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Experiment - No.10 Load Test On DC Shunt Motor: DATE:10/12/2021

The document describes an experiment to determine the performance characteristics of a 3.5 kW DC shunt motor through load testing. Load testing was conducted both practically and through LTspice simulation. The practical test involved gradually increasing the mechanical load and recording voltage, current, speed, torque, output power, input power, and efficiency. The LTspice simulation modeled the motor using an equivalent circuit and measured input/output power and efficiency by varying the back EMF for different armature currents. Both methods yielded efficiency curves showing the motor's efficiency increases with load up to around 80-90% efficiency.

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623 views6 pages

Experiment - No.10 Load Test On DC Shunt Motor: DATE:10/12/2021

The document describes an experiment to determine the performance characteristics of a 3.5 kW DC shunt motor through load testing. Load testing was conducted both practically and through LTspice simulation. The practical test involved gradually increasing the mechanical load and recording voltage, current, speed, torque, output power, input power, and efficiency. The LTspice simulation modeled the motor using an equivalent circuit and measured input/output power and efficiency by varying the back EMF for different armature currents. Both methods yielded efficiency curves showing the motor's efficiency increases with load up to around 80-90% efficiency.

Uploaded by

Baba Yaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT.NO.

10
LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
DATE:10/12/2021

NAME:PHRASHIKA.R.B
REG.NO:21BEE1275

AIM:

To obtain the performance characteristics of a DC shunt motor by conducting load test


Objectives:
● To find the efficiency of a DC shunt motor by conducting load test by LTspice
simulation
● To find the efficiency of a DC shunt motor by conducting load test practically
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
QUANTIT
S.NO. APPARATUS RANGE TYPE
Y
1. Ammeter (0-10) A MC 1
2. Ammeter (0-2) A MC 1
3. Voltmeter (0-300) V MC 1
4. Rheostat 400 Ω Tubular 1
5. Tachometer - - 1
6. Connecting Wires - - As required

Theory:
In a DC shunt motor, the field and armature windings are connected in parallel and the field
current is almost constant. The field winding is characterized by more turns of thin copper wire
with high resistance. The current is very less in shunt field winding. This will minimize the
field copper losses in the motor. The armature copper loss depends on the load current. The
torque of the motor is proportional to the armature current. DC shunt motor is preferred for
constant speed applications.
The armature torque of the dc motor is given by

𝑇𝑎 𝖺 ∅ 𝐼𝑎

∅ 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑇𝑎 𝖺 𝐼𝑎

Also, from the speed equation of the dc motor,


𝐸𝑏
𝑁 𝖺
∅
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor should be started and stopped with no load conditions on the brake drum.
2. Brake drum should be cooled with water when the motor is loaded.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. The DPST switch is closed.
3. The motor is started using three point starter.
4. By adjusting the field rheostat, the motor is brought to its rated speed (1500 rpm)
5. No load voltmeter, ammeter readings are observed.
6. The mechanical load is increased gradually in steps and the voltmeter, ammeter, speed
and spring balance readings are observed for each step.
7. After bringing the mechanical load to initial no load position), the DPST switch is
opened.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Name Plate Details:


Rated Voltage: 220 V
Rated Current: 18.6 A
Rated Speed: 1500 rpm
Rated Power: 3.5 kW
Fuse Calculations:
The test is conducted under loaded condition and hence 125% of the rated current value must
be chosen.
FORMULA USED:-
𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑚
(i) 𝑟 = 𝑖𝑛 𝑚
100 𝑥 2𝜋

(ii) Torque 𝑇 = (𝑆1~𝑆2)𝑥 𝑟 𝑥 9.81 𝑖𝑛 𝑁 − 𝑚

(iii) Input Power 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑉𝐼 𝑊


2𝜋𝑁𝑇
(iv) 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑚 = W
60

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
(v) Efficiency (η) in percentage = 𝑥 100
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

Tabular Column:-

Spring Balance Output Input


Voltage Current Readings Speed Torque
S. Power Power Efficiency
V I N T
N0 S1 S2 (S1 ̴ S2) Pm Pi (%)
(V) (A) (rpm) (N-m)
(Kg) (Kg) (Kg) (W) (W)

1 220 2 0 0 0 1500 0.00 0.00 440 0.00


2 220 4 4 1.5 2.5 1490 2.77 432.20 880 49.11
3 220 6 7 2 5 1479 5.54 857.60 1320 64.96
4 220 9 12 2.5 9.5 1464 10.53 1613.5 1980 81.48
5 220 12 17.5 3.5 14 1452 15.51 2357.2 2640 89.28

LTSPICE SIMULATION:
Procedure:

● open a new file


● Select a DC voltage source and the DC shunt motor is represented by its equivalent
circuit model. The equivalent circuit parameters of a 3.5 kW shunt motor is measured
by LCR meter. The numaerical values of resistance and inductance of armature and
field are provided as in Figure 1. The back emf of the armature is represented by a DC
source. Both supply voltage and back emf are opposing each other.
● To measure the instantaneous power supplied by the source, hold the “alt” key and click
on the component in which the power to be measured.
● After selecting the instantaneous power of a component, hold the “ctrl” button and click
on the name of the measurement in the measurement window. A new window will open
displaying the average power and energy.
● To measure the instantaneous power dissipated by the load (back emf), hold the “alt”
key and click on the component in which the power to be measured.
● After selecting the instantaneous power of a component, hold the “ctrl” button and click
on the name of the measurement in the measurement window. A new window will open
displaying the average power.
● The back emf is varied to obtain various armature current.
● Measure the input power and output power for different back emf values and tabulate it
● Efficiency of the motor is calculated using the formula (output/input)
● The constructed circuit, measured input power (supply), output power (back emf),
armature current and field current are shown in Figure 2.
● Line current is calculated using formula (IL = Ish+Ia)

Figure 1

Figure 2
Tabular Column (LTspice simulation):

Supply Back Field Armature Load


emf (V) current current current Input Output
Voltage %
(A) (A) (A) Power power
(V) Efficieny
Eb (W) (W)
Ish Ia IL=Ia+Ish

220 215 1.1891 -2.6303 -1.441 -840.3 565.5 67.29

220 210 1.1891 -5.2610 -4.071 -1418.8 1105.8 77.93

220 200 1.1891 -10.521 -9.332 -2576.2 2104.2 81.67

220 195 1.1891 -13.152 -11.963 -3154.8 2564.5 81.28

220 190 1.1891 -15.798 -14.609 -3733.4 2998.5 80.32

220 185 1.1891 -18.432 -17.243 -4312.4 3405.9 78.97

MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT: Thus the load test on DC shunt motor is conducted by LTspice simulation and its
performance characteristics are drawn.

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