MODULE 3
LESSON 10 SCORER
The scorer performs his/her functions seated at the scorer's table on the opposite
side of the court from and facing the 1st referee.
He/she fills in the score sheet according to the rules, co-operating with the 2nd
referee.
He/she uses a buzzer or other sound device to notify irregularities or give signals
to the referees on the basis of his/her responsibilities.
Prior to the match and set, the scorer:
registers the data of the match and teams, including the names and numbers of
the Liberos, according to the procedures in force, and obtains the signatures of
the captains and the coaches;
records the starting line-up of each team from the line-up sheet (or checks the
data submitted electronically.) If he/she fails to receive the line-up sheets on
time, he/she immediately notifies this fact to the 2nd referee.
During the match, the scorer:
records the points scored;
controls the serving order of each team and indicates any error to the referees
immediately after the service hit;
is empowered to acknowledge and announce requests for player substitutions by
use of the buzzer, controlling their number, and records the substitutions and
time-outs, informing the 2nd referee;
notifies the referees of a request for regular game interruption that is out of order;
announces to the referees the ends of the sets, and the scoring of the 8th point in
the deciding set;
records misconduct warnings, sanctions and improper requests;
records all other events as instructed by the 2nd referee, i.e. exceptional
substitutions, recovery time, prolonged interruptions, external interference, re-
designation, etc.;
controls the interval between sets.
At the end of the match, the scorer:
records the final result;
in the case of protest, with the previous authorization of the 1st referee, writes or
permits the team/game captain to write on the score sheet a statement on the
incident being protested;
signs the score sheet him/herself, before obtaining the signatures of the team
captains and then the referees.
10.1.1 ASSISTANT SCORER
The assistant scorer performs his/her functions seated beside the scorer at the
scorer’s table.
He/she records the replacements involving the Libero.
He/she assists with the administrative duties of the scorer’s work.
Should the scorer become unable to continue his/her work, the assistant scorer
substitutes for the scorer.
Prior to the match and set, the assistant scorer:
prepares the Libero control sheet;
prepares the reserve score sheet.
During the match, the assistant scorer:
the details of the Libero replacements/re-designations;
notifies the referees of any fault of the Libero replacement, by using the buzzer;
starts and ends the timing of Technical Time-outs;
operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer's table;
checks that the scoreboards agree;
if necessary, updates the reserve score sheet and gives it to the scorer.
At the end of the match, the assistant scorer:
signs the Libero control sheet and submits it for checking;
signs the score sheet.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions which use an e-score sheet, the Assistant
Scorer acts with the Scorer to announce the substitutions, to direct the 2nd Referee to
the team requesting an interruption, and identify the Libero replacements.
LESSON 11. LINE JUDGES
If only two line judges are used, they stand at the corners of the court closest to the right
hand of each referee, diagonally at 1 to 2 m from the corner.
Each one of them controls both the end line and side line on his/her side.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, it is compulsory to have four line judges.
They stand in the free zone at 1 to 3 m from each corner of the court, on the imaginary
extension of the line that they control.
The line judges perform their functions by using flags (40 x 40 cm), to signal:
the ball ”in” and “out” whenever the ball lands near their line(s);
the touches of "out" balls by the team receiving the ball;
the ball touching the antenna, the served ball and the third hit of the team
crossing the net outside the crossing space, etc.;
any player (except the server) stepping outside of his/her court at the moment of
the service hit;
the foot faults of the server;
any contact with the top 80 cm of the antenna on their side of the court by any
player during his/her action of playing the ball or interfering with the play;
the ball crossing the net outside the crossing space into the opponent's court or
touching the antenna on his/her side of the court.
At the 1st referee's request, a line judge must repeat his/her signal.
LESSON 12. OFFICIAL SIGNALS
REFEREES’ HAND SIGNALS
The referees must indicate with the official hand signal the reason for
their whistle (the nature of the fault whistled or the purpose of the
interruption authorized). The signal has to be maintained for a moment
and, if it is indicated with one hand, the hand corresponds to the side
of the team which has made the fault or the request.
LINE JUDGES’ FLAG SIGNALS
The line judges must indicate with the official flag signal the nature of
the fault called, and maintain the signal for a moment.
Act. F1. ORAL RECITATION
- I will call you individually; we will have an Online Oral from LESSON 10
LESSON 12 and BASIC TERMINOLOGIES.
-SCHEDULE WILL BE ANNOUNCED IN OUR GROUP CHAT
BASIC SKILLS AND TERMINOLOGIES
BASIC SKILLS
Volleyball comprises five basic skills: forearm pass, overhand pass, serve attack
and block. Each skill uses a variety of techniques that players need as they progress
from beginning to advanced levels of competition.
The ball handling skills: the forearm pass and the overhand pass constitute at
least two-thirds of the ball contact during play. The serve often dominates play and is
considered as a crucial skill because there are times when a team dominates through
good service only. The attack adds offense and power to the game but can only be
utilized when the ball handling skills become accurate and consistent. The block is used
only when the opposing team consistently attacks the ball from a point near or above
the net, forcefully driving it downward into one’s court.
