USE BASIC MATHEMATICAL CONCEPT

CALCULATION, METHOD & TOOLS

01 Calculation Requirement

02 Measuring Tools

03 Mathematical Tools

04 Mathematical Problem Solving

05 Q&A

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 CALCULATION REQUIREMENT
Measurement Unit: A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity. In
mathematics, magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines
whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. For example, a
length is a physical quantity.
Name of the quantities are Length, Mass, Time and Electric current etc.
The system of units varies from country to country and some of the different system of units are
• CGS system of units, (centimeter – gram – Second)
• FPS system of units, (foot – Pound - Second)
• MKS system of units and SI system of units. ( meter – kilogram -Second)
Among the different system of units using in the world, the most widely used and
internationally accepted one is the International System of Units, or SI system of units.
Mill – Cent – Dcei-M -Deca – Hecto - Kilo -
MEASUREMENT OF AREA

Length :
Length is describing how long something is.

Width/Breadth:
Width is describing how wide an object is.

Height/Thickness:
The measurement of someone or something from head to foot or from base to top.
Measurement unit is meter in SI.

Area:
Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional region, shape, or planar lamina, in
the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object.
Measurement unit is square meter in SI.
Area = Length X Width
MEASUREMENT OF DIAMETER

Diameter:
A diameter is a line segment passing through the
center of a circle or sphere with its endpoints on
the circle or sphere.
d = 2r, c = 2∏.r, A = ∏. r2, ∏ = 3.14159..
d = diameter
r = radius
c = circumference

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MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT/TIME/TEMPERATURE

Weight:
The weight of an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity. It is calculated in kilogram or gram.

Time:
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the
past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence
events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of
quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience. Time is often referred to as a fourth dimension, along
with three spatial dimensions. It is calculated in second.

Temperature:
Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses hot and cold. It is the
manifestation of thermal energy, present in all matter, which is the source of the
occurrence of heat, a flow of energy, when a body is in contact with another that is
colder or hotter. It is calculated in centigrade. Temperature is measured with a
thermometer. The most common scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called
centigrade, denoted as °C), the Fahrenheit scale (denoted as °F), and the Kelvin
scale (denoted as K), the last of which is predominantly used for scientific purposes
by conventions of the International System of Units (SI).
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MEASUREMENT TOOLS

• Dimension measuring tools

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MEASUREMENT TOOLS

• Weight measuring tools

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MEASUREMENT TOOLS

• Volume measuring tools

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MEASUREMENT TOOLS
Time and Temperature measuring tools
• Clock
• Hour clock
• Timer
• Stopwatch
• Thermometer
• IR meter
• Thermograph
• Thermocouple

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MATHEMATICAL
TOOLS

• Mathematical tools
• Calculator
• Computer
• Mobile

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PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD- ADDITION
Addition: The process of calculating the total of two or more numbers or amounts. Addition is one of the four
basic operations of arithmetic, Example: 5 + 6 = 11
i. 232 + 334 = ?
ii. 1325 + 3522 = ?
iii. 148
1275
2151
1362
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Monir drank 340 ml of water for breakfast, 380 ml for lunch and 300 ml for dinner. How much water did he drink
in total? Express in ml, dl and L.

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SUBTRACTION
Subtraction: The operation of finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.
Example: 6-5 = 1

i. 50238 – 47543 = ?
ii. 86000 – 85200 = ?
iii. 100000
(-) 30
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Hasan bought 1.5kg of meat for his family. After that they ate some of them, 895 g remains. How
much meat did they eat?

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MULTIPLICATION
Multiplication: Multiplication is the process of calculating the total of one number multiplied by
another. The basic idea of multiplication is repeated addition. Example: 5x5 = 25, 5+5+5+5+5 = 25

i. 423 X 35 = ?
ii. 1234 X 200 = ?
iii. 3249
X 35
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You have fifteen pieces of 230 metres of ropes. If you put them in one line, how long is the total length of the
ropes.

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DIVISION
Division : The division is a method of distributing a group of things into equal parts. Example: 81 / 9 =
9.

i. 423 / 35 = ?
ii. 1234 / 200 = ?
iii. 3249/ 35 =?

There are 99 student. You are making team of 11 to play football games. How many teams can you make?

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CONVERSION
Conversion : To change a value or expression from one form to another.

Convert below

1. 100 meter = ? cm
2. 1 inch = ? Cm
3. 1 hr = ? Sec
4. 1000 L = ? ml
5. 1kg = ? Deca gm
6. 1 degree C = ? F

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PERCENTAGE
Percentage : In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often
denoted using the percent sign, "%“. Percent means parts per hundred. Example: 25% means 25 part of 100.

Express percentage;

i. 24/100 = ?%
ii. 0.54 = ?%
iii. 21/50 = ?%
iv. 25 litres are ………….% of 50 litres.
v. ………….Kilograms are 20% of 120 kilograms.
vi. 16 people are 32% of ………………….people.

There are 30 students in Graduation and 12 students are girls. How many percent of students are
girls?

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