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Matter
POINTS TO REMEMBER

1. Horse, mango tree, dog, animals, plants are living, while stone, pen, glass, water,
book, table, air are non-living.
2. All the above mentioned things living and non-living are matter.
3. Energies like light, sound, heat are not matter, as these have no mass.
4. Matter : “Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter.” Matter
(mass) remains same at all places.
5. Molecules of matter are in motion.
6. The things which are similar in one or more ways are grouped together and this
practice is classification.
7. There are inter-molecular gaps (spaces) and inter-molecular attraction (force of

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attraction) between molecules.
8. Solids are rigid, have definite volume, retain their shape and are incompressible.

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9. Liquids can flow, have definite vol., have no definite shape. Have only one free

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surface.

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10. Gases Have no definite volume, no definite shape can flow are compressible.

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11. Inter-molecular force : Solids > Liquids > Gases.
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12. Inter-molecular volume : Solids < Liquids < Gases.
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Activity 1
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Question 1.
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List five substances made using each of the following materials:

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Answer:
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1. Wood : Chair
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2. Paper : Book
3. Plastic : Bucket
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4. Metals : Copper wire

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5. Leather : Shoes
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6. Cloth : Shirt or bag

EXERCISE- I

Question 1.
Define matter.
Answer:
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter.

Question 2.
What are the two main types of matter? Give two examples for each type.
Answer:
The two main types of matter are :

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1. Living matter: The earth is home to all kinds of plants and animals. They can
grow, move and reproduce on their own. Examples : Plant, lotus, animals, human
etc.
2. Non-living matter : Most of the matter in the universe is non-living. It means that
it does not grow, move or reproduce on its own. It can be natural or man made.

(a) Natural matter: It occurs in nature and can be used to make more useful
substances, e.g., wood, coal, silk, water, stone, cotton, jute, cereals, fruits, etc.
(b) Man-made matter : It is produce artificially from natural matter, e.g., plastics, soaps,
detergents, medicines, glass, nylon, steel, ceramic, etc.

Question 3.
Differentiate between living and non-living matter.

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Answer:
Living matter:

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1. The earth is home to all kinds of plants and animals. They can grow, move and

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reproduce on their own.

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2. It is natural only.
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Non-living matter:
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1. Most of the matter in the universe is non-living. It means that it does not grow,
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move or reproduce on its own.

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2. It can be natural or man made.

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Question 4.
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Select natural and man made matter from the following

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list: Wood, plastic, silk, medicines, detergents, coal, water, ceramic, cotton, glass,
nylon, fruits.
s:
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Answer:
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Natural matter: Wood, silk, coal, water, fruits.

Man made matter: Plastic, medicines, detergents, ceramic, cotton, glass, nylon.

EXERCISE-II

Question 1.
Name the smallest particle from which matter is made up.
Answer:
The smallest particle from which matter is made up is atom.

Question 2.
What are molecules?

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Answer:
Molecules are the smallest unit of matter. They exhibit all the properties of that kind of
matter and is capable of independent existence.

Question 3.
Give one difference between atoms and molecules.
Answer:
Atoms may or may not have independent existance. While molecules have independent
existence.

Question 4.
Define:

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(a) Intermodular force of attraction.
(b) Intermodular space.

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Answer:

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(a) The molecules of matter are always in motion and attract each other with a force,

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and this force is called intermodular force of attraction due to which they are held
together. lu
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(b) The molecules can move only when there are gaps or space between them, this
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space is called intermodular space.

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Question 5.
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Name the three states of matter and define them.

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Answer:
The three states of matter are :
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1. Solid State
2. Liquids
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3. Gases :
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Solid State : The molecules are very close to each other hence intermodular spaces
are small and intermodular force is strong.

Hence solids have definite volume, rigid, retain definite shape and are incompressible.
Liquids : The molecules are less closely packed have more intermolecular spaces than
solid, less stronger forces than solids.

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Hence liquids have definite volume but no definite shape. They take the shape of
container in which they are put.

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Gases : The molecules in the gases are far apart with weakest force of attraction.

