17/06/2016
Dr. Rakesh
e-mail-- [email protected]
Scope and advantages
• Poultry meat is an important source of high
quality proteins, minerals and vitamins
• Poultry farming requires less area
• Rearing period is short : 5- 6 wks.
• Broilers have high feed conversion efficiency.
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Scope and advantages ……
• Good source of income to the family, can
provide subsidiary income and also a source of
gainful employment to others.
• Poultry manure is of high fertilizer value, used
for increasing yields of crops.
Scope and advantages ……
• Faster turnover from the investment.
• Nigeria is far from meeting domestic demand
for poultry products and demand for poultry
meat is on the increase day by day, hence
there is need for more production
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What are farmer’s goals???
Profitable farming !!
Good productivity !!
Farmer’s objectives
• High livability (Low mortality)
• High average live body weight
• High uniformity % of the flock
• Fast Maturity
• Efficient feed conversion.
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3 Keys to achieve our goals
• Good Management
• Quality Nutrition ( Feed)
• High performing Breed
Quality Nutrition
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Just 5-6 weeks journey…….
Poultry House/Pen
• Direction: East to West In Length
• Width: Maximum of 30 Ft
• Side wall: 1 block height Or None
At all
• Space required: 1.2 Sq.ft per bird
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Side wall
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Feeders and Drinkers Requirement
• Chick drinker: 1 per 50 birds
• Chick feeder plate: 1 per 50 birds
• Adult feeder: 1 per 50 birds
• Auto drinker: 1 per 50 birds
Chick drinker with adjustable
stand
Feeders and Auto Drinkers in
alternation
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Broiler performance goal
Cumulative
Wk No. Feed g B wt. g FCR Mort. %
1 161 182 0.88 1
2 523 455 1.14 1.5
3 1149 874 1.31 2
4 2065 1412 1.46 2.5
5 3248 2021 1.6 3
6 4644 2652 1.75 3.5
Brooding Management…
Brooding is
to provides a
comfortable and
healthy
environment for
the chicks to
have a good
start.
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Brooding Objectives
• To make the chicks adapt to external
environment.
• To attain minimum of 180 g body
weight in the first week
• Low Mortality
• Uniform flock size
Space Management
Age (in days) Space/chick (sq.ft)
0-3 0.25
4-7 0.25-0.30
8-14 0.30-0.45
15-21 0.45-0.60
22 Onwards Full Space
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• Tent brooding is done by placing ceiling curtain
at 5 - 6 ft height
• Cross curtains on sides and two side curtains
at the inner side
apart from regular side curtains-It should be
air-tight
• Tent brooding should cover 33 % of the total
space required for the all birds.
Tent brooding arrangement
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• Round brooding to accommodate 350 chicks
( 0.25 sq ft/ chick) is made with 42 ft length
brooding guard
• A 100 watts bulb/CFL /tube light to be hanged
above the guard for the chicks to consume more
water & feed.
• A Hygrometer in working condition has to be
hanged one feet height above the ground level.
• Spread 3'' litter material for chicks to get better
insulation from the floor.
During brooding, provide air tight tent to
maintain desired temperature inside the shed.
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6 hours before arrival of chicks, set the heaters in brooding area so as
to maintain the temperature of entire brooding area at 88°F
Arrangement of Brooder before
Chicks arrival
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Arrangement of Brooder before
Chicks arrival
• Spread newspaper over the entire brooding area
• Switch on the heating source- gas brooder or coal pot or
electrical heater to pre-heat the brooding area 6 hours
prior to chicks arrival.
• Fill drinkers with sanitized water before chick arrival so that
the water gets warm at a temp. between 72°F -77°F
• Maintain temperature & humidity throughout the day.
Contd…
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• Its mandatory for first 3 days
• Supplement the paper feeding with drinker
feeding, chick feeders & plate feeders.
• Arrange the feeders and drinkers for easy
access to chicks.
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• From 4th day onwards maintain the ratio of
1feeder / 50 chicks, 1 chick drinker/50 chicks.
• Additional care should be taken during early
hours (like 3a.m), when water & feed served
likely to finished.
• Expansion of space, withdrawal of heat, chick
drinker & feeder etc. should be gradual and
not in a sudden manner.
Ensuring Feed and water intake
Ensure 85% crop fill in
first 8 hrs &
100% crop fill in 24
hours of chicks
placement.
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Check the nature of the Crop
• Crop Empty – Like skin, it means chicks are not
taking feed and water.
• Crop stiff or original texture of the feed– only
feed is taken
• If watery– Only water is taken
• Crop fill - Full, rounded, soft, porridge
consistency– Chicks taking Feed and water
both.
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Crop fill chick Crop empty chick
Temperature
Objectives:
• Maintain body temperature
• Regulate blood circulation
• Body weight gain and feather growth
• Uniform growth.
