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SCIENCE +++ General Psychology What Is Psychology?

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior, examining how biological, social, and environmental factors influence thoughts, actions, and feelings. It aims to expand knowledge of human behavior to help people live happier lives and solve problems. There are many branches and methods of psychology, including comparative, developmental, child, adolescent, and abnormal psychology. Developmental psychology specifically studies human behavior throughout growth and development from conception to death, looking at factors like heredity, environment, and maturation. The goals of developmental psychology include helping people adapt to their environments and achieve self-realization.

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40 views

SCIENCE +++ General Psychology What Is Psychology?

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior, examining how biological, social, and environmental factors influence thoughts, actions, and feelings. It aims to expand knowledge of human behavior to help people live happier lives and solve problems. There are many branches and methods of psychology, including comparative, developmental, child, adolescent, and abnormal psychology. Developmental psychology specifically studies human behavior throughout growth and development from conception to death, looking at factors like heredity, environment, and maturation. The goals of developmental psychology include helping people adapt to their environments and achieve self-realization.

Uploaded by

kaira ymasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE +++ General Psychology

What is Psychology?
• Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. It encompasses the
biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that
affect how people think, act, and feel.

• Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help


people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better
understanding of other people.

• Psychology aims to extend and deepen knowledge about human


behavior so that man can live a happy life and be able to meet and solve
the problems that arise out of living in scientific and enlightened ways.

• Human behavior is the collection of activities performed by human


beings and influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics,
authority, rapport, hypnosis, persuasion, and/or coercion.

The behavior of people (and other organisms or even mechanisms) falls


within a range with some behavior being common, some unusual, some
acceptable, and some outside acceptable limits.

• Behavior should not be mistaken with social behavior, which is more


advanced action, as social behavior is behavior specifically directed at
other people. The acceptability of behavior is evaluated relative to social
norms and regulated by various means of social control.

Objectives of Psychology
• Describe- description involves classification of psychological data into
meaningful categories or groupings either qualitative or on the basis of
similarity.

• Understanding explain or interpret facts about behavior in terms of


general principles which can be applied for practical purpose.
• Prediction – based on scientific prediction is based on understanding of
relationships between conditions and situations

• Control - we can control behavior through planning based on


accurate prediction

Methods of Psychology
• Objectivity- its freedom from bias and prejudice.

• Explicit procedure – it describe in detail in step by step procedures to


verify findings easily.

• Report – disseminate findings to be tested and verified by other


investigators.

• Experimental Method -

• Naturalistic observation

• Case histories- written in biographies, diary

• Interview

• Clinical method

Branches of Psychology
 Comparative Psychology. The branch of psychology which studies the
behavior and mental processes of the different species.

 Development or Genetic Psychology - The study of human behavior in


all aspects of growth and development.

 Child Psychology- The study of human behavior from prenatal until


early adolescence stages. This science deals with growth and
maturation, the effects of environmental influences on individual
patterns of development, and the psychological and social interactions
between the child and the society wherein they are both born rare.

 Adolescence Psychology- The study of behavior from puberty to life.it


involves the physical and mental maturation of individuals as well as
their attainment of emotional and social maturity.

 Senescence Psychology- The study of human behavior in old age.

 Abnormal Psychology- The study of the etiology or cause of personality


defects or behavior which deviates from the average reactions

 Experimental Psychology- Deals with the investigation of different


types of behavior through observation and experiment in psychological
laboratories. The aim is the understanding of the fundamental causes of
behavior.

 Physiological Psychology- The study of the functions of the different


organs of the body, especially the nervous system, and their bearing on
behavior and mental processes.

 Educational Psychology- Concerned with the psychological aspects of


teaching and of formal learning processes in schools.

 Clinical Psychology- Pertains to the diagnosis and evaluation of events


in relation to the condition of a person who has a problem.

 Business Psychology- Deals particularly with the behavior of


consumers. Psychological methods are employed to gain more
customers and impress prospective buyers.

 Industrial or Engineering Psychology- an applied psychology which


investigates problems and situations in business firms and industries. It
is concerned with the improvement of the efficiency of employees and
workers and the promotions of welfare of management. It deals also
with the design of equipment and the tasks of individual who operate
them.
Human Development
 Understanding the different phases of life can give us perspective of
ourselves and others as we go through each phase of the life cycle.

 There is certain changes in behavior and functioning that are correlated


with particular age.

 Nature of Development- Development is a process that produces a


progressive series of changes that are orderly and coherent and which
lead to, and end with, maturity.

Factors of Development
 Heredity

 Environment

Heredity brings about development through the process of maturation which


is the unfolding of the hereditary potentials

 A favorable environment encourages the full development of the


potentials, while deprived and unstimulating environment restrains their
development

Principles of Heredity
 Principle of reproduction -life beget life

 Principle of variation

 Principle of chance

 Principle of dominance

 Principles of sex –linked characteristics


Significant Facts of Development
Roles of Maturation and Learning in Development
Early Foundation are Critical

Roles of Maturation and Learning in Development

Development follows a definite and predictable pattern

All individual are indifferent

Each phase of development has characteristics behavior

Each phase of development has Hazards

Development is aided by stimulation

Development is affected by cultural changes

Social expectation for every stage of development

Significant Facts about Development


Early Foundation are Critical

Roles of Maturation and Learning in Development

Development follows a definite and predictable pattern

All individual are indifferent

Each phase of development has characteristics behavior

Each phase of development has Hazards

Development is aided by stimulation

Development is affected by cultural changes

Social expectation for every stage of development


DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
• Means a progressive series of changes that occur as a result of
maturation and experiences

• It is a complex process of integrating many structures and functions.

Two processes involve

• Growth or evolution

• Atrophy or involution

Both begin with conception and end with death

Goals of developmental Psychology


• To enable people to adapt to the environment in which they live. –
self-realization is essential

• It consider an urge – the urge to become the person both physically and
psychologically

• Self-realization plays an important role in mental health, people who


make good personal and social adjustments must have opportunities to
express their interest and desires in ways that give them satisfaction.
Lack of opportunities will result in frustration and generally negative
attitudes towards people and towards life.

Factors Influencing Attitudes towards Development Changes


• Appearance

• Behavior

• Cultural stereotypes

• Cultural values

• Role Changes
• Personal Experiences

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