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Hence gases have neither definite volume nor definite shape but easily compressible.
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Question 6.
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What are fluids ? Give two examples

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Answer:
Substances that can flow are called fluids. Both gases and liquids are fluids, e.g. gases
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(carbon dioxide, hydrogen), liquids (water, petrol and sulphuric acid).

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Question 7.
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Classify the following into solids, liquids and gases.

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Oxygen, milk, common salt, wax, stone, L.P.G, carbon- dioxide, sugar, mercury,
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coal, blood, butter, copper, coconut oil, kerosene.

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Answer:
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Question 8.
Give reasons

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(a) Liquids and gases flow but solids do not ?

(b) A gas Alls up the space available to it.
(c) The odour of scent spreads in a room.
(d) We can walk through air.
(e) Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape.
(f) When a teaspoon of sugar is added to half a glass of water and stirred, the
water level in the glass remains unchanged.
(g) When an empty gas jar is inverted over a gas jar containing a coloured gas,
the gas also spreads into the empty jar.
(h) A red ink drop added to small amount of water in a glass turns the water red in
some time.

Answer:

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(a) The molecules of liquids and gases are far apart i.e. have more gaps, intermolecular
attraction force is very less as compared to solids, hence liquids and gases can flow but

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solids do not as gaps*in solid molecules is less and molecular force of attraction very

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strong.
(b) Intermolecular force of attraction is least and intermolecular spaces are very large,

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hence gases can fill up the space available to them.

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(c) Scent fumes (molecules) being gases fill the spaces between air molecules and the
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molecules of air fill the spaces between scent molecules due to diffusion, fumes spread
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into a room.
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OR
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Due to inter-mixing of scent molecules and air molecules, scent fumes spread into the
room.
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(d) The molecules of air are far apart i.e. large gaps and we can walk through air easily.
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(e) The molecules of liquid are loosely packed and intermolecular force of attraction is
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small but number of molecules in it remain the same. Hence liquids have definite
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volume but no definite shape.

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(f) When a teaspoon of sugar is added to half a glass of water and stirred, the water
level in the glass remains unchanged because the sugar particles are adjusted between
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the water molecules as inter-molecular gaps are more in liquids.

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(g) This is because Gases can diffuse or flow in all directions.

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(h) When we put a drop of red ink in a glass of water, its particles diffuse with particles
of water slowly but continuously and the water turns red.

Question 9.
Define:
(a) cohesive force
(b) diffusion
(c) Brownian movement

Answer:
(a) Cohesive force : The force of attraction between particles of the same substance is
called cohesive force.

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(b) Diffusion: The phenomenon of intermixing of particles of one kind with another kind
is called diffusion.
(c) Brownian movement: The zig-zag motion of particles suspended in a medium is
called Brownian movement

Question 10.
Why is an egg kicked out of a bottle when air is blown inside the bottle?
Answer:
When we invert the bottle and blow air into the bottle throw the side opening. It creates
high pressure inside the bottles and the egg is kicked out of the bottle.

EXERCISE-III

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Question 1.

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State the three effects of heat on matter.

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Answer:
When a substance is heated, it can cause.

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1. Interconversion of states of matter.
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2. Thermal expansion of the substance.
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3. Chemical change.
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Question 2.
(a) Define : interconversion of states of matter.
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(b) What are the two conditions for the interconversion of states of matter ?
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Answer:
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(a) The process by which matter changes from one state to another and back to original
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state, without any change in its chemical composition.

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(b) Two conditions are :

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1. Change in temperature
2. By applying pressure

Question 3.
Define the following terms:
(a) Fusion
(b) Vaporisation
(c) Condensation
(d) Sublimation
(e) Diffusion
(f) Melting point
(g) Boiling point
(h) Liquefaction

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Answer:
(a) Fusion : The heating process by which a solid changes into the liquid state is called
fusion.
(b) Vaporisation : The heating process by which a liquid changes into its vapour state
is called vaporisation.
(c) Condensation : The process by which a substance in gaseous state changes into
its liquid state is called condensation.
(d) Sublimation: The change of solid on heating to vapours directly and vice-versa
without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.