• Increase feed and water consumption
• Yolk absorption
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Age Range of Temperature in
F/⁰C
0 to 3 90-91 (33-35)
4 to 7 88-91 (31-33)
8 to 14 84-88 (29-31)
15 to 21 81-84 (27-29)
22 to 28 75-81 (24-27)
29 to 35 72-75 (22-24)
36 Onwards 70 (21)
Ceiling curtain brooding helps maintain
temperature
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Monitoring Temperature
Hang the thermometer at the level of chick's height
Monitor & record the temperature in the reading chart
Place thermometers at the chick level & 1½ ft. to 2 ft. away
from the brooder.
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Supervision & Monitoring of Brooding
• In wet/rainy season, it is very important to give extra
care to the chicks during night time
• It is important to check brooding early in the
morning daily between 3-6 am (cool hours) and
check the followings.
• – Required temperature
• – Availability of Feed and water
• – Behavior of chicks
Temperature v/s chick behavior
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Temperature v/s chick behavior
Signs of Over-Heat
●Chicks are away from brooder.
●Water loss from the body leads to
dehydration & Pasty vent
●Chicks will get weak.
●Uneven feather growth
●High Mortality
●Low Feed and Low water intake
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Signs of Low-Heat
● Chicks huddle under the hover
● Uneven growth.
● Leg weakness
● Poor Immunity
● Low Feed and water intake
● Unabsorbed yolk
Lighting
• Lighting induces the metabolic activity in the
chicks.
• Bright intensity of light should be given in the
brooding period.
• One CFL is needed for every 400 Sq.ft
throughout the shed for the birds to access
feed & water.
• No Light restriction to be provided for birds at
any age.
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Dry Season Management
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Ensure the chicks delivery in cool hours
White washing on roof tiles reduces 9º F heat inside the shed. Use 10 kg
Quicklime(CaO) + 25 lit of water for every 1000 sq ft.
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Ensure Good Ventilation and allow the grass near shed at 6inch height
Grow trees around the shed.
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…….providing optimum environment
Side roof extension to protect birds from direct sun light.
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…Side roof extension
• Erect side roof extension in both sides of the
pen so as to reduce the heat radiation inside
the pen.
• If not, 35 % of the shed will be empty due to
direct sunlight and
• thereby birds accumulate on one side of the
pen thus causing less floor space
• Resulting uneven and heat stroke mortality.
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Ceiling fan for every 500 sq.ft reduces 9°F. The height of the ceiling fan to be
around 6 feet from the ground level of pen
In summer Feeding during cool hours helps to reduce
the heat generation inside the body
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Keep side mesh clean to enhance ventilation
Water Management
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Water Essentiality
Poor water intake leads to
• Poor feed intake
• Low Immune response
• Mortality
• Poor FCR
Drinking Water Standards
• Water should be checked in laboratory for quality,
before use
Parameters Units Max. Permissible Limit
Total Dissolved Solids Mg / litre 1000 – 2000
pH 6.5 – 8.0
Hardness Mg / litre 600
Bacteria / ml Nos. 10 to 50
Coliforms / ml Nos. 0
Salinity ppm 50 – 200
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• Ensure One drinker / 50 chicks
• Provide sanitized water
• Water tank should be covered with a lid
• Ensure the cleanliness of the drinkers
• Automatic drinkers are preferred for
uninterrupted supply of water.
• Ensure water from a single source throughout
the batch
• The drinkers should be at the height of the
crop level
• The bottom ballast of the drinker should be
fitted & filled with water/sand to avoid water
spillage.
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Ensure water intake by maintaining
correct drinker height ( Crop Level)
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Add water sanitizer to the drinking water
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To protect water tank from direct sunlight, white paint the
tank and make thatching around
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Erect Water Tank inside the shed
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WATER LEVEL
Always Maintain free flow of Ensure the 2/3rd water level in
water drinker
Regular cleaning of the drinkers
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Feed Management
Feed bags should be stacked properly using wooden
pallets.
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Clean the feeders periodically to encourage the
feed intake
Litter Management
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Thickness of the litter material should be 3-4 inches to absorb
moisture, comfort birds and helps to get good carcass quality.
Raking of litter should be done on daily basis.
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Keep the litter in optimum condition by
racking daily
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Ventilation
Ventilation is needed to ……..
• Regulate the temperature
• Remove carbon dioxide
• Eliminate ammonia, other gases, moisture,
dust and odours from the shed
Impact of Inadequate ventilation
• Poor air quality
• Increased Ammonia & carbon dioxide level
• Increased moisture level in the shed
• Increased ascities syndrome
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Impact of High Ammonia
• Footpad burns
• Eye burns
• Breast blisters/skin irritations
• Decreased weights
• Poor uniformity
• Disease susceptibility and
• blindness
BIO - SECURITY
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Bio security is a set of management
practices, which reduces
potential for the
introduction and spread of
disease-causing
organisms
onto and between sites.
