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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

Editors: Dante M. Orozco

Edna E. Trinidad, Jane C. Basul, Gersim S. Lumintac, Marcelina C. Ranin,

Reviewers: Rosario P. Polea, Irene F. Havana, Rey D. Arbolonio

Illustrators:

Layout Artists:

Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real

Laila F. Danaque
Dominico P. Larong, Jr.
Gemma C. Pullos
Manuel L. Limjoco, Jr.

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte
Office Address: Peñaranda St., Surigao City
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Author: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

1
 UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 8, Quarter 4, Week 6A

Interactions

Name of Learner: ___________________________ Section: ____________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials. S8LT-IVi-23

Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers in the
cycling of materials in an ecosystem.
2. Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials
3. Construct a food web in a given ecosystem
4. Cite and synthesize the transfer of energy from one organism to
another
5. Give the importance of energy pyramid for the organisms and the
environment
Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts:

• To live, all organisms require energy. Every activity that organisms function
in ecosystems, such as breathing, moving, running, burrowing, and growing,
necessitates the input of energy. The flow of energy is a significant factor in
determining what life forms live in an ecosystem.
• Producers – organisms that are capable of converting energy from the sun
into chemical energy and store it (photosynthesis; it made use of water,
carbon dioxide and sunlight). Common examples are the plants and some
species of bacteria and algae.
• Consumers – organisms that consume another organism as food for their
energy supply.
• Food chain - the method through which matter and energy are transferred
from organism to organism in the form of food.

Source: https://www.clipartkey.com/view/ohbioT_picture-food-chain-to-draw/
Figure 1. Food chain with the producer, 1st order, 2nd order and 3rd order consumers

Author: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

2
 • Prey – the organism being hunted for food by the predator.
• Predator – the organism that hunts food and consumes the prey.
• Decomposers - disintegrate dead organisms into organic matter
• Food web – representation of several interconnected food chains among
organisms.

Source: https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/food-chains-food-webs-and-energy-
pyramids
Figure 2. The flow of food in this food web is from producers to consumers to decomposers

Autotroph – an organism that can generate its own nutrition in the form of
organic substances from inorganic substances like carbon dioxide.
Heterotroph – a living organism that must obtain its nutrition from organic
substances, most commonly plant and animal matter.
Herbivore – an animal that obtains its energy from the consumption of
plants.
Omnivore – animals that consume both plant-derived and animal-derived
food.
Carnivore – animals that consume other animals.
Trophic Level – for every one of the hierarchical levels in an ecosystem in
which life forms within the food chain express the same mechanism and
nutritional relationship.
Biomass – is the total mass of organisms in a food chain or food web.
Energy pyramid – is reduced, and only 10% progresses to the next level.
This decrease continues at each level until only 0.01 percent reaches the top
consumers.
A large number of producers at the bottom of the pyramid will be required to
support only a few consumers at the top of the pyramid. The base of the
pyramid contains the most biomass and energy. At each succeeding level,
there is a decrease or loss.

Author: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

3
 Source: https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp/ecological-pyramids-of-biomass-
energy-64638/
Figure 3. Pyramid of Biomass

Source: https://biologydictionary.net/energy-pyramid/
Figure 4. Pyramid of Energy

Author: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

4
Activity 1. Which is Me?

Objective: Identify the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers in the

cycling of materials in an ecosystem.

What you need: Paper and ball pen

What to do: Write the appropriate answers to each item based on the given energy
pyramid.

Matching Type: Match Column A to Column B according to their roles. Write only
the letters of your correct answer in the space provided before each number.

A B
a. an organism that feeds on primary
____________ 1. Producers producers. Organisms of this type
make up the second trophic level
b. can either be carnivores or omnivores.
____________ 2. Primary Consumers

c. are organisms capable of creating

____________ 3. Secondary Consumers simple carbohydrates such as glucose,
from gaseous carbon dioxide.
d. are organisms that break down dead
or decaying organisms, they carry out
____________ 4. Tertiary Consumers decomposition, a process possible by
only certain kingdoms, such as fungi

e. are carnivorous predators, although

they may also be omnivores, which are
____________ 5. Decomposers animals that feed on both meat and
plant material

Author: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

5
Activity 2: Point Me Out!

Objective : Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.