(e) Diffusion : The phenomenon of intermixing or spreading of gaseous molecules is

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called diffusion.
(f) Melting point: The fixed temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at a

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given pressure is called its melting point. The temperature remains constant as long as

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the conversion is going on.

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(g) Boiling point: The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts changing into gaseous

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state is called its boiling point. The temperature remains constant till the whole of the
liquid changes into gaseous state.
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(h) Liquefaction : Change of vapours on cooling to liquid is called liquefaction.
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Question 4.
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Differentiate between:
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(a) Solidification and condensation

(b) Melting and boiling
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(c) Gas and vapour

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(d) Miscible and immiscible liquids.

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Answer:
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(a) Solidification : The process of changing liquid into a solid state by cooling is known
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as solidification.
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Example : water → ice.

Condensation : The process of changing a gas or vapour state to a liquid state by
cooling is known as condensation. Example : steam → water.
(b) Melting : The fixed temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at a given
pressure is called its melting point.
e.g. ice → water.
Boiling : The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts changing into gaseous state is
called its boiling point.
e.g. water → steam.
(c) Vapourisation : The process by which a substance changes from a liquid state to
vapour state is called vaporisation or evaporation.
e.g., Water changes into gaseous state on heating.
Gas : The substance which remain in the gaseous state under normal conditions of

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temperature and pressure are called gases.

e.g, Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen.
(d) Miscible: Liquids which mix with each other are called miscible liquids. Example :
Water and alcohol.
Immiscible liquids : Liquids which do not mix with each other are called immiscible
liquids. Example Water and oil.

Question 5.
Give reasons :
(a) How is interconversion of states of matter different from chemical reaction ?
(b) Why a solid does not flow, but a liquid flows ?
Answer:
(a) During interconversion of state of matter composition
of substance remains the same matter changes from one state to another and back to

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the original state, while chemical reaction involves re-arrangement of the molecular

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structure and composition changes.

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(b) In solids there is a strong force of attraction between the molecules and the space
between them is very negligible. The molecules are therefore, not free to move. They

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merely vibrate about their mean positions. But in the case of liquids, the molecules are

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not very closely packed. They do not attract each other as strongly as the molecules of
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solids. Thus, the intermolecular spaces are larger and the molecules are able to move
about more freely. This makes a liquid flow.
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Question 6.
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How does a liquid changes into its gaseous state? Explain ?

Answer:
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As a liquid is heated, its particles starts gaining energy and move more vigorously which
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increases the gaps between the particles and decreasing the force of attraction.
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Ultimately a liquid changes into gaseous state.

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s:

Question 7.
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Water cycle is an example of interconversion of states of water. Explain.

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Answer:
Water from oceans, rivers, lakes from leaves of trees (transpiration) changes into
vapours when temperature increases or evaporates and enters the atomsphere as
clouds when temperature falls the vapours change into water and some of it in the form
of snow fall on mountains and earth in the form of water and hales and this continues.
Thus water cycle is example of interconvertion of states of water.

Question 8.
What happens to a metal ball when it is heated? What does this show?
Answer:
When metal ball is heated, it expands. This can be proved by following experiment:
Take a metallic ring and ball. Try to pass the metal ball through the ring. The ball is able
to pass through the ring. Now heat the metal ball for 5-6 minutes. The hot ball is not be

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able to pass through the ring.

This shows that a solid expands on heating. Now cool the ball, it again passes through
the ring. This shows that a solid contacts on cooling.

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Question 9.

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Why does a candle become smaller on burning with time?

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Answer:

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On heating, candle wax melts, then turns into vapour which reacts with air to produce
two new substances, carbondioxide and water. lu
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Therefore a candle on burning becomes smaller and smaller and the part of wax which
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has undergone chemical change cannot be recovered.

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OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

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Question 1.
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Fill in the blanks :

(a) Water is a matter because it has mass and occupies space.

(b) Any matter which has a definite volume but no definite shape is called a liquid.
(c) Liquids and gases can flow.
(d) The molecules are at a greater distance in gases compared to liquids.
(e) Water boils at 100 °C.
(f) The physical state of a substance, which has neither fixed volume nor fixed shape is
a gas.

