exercises to apply these Python concepts.

Uploaded by

Laraib shahzad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

LABORATORY EXERCISE 2
VARIABLES AND OPERATORS
OBJECTIVE
Implement different type of data types, variables and operators used in Python.

THEORY

Variable
Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that
when you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.

Rules for constructing variable names


A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age,carname,
total volume). Rules for Python variables:

• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character


• A variable name cannot start with number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9,
and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)

Example
x= 5
y= "John"
print(x)
print (y)

Output:
>>> %Run task1.py
5
John

Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type and can even change type after
they have been set.

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

Example:
x= 4
x= "Sally"
print(x)

Output:
>>> %Run task2.py
Sally

Assign Value to Multiple Variables


Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line

Example:
x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Output:
>>> %Run task3.py
Orange
Banana
Cherry

To combine both text and a variable, Python uses the + character

Example:
x= "awesome"
print("Python is " , x)

Output:
>>> %Run task4.py
Python is awesome

Python Keywords
Keywords are the words whose meaning have already been explained to the Python
compiler. The keywords cannot be used as variable names,function name or any
identifier because if we do so we are trying to assign a new meaning to the keyword,
which is not allowed by the computer. Keywords are also called ‘Reserved words’.
Some keywords are as follows:

false class finally is return none continue for try break


true def for from while and del not with as
elif if or except in raise yield

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

Data Types
Data types specify how we enter data into our programs and what type of data we enter.
Python Data Types are used to define the type of a variable.
Python has five standard data types −
• Numbers (int,float)
• String
• List
• Tuple
• Dictionary

You can get the data type of any object by using the “type( )” function.

Operators
Operators are special symbols in Python that carry out arithmetic or logical
computation
Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmeticoperators
• Assignmentoperators
• Comparisonoperators
• Logicaloperators
• Identityoperators
• Membershipoperators
• Bitwiseoperators

Python Arithmetic Operators


Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical
operations:
Operator Name Example
+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor division x // y

Python Relational Operators


Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
Operator Name Example
== Equal x==y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

Python Logical Operators


Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
Operator Name Example
and Return True if both statements are true x < 5 and x < 10
or Return True if one of the statements is x < 5 or x < 4
true
not Reverse the result, returns False if the not (x<5 and x< 10)
result is true

EXERCISE
A. Point out the errors, if any, in the following Pythonstatements.

1.x=5:
Print(x)
OUTPUT:

2. 1TEXT = "SSUET"
NUMBER = 1
print(NUMBER+ TEXT)

OUTPUT:

3. a = b = 3 = 4

OUTPUT:

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

B. Evaluate the operation in each of the following statements, and show the
resultant value after each statement isexecuted.

1. a = 2 % 2 + 2 * 2 - 2 /2;
OUTPUT:

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

2. b = 3 / 2 + 5 * 4 / 3 ;

3. c = b = a = 3 + 4 ;

C. Write the following Python programs:

1. Write program that calculates area of a circle𝐴=𝜋𝑟 2 . (Consider r =50).


SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:

2. Write a program that performs the following four operations and prints their result on
the screen.
a. 50 +4
b. 50 – 4
c. 50 *4
d. 50 / 4
SOURCE CODE:

OUTCOME:

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

3. Write a Python program to convert height (in feet and inches) to centimeters.
Convert height of 5 feet 2 inches to centimeters.
• First, convert 5 feet to inches: 5 feet × 12 inches/foot = 60inches
• Add up our inches: 60 + 2 = 62inches
• Convert inches to cm: 62 inches × 2.54 cm/inch = 157.48cm

SOURCE CODE:

OUTPUT:

4. Write a program to compute distance between two points by creating variables


(Pythagorean Theorem)
Distance =((x2−x1)^2+(y2−y1)^2)^1/2

SOURCE CODE:

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY
Software Development (MCS-203L) SSUET/QR/114

OUTPUT:

NAME: Laraib Shahzad ROLL NO.:20fbmcs-004


SIRSYED UNIVERSTY OF NGEENIRING AND TECHNOLOGY

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