What you need : Paper and Pen

What to do: Answer the following Analysis Questions Based on the graph
presented below.

Source: https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/which-pyramid-is-always-upright-can-
never-be-class-10-biology-cbse-5f48222055e8473a852c664f
Figure 5. Sample illustration of transferred energy

Analysis Questions:

1. What have you observed in the illustration presented?

2. Name a Herbivore found in the illustration?

3. What transfer of energy does the snake belong?

4. What happen to the energy passed from one level to the next?

Authors: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

6
Activity 3. Flow of Food

Objective: Construct a food web in a given ecosystem

What you need: Paper, and ballpen

What to do: Construct a food web with three (3) connecting food chains. Each food
chain has a producer, 1st to 3rd consumers and decomposers.

List of organisms:

Rice, grass, corn, snakes, birds, grasshoppers, caterpillar, rats, frogs, fungi, earthworms,
chicken, millipede, molds, cactus.

Scoring Rubric (Activity 2)

10 points Illustration is complete
8 points Illustration is incomplete
6 point There is no illustration shown.

Authors: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

7
Activity 4. It’s Energy!

Objective: Analyze the transfer of energy from one organism to another

What you need: Paper, and ballpen

What to do: Answer the following questions based upon the given illustration
below.

Plant-based Eater Meat-based Eater

1. Which trophic level has the greatest biomass and greatest energy?

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which trophic level has the least biomass and the least energy?

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What happens to the amount of energy from the bottom to the top of the trophic
level?

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Which is more efficient in converting biomass of producers to biomass of

consumers? ----- plant-based eater or meat-based eater? Give your explanation.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric (Activity 1 and 3)

5 points Discussion is complete and substantial.
3 points Discussion is incomplete with lacking ideas.
1 point There is no discussion shown.

Authors: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

8
REFLECTION:

It is evident that every day there’s the existence of the usage of energy in the
processes and mobility of any kind of species. Energy pyramid is a great illustration
in providing information about the transfer of energy from one organism to another.

What will happen if one of the energy level will be removed? Defend
your answer.

RUBRIC for Scoring

Task 5 points 3 points 1 point

Substantial, specific, Sufficiently developed
and illustrative content with adequate Superficial and/or
Content content demonstrating elaboration or minimal content
scientific ideas. explanation.
Apparent point made
No apparent point but
about a single topic Minimal evidence of
Focus evidence of a specific
with sufficient topic.
topic.
awareness of task.

Authors: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

9
References:

Biologydictionary.net Editors. “Energy Pyramid.” Biology Dictionary.

Biologydictionary.net, April 6, 2021. Accessed from:
https://biologydictionary.net/energy-pyramid/.

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Food chain." Encyclopedia

Britannica, March 25, 2020. Accessed from:
https://www.britannica.com/science/food-chain.

Campo, P., Chavez, M., Catalan, M.H., et al. Science – Grade 8 Learner’s
Module, First Edition – 2013. Department of Education.

Harwood, Jessica and Wilkin, Douglas. “Consumers and Decomposers”. CK-

12 Foundation. April 8, 2021. Accessed from:
https://www.ck12.org/biology/consumers-and-
decomposers/lesson/Consumers-and-Decomposers-MS-LS

Lumenwaymaker. “Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores”. Lumen Biology

for Major II, April 6, 2021. Accessed from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/herbivores-
carnivores-and-omnivores/

Texas Gateway for online resources. “Food Chains, Food Webs, and Energy
Pyramids”. Texas Education Agency (TEA), April 6, 2021. Accessed from:
https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/food-chains-food-webs-and-
energy-pyramids

Answers Key:

Authors: Christine D. Betito and Gladys Ann P. Orillo

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

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