Question 2.
Write whether the following statements are true or false.

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(a) Only water can exist in three different states.

(b) If the container in which a gas is collected has an opening, the gas will flow
out and spread itself indefinitely.
(c) Solids have the larg^* inter-molecular space.
(d) There is no difference between evaporation and boiling.
(e) All solids, on heating, first change to the liquid and then to the gaseous state

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always.
(f) The intermolecular force of attraction is the weakest in gases.

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(g) A gas has no free surface.

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Answer:

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(a) True so
(b) True
(c) False
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Correct: Solids have the very small (negligible) inter-molecular space.

(d) False
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Correct : There is a difference between evaporation and boiling.

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(e) False
Correct : Few solids, on heating, first change to the liquid and then to the gaseous state
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always.
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(f) True
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(g) True
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s:

Question 3.
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For each of the following statements, say whether it describes a solid, a liquid or
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a gas.

(a) Particles move about very quickly but do not leave the surface : Liquid
(b) Particles are quite close together : Solid
(c) Particles are far apart and move in all directions : Gas

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Question 4.
Match the following :

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ns
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ce
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Question 5.
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Name the phenomenon which causes the following changes:

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(a) Formation of water vapour from water.

(b) Disappearance of camphor when exposed to air.
s:

(c) Conversion of ice into water.

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(d) Conversion of water into steam.

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Answer:
(a) Formation of water vapour from water is vaporisation.
(b) Disappearance of camphor is sublimation.
(c) Conversion of ice into water is melting.
(d) Conversion of water into steam is boiling.

Question 6.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Substances which sublime.
(b) Substances which do not change their states.
(c) Substances which are rigid and not compressible.

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Answer:
(a) Naphthalene, camphor, dry ice.
(b) Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
(c) Glass, stone, pen.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which one is a kind of matter :

(a) light
(b) petroleum
(c) sound
(d) heat

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2. the state of matter which has no definite shape or volume is called
(a) solid

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(b) liquid

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(c) gas

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(d) water so
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3. There are large intermolecular gaps in
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(a) water
(b) iron ball
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(c) common salt ..

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(d) air
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4. All kinds of matter

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(a) occupy space and have a definite mass

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(b) have mass and a definite shape

(c) can change their states
s:

(d) have a definite volume

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ht

5. A kind of matter which can sublime is

(a) water
(b) plastic
(c) milk
(d) iodine

6. A substance which can change its state

(a) wood
(b) oxygen
(c) paper
(d) cloth

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7. The process by which a solid changes into a liquid is called

(a) freezing
(b) melting
(c) condensation
(d) evaporation

PROJECT

Question 1.
Fill the following chart showing twelve solids, twelve liquids, four gases and eight
materials.
Answer:

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Solids : (1) Mobile. (2) Pen. (3) Pair of shoes. (4) A T.V. set (5) Chair. (6) Telephone.
(7) Remote control. (8) Wood. (9) Ornaments. (10) Scissors. (11) Eraser. (12) Mirror.

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Liquids : (1) Ink. (2) Water. (3) Lemon juice. (4) Cough syrup. (5) Mouth wash. (6)

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Petrol. (7) Kerosene oil. (8) Spirit. (9) Thinner. (10) Mercury. (11) Milk. (12) Copper
sulphate solution.

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Gases : (1) Hydrogen. (2) Oxygen. (3) Sulphur dioxide. (4) Chlorine gas.

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Materials : (1) Paper. (2) Wood. (3) Iron nails. (4) Cement. (5) Tiles. (6) Plaster of paris.
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(6) Sand. (7) Iron rods. (8) Bricks.
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Question 2.
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Think and try to find a way to demonstrate water cycle in class.

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Answer:
Do it yourself.
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Question 3.
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To identify materials of common use

Procedure – Just move around in your house – in the drawing room, sitting room,
s:

bedroom, kitchen, bathroom etc.