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Ensure footbath at entrance
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Bio-Security Needs…..
• Throughout the year : 24 x 7 x 52
• No Time bound,
• No age,
• No season
Adoption of bio-security...
• Min 50 feet space between pens.
• Have one entry point for the Farm.
• Facilities to dispose Dead Birds.
• Rodent & Insects Control
• Vaccination as per recommendation.
• Follow accurate Sanitation and Disinfection
measures
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Bio-security fails ...
When We Violate Standard Operating Procedures……
Do’s…
Vehicles to be parked outside entrance.
Ensure dead birds are kept outside far
from the shed.
Supervisor and other staff should avoid
visiting any Farm after attending Disease
outbreak Farms.
Before entering a farm, change footwear
and leave personal belongings at the
entrance
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Indication of good bio-security…
…Continuous Good performance on the Farm
DON’TS
x Borrow equipment from neighboring Farms.
x Allowing visitors to enter into the Farm, also
anyone associated with poultry.
x Encourage to grow wild birds, domestic and
pet animals.
x Throw empty vaccine vials around the shed.
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Shed Preparation
• Shed Cleaning - Within 7 days from the
catching of last bird
• 7 days of shed rest
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Shed Cleaning Procedure
• Empty and remove the feeder
• Disconnect drinkers and move them out of the
shed
• Remove litter and take it 1000 ft away from the
farm premises
• Clean roof, sidewalls, wire mesh
• Clean the shed from top to bottom
• Feathers and other waste materials in and around
the Farm should be collected and burnt.
Shed Cleaning Procedure………
• Clean bulbs, nylon ropes and other electrical
fittings
• Floor, Walls, Ceiling in case of sheets and wire
mesh has to be washed with pressurized water
• Cement floor-Soak for 12 hrs, using 1 kg of Caustic
soda with 50 lit of water for every 1000 sq. ft.
• For mud floor-Spray the same and clean it with
broom stick after 12 hours
• Wash the side and ceiling curtains in water with
detergents
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Shed Cleaning Procedure………
• Clean the Pipeline & water tank with 5% Hydrogen
peroxide(9 litre water with 1 litre of 50% of H2o2) or
CitraMax 25-50 ml/litre water.( allow solution to stay
for 8-12 hrs)
• Clean all the equipments with detergents
• The equipments cleaning should only take place outside
the shed
• Electrical repair works should be carried out
• Aerial spray using Biokleen, Terminator-III disinfectant
should be done.
• White Wash the walls and floors using Limestone (100 L
Lime + 1 L Kerosene + 5 L Formalin)
Shed Cleaning Procedure………….
• Tie the side curtains
• spread the litter material for the entire shed,
place the equipments inside the shed and
spray 5% formalin all over the interior of the
shed, over the equipment and surroundings.
( 500 ml formalin+10 L water)
• Spray 10% Formalin for Mud floor and
thatched roof( 1 L+ 10 L water)
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Disinfectants….
• Neodine:
Disinfect the farm premises by spraying 4-8
ml/litre water. Foot bath 20-25 ml/litre water.
Terminator III:
4 ml/litre water for terminal
disinfection/footbath.
Disinfectants…..
Bioclean:
Terminal disinfection- 40 ml/litre water
Foot bath- 10 ml/litre water
Shed with birds- 4 ml/litre water.
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Fumigation Procedure
• Cover the sides of the shed with air tight curtains
• Arrange all necessary equipments before arrival of
chicks
• If the house is small, consider fumigation. Keep all
curtains closed. Measure the length X width X average
height of the house to arrive at the total cubic feet. Use
20 gms of Potassium permanganate + 40 ml formalin
per every 100 cubic feet area. Take potassium
permanganate in to a bigger container and add
formalin in to it. See that all persons are out.
• 8. Open the curtains on the sides 2 hrs before the
arrival of chicks to allow some fresh air.
Important……………
Chicks should be placed in the
farm after shed cleaning of the
entire farm
not only the brooding area.
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• Maintain proper ventilation in the shed
• Feed storage should be proper
• Rodent control
• Dead bird disposal pit
• Periodical cleaning of wire mesh & roof for cobwebs
• Spray of veridical & bactericidal spray in & around shed
• All time availability of clean hygienic water
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Record Keeping
• Essential to monitor the flock performance & profitability.
• Helps to forecasting, programming & preparing cash flow
projections
• Flock production records
• Feed consumption
• Mortality
• Medications & Vaccination
• Body weight records
• PM & lab Reports
• Expenditures & Income 128
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HELP ME TO HELP YOU
Bio-Security
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