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Identify the things and All in the blanks in the table given below:
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 Study room
 Drawing room
 Kitchen
 bathroom
 another place

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S.No. Place Name of the thing Material used for making the
thing
Study room
Drawing room
Kitchen
bathroom
Any other place

Answer:

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S.No. Place Name of the thing Material used for making the

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thing

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1. Study room Table, chair, books pens, Wood, plastic, paper, glass,

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pencils, table lamp, computer, bakelite, connecting wires
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fan made of metal and plastics
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2. Drawing room Sofa, table, chairs, fan, Wood, cloth, coir, paint,
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curtains, windows etc. plastics, aluminium, glass etc.

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3. Kitchen Taps, wash basin, cupboards, Steel, aluminium, glass, china

utencils, heating vessels clay, iron, plastic, copper,
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strainer, containers aqua pure stainless steel, brass etc.

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etc.
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4. Bathroom Taps, tubs, mugs, tooth brush, Iron, brass, stainless steel,
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tooth paste, soap, pail etc. plastics etc.

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5. Any other place Scooter, car, road, rooms, Iron, rubber, coaltar, bricks,
trucks, shops. wood, plastics, clothes.
s:
tp
ht

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

Exercise

Question 1.
Explain the term ‘matter’. One kind of matter can be distinguished from another
by its physical properties and chemical properties. State the main physical
properties of matter.
Answer:
Matter is the basic substance of which all materials are made of
Physical Properties— They are those properties which include state, colour, odour,
density etc.
Chemical Properties— They are properties which include reactions of different

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materials with different chemical.

Physical Properties of Matter are :

Colour : All matter an be distinguished by their varied- colours.

Odour : Matter shows variation in odour or smell.

Solubility : Matter may vary in solubulity in water or other solvents.

Melting & Boiling Points : Substances variation in their melting and boiling points.

Question 2.

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The three main states of matter are solids, liquids and gases. Compare the three

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states with reference to the following characteristics of matter

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(a) volume
(b) shape

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(c) compressibility

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(d) diffusion. so
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Answer:
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s:
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Question 3.
Matter in any state is composed of particles. Compare the three states of matter
Le. solids, liquids and gases with reference to :
(a) intermolecular space
(b) intermolecular force of attraction

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(c) movement of particles

Answer:

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Question 4.

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Describe simple experiments to prove that – solids

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(a) occupy space

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(b) have mass

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(c) have a definite volume so
Answer:
(a) occupy space : solid-occupies space
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‘A’-A measuring cylinder is filled with water to a particular mark- ‘A’.

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‘B’-A piece of wooden block- is immersed inside the measuring cylinder. The water
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level rises up. .

‘C’-On removal of the block- the water level in the measuring cylinder falls down back
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to the mark- ‘A’

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Conclusion : The block pushes the water out and occupies its space, hence all solids
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occupy space.
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//w
s:
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(b) Have mass – A solid has mass

A : A simple scale – is taken, as shown below
B : A solid is placed – on one side of the scale, causes the scale tilts towards one
side.
Conclusion – The scale tilts due to the mass of the solid, hence all solids have mass.

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(c) Have a definite volume : A solid placed in any container filled with water displace
the same amount of water.
Conclusion : Solid displace water and retain their own volume, hence all solids have a

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definite volume.

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ns
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k so
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Question 5.
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Describe simple experiments to prove that – liquids

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(a) have mass

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(b) have a definite volume

s:

(c) have no definite shape

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Answer:
(a) have mass a liquid occupies mass
Experiment : A liquid placed on one side of the scale, causes the scale to tilt towards
one side.
Conclusion : The scale tilts due to the mass of the liquid, hence all liquids have mass.

(b) have a definite volume

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Experiment : A liquid in a measuring cylinder can be poured into any container. The
volume of liquid in the container, is the same as that in the measuring cylinder.
Observation : The volume of liquid in the container, is the same as that in the
measuring cylinder. Hence, all liquids have a definite volume.

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(c) have no definite shape
Experiment : A liquid poured into any container takes up the shape of each container.

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Conclusion : All liquids have no definite shape.

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lu
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Question 6.
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Describe simple experiments to prove that – gases

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(a) occupy space

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(b) have mass

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(c) have no definite volume or shape

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Answer:
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(a) occupy space

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Experiment
‘A’ – A glass beaker or bowl is half filled with water.
‘B’ – An empty glass tumbler [which of course contains air] is inverted an lowered inside
it.
‘C’ – On tilting the tumbler, air is displaced and bubbles are seen coming out.
Conclusion : Air or gases occupy space.

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(b) Have mass

Experiment
An inflated balloon placed on one side of the scale causes it to tilt towards one side.
Conclusion : The scale tilts due to the mass of the gas, hence all gases have mass.

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(c) Have no definite volume or shape

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Experiment

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A gas takes up the volume of any enclosed space filling it up completely.
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Conclusion : Gases take up any volume and hence all gases have no definite volume.
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Question 7.
Explain the term ‘Intercon version of matter’. With reference to ice, water and
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water vapour show diagrammatically the change of state of matter from solid to
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liquid to gaseous and back to original state.

Answer:
INTERCONVERSION OF MATTER :
“Change of state of matter from one state to another state and back to its original state
is called inter-conversion of matter.” The diagram showing the Change of State of
Matter :

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(a) ICE TO WATER (MELTING) : Conversion of a solid into a liquid on heating e.g. ice

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to water.

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(b) WATER TO WATER VAPOUR (VAPORISATION): Conversion of a – liquid into

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vapours (or gas) on heating e.g. water to water vapour.
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(c) WATER VAPOUR TO WATER (LIQUEFACTION or CONDENSATION)
: Conversion of VAPOUR (or gas) into a LIQUID on cooling e.g. water vapour to water.
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(d) WATER TO ICE (SOLIDIFICATION OR FREEZING) : Conversion of a LIQUID into

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a SOLID e.g. water to ice.

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Question 8.
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Explain the terms

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(a) melting
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(b) vaporization
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(c) condensation
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(d) freezing
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(e) melting point

(f) boiling point.

Answer:
Matter can change from solid to liquid to gaseous state and back to solid state. This is
called change of state of matter.
(a) Melting— The process of conversion of a solid into liquid on heating.
e.g. Ice to water.
(b) Vaporization— The process of conversion of a liquid into vapour on heating.
e.g. Water to water vapour.
(c) Condensation— The process of conversion of vapour into a liquid.
e.g. Water vapour to water.
(d) Freezing— The process of conversion of a liquid into a solid.

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e.g. Water to ice.

(e) Melting point— The constant temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid.
M.P. of ice – 0°C.
(f) Boiling point— The constant temperature at which a liquid starts boiling.
B.P. of water – 100°C.

Question 9.
State what would you observe if (a) sugar is added to pebbles take in a plastic
beaker (b) sand is added to glass balls in a beaker. What would you conclude
from this imaginative demonstration.
Answer:
Experiment : Add sugar to pebbles taken in a plastic beaker or sand to glass balls in a

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beaker.
Observation : The sugar or the sand goes into the space between the pebbles & the

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glass balls respectively.

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Conclusion : An imaginative demonstration to show that intermolecular spaces

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between particles are occupied easily.

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Question 10.
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With the help of a simple diagram how would you show that – solids expand on
heating
Answer:
Solids expand on heating can be shown by two different experiments. The experiments
are :

Experiment A : An iron bar is taken and its length measured accurately.

The iron bar is then slowly heated for a certain period of time & measured accurately
[with a vernier calipers or otherwise]

Observation : It is observed that the iron bar has increased in length on heating.

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Experiment B : A simple ball & ring apparatus is taken, which consists of a metal ball
which can just pass through the circular metal ring. The metal ball is then heated for a
certain period of time.

Observation : After heating, the metal ball does not pass through the ring, since on
heating it has expanded in size and hence cannot pass through the ring.

Conclusion : All solids expand on heating.

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Question 11.
Give reasons for the following :
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(a) Solids have a definite shape and are highly rigid while gases have to definite
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shape and are least rigid.

(b) Sugar can be distinguished from talcum powder using water.
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(c) Water on freezing turns into ice.

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(d) A bottle of perfume on opening evolves an odour which can be sensed over a
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long distance.
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Answer:
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(a) Solids have very closely packed atoms with minimum spaces between them while
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gases have atoms which are for apart with maximum spaces between them. Solids
have a definite shape and are highly rigid while gases have no definite shape and are
least rigid.
(b) Sugar is soluble in water whereas talcum powder is not.
(c) Every pure substance has a fired melting point or boiling point.
(d) A bottle of perfume on opening evolves an odour because gases diffuse very easily
and odour spreads over a large distance.

Question 12.
Complete the statements given below by selecting the correct word/s.
(a) Solids and liquids have a definite but ____ gases do not. [mass, shape,
volume]
(b) The space between atoms in is maximum while in ____ is minimum, [solids,

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liquids, gases]
(c) Conversation of a vapour into a liquid is called ____ . [vaporization,
condensation, freezing]
(d) ____ is an example of a crystalline substance . [wax, sugar, tea]

Answer:
(a) Solids and liquids have a definite volume but gases do not.
(b) The space between atoms in gases is maximum while in solids is minimum.
(c) Conversation of a vapour into a liquid is called condensation.
(d) Wax, sugar is an example of a crystalline substance.

Question 13.
State which of the following statements are false. If false write the correct

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statement.

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(a) Solids are highly compressible and rigid.
Ans. True.

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(b) Atoms/molecules in gases move only about their own positions.
Ans. False. Atoms/molecules in gases move every where.
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(c) The conversion of water to ice is called freezing.

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Ans. True.
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Objective Type Questions

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Question 1.
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Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s from the bracket.
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1. From the three states of matter, _____ (solids / liquids / gases) expand the
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least.
2. Brownian movement is maximum in ____ (gases / solids / liquids).
3. Cohesive forces are negligible in ____ (liquids / solids / gases)
4. Matter can change from one state to another by change in ____ [temperature or
pressure /temperature only].
5. The space between atoms’ [molecules] of solids is ____ [minimum /
maximum].
6. Intermingling of molecules is called ____ [perforation / diffusion].
7. Ice on absorption of heat converts to ‘X’ a process called ____ [vaporization /
melting]. ‘X’ changes to water vapour on ____ [heating / cooling]. Water vapour
changes back to ‘X’ on ____ [freezing / condensation]. The constant temperature
at which ice changes into ‘X’ is called its ____ [fusion point / melting point /
boiling point].

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Answer:
1. From the three states of matter, solids expand the least.
2. Brownian movement is maximum in gases.
3. Cohesive forces are negligible in gases.
4. Matter can change from one state to another by change in temperature or pressure.
5. The space between atoms [molecules] of solids is minimum.
6. Intermingling of molecules is called diffusion.
7. Ice on absorption of heat converts to ‘X’ a process called melting. ‘X’ changes to
water vapour onheating. Water vapour changes back to ‘X’ on condensation. The
constant temperature at which ice changes into ‘X’ is called its fusion point.

Question 2.
State which of the following are physical properties of a substance.

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1. Chlorine gas has a – strong irritating odour.

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Ans. Physical.

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2. Sodium nitrate is soluble in water, but calcium carbonate is not.
Ans. Physical.
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3. Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, liberating hydrogen gas.

Ans. Chemical.
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4. Manganese dioxide, a catalyst which alters the rate of a chemical reaction is

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black in colour.
Ans. Chemical.
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5. The melting point of ice is 0°C.

Ans .Physical.
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6. Lead chloride reacts with barium sulphate to give a white precipitate of lead
sulphate.
Ans. Chemical.

7. Water acidified with dilute sulphuric acid is a good conductor of electricity.

Ans. Physical.

8. Naphthalene on heating directly turns into vapour.

Ans. Chemistry.

9. Hydrogen sulphide gas has a strong rotten egg odour.

Ans. Physical.

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10. Sulphur is a yellow amorphous powder insoluble in water.

Ans. Physical.

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Question 3.
Match the characteristics of the three states of matter in List I with their correct

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answer from List II.

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Answer:

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Question 4.
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Match the arrangement of atoms in the three states of matter in List I with the
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correct state in List II.

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Answer:

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Question 5.
State the correct term from A, B, C, D, E or F in List II which represents the

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change of state of matter or its relevant property from List I.

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Answer:
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