The Forearm Pass
The forearm pass also called “pass”. “bump” or “dig” is the most frequently used
ball handling skill. It is utilized to pass the serve, play balls below the waist, play hard-
driven balls and contact balls located far from the player.
Learning Hints
· Assume a stride position, feet are shoulder width apart with the body weight
forward on the inside front half of each foot with the heels slightly off the ground.
· Keep the knees flexed approximately 90 degrees inside the feet and in front of
the toes.
· Keep the upper body in a front-leaning position with waist flexed approximately
90 degrees and the shoulders in front of the knees
· Connect the hands by pressing the pads of both thumbs together with the base
of the thumbs even and level. Keep the grip relaxed with the hands extended
downward.
· Reach out your arm in front of your body and rotate elbows inward together thus
exposing the fleshy part of the forearm. The arms are parallel with the thigh of the
leading leg.
· Contact the ball on the fleshy part of the forearm approximately 2 to 6 inches
above the wrist. The trajectory angle of the rebound is dependent upon the angle of the
forearms. Focus the eyes on the ball until the contact and the rebound.
· Provide force
Overhand Pass
The overhand pass is used for accurately passing any ball above the head to a
teammate and for the setting technique of passing the ball to an attacker with specific
height, trajectory and placement
. Assume a stride position with the feet al-most shoulder width apart, the body
weight is forward on the inside front half of each foot with the heels slightly raised.
· Flex the knees in front of the toes with the upper body in a front leaning position
with the waist flexed approximately 90 degrees and the shoulders in front of the knees.
· Raise both arms with the elbows flexed at approximately chin height and the
hands are
equally positioned six (6) inches above the forehead with the wrist flexed back.
· Spread fingers and hands into the shape of the approaching ball, thumbs
pointing toward the nose and wrist flexed back.
· Contact the ball on the inside edge of the first digital areas of the thumbs, index,
middle and ring fingers and allow the ball to almost slide through, with the hands on the
side.
Serve
The serve has an expected success rate that is 80 to 90 percent higher than the
other skills because the server tosses the ball to himself rather than receiving the ball
from another player. Equally important is the fact that the serve is the first opportunity a
team has to put the opponent at a disadvantage.
The most commonly used service are the underhand serve, the overhand serve and
the side arm serve.
To make an underhand serve
· Stand facing the net with the left foot slightly forward and the weight on the right
foot.
· Hold the ball with the left hand with the left arm across and a little in front of the
body and the ball resting on the pads of the left fingers
· Step left foot forward, transferring the weight to the front foot and at the same
time, bring the right arm back in a preparatory motion.
· Swing the right hand forward and contact the ball, just below the center. The ball
can be hit with an open hand or with the fist either facing forward or sideward.
· Follow through with the arm to ensure a smooth serve.
Note: These directions are for a right-handed serve.
For the left-handed serve, reverse the position and movements.
Overhand Serve
· Stand with the left foot in front and the left side of the body turned somewhat
toward the net with the weight on both feet.
· Hold the ball in the left hand directly in front of the face.
· Toss the ball straight up shifting the weight to the back foot. The height of the
toss is a matter of choice, but from 3 to 5 ft. is suggested.
· Contact the ball with the open palm or with the fist above the shoulder as the ball
drops thus shifting the weight to the forward foot which can take a short step
forward.
Note: An effective serve is one that has no spin-a floater. The directions are for a right
– handed serve.
For the left-handed serve, reverse the position and movements.
Sidearm Serve
Like the overhead serve, the sidearm serve is powerful and difficult to receive. This
serve goes over the net into a downward trajectory.
· Take a forward stride position behind the endline with the left side toward the net.
· Hold the ball with the left hand in front of the body and over or slightly ahead of
the left foot.
· Bring the right arm which should be fully ex-tended to approximately shoulder
level and shift weight to the rear foot.
· Move the right arm forward to make contact with the ball with either the heel of
the hand or a closed fist.
· Follow through in the direction in which the ball is to travel.
Attack
The attack is used in aggressive play against the opponents to keep them from
returning the ball or making a transition to return it aggressively.
· Move quickly to the desired place when the setter takes an action for the set.
· Swing both arms backward and bended knees to gain height in jumping.
· Jump as high as you can and hit the ball forcibly downward with a snap of the
wrist.
· Swing the arms downward for follow through after the contact.
To be able to block, do these steps:
· Stand in stride position with the shoulders parallel with the net, about 6 to 12
inches far with the knees slightly flexed for quick movement.
· Position the hands between the net and the body at shoulder height with fingers
spread and palms facing the net.
· Flex the knees to a near 100-degree angle and jump off from the floor and thrust
the arms straight upward parallel with the net.
· As the hands clear net height, gently push them across as far as possible , being
careful not to touch the net. Position the outside hand slightly toward the court to
deflect the ball inward.
· Pike slightly at the waist for balance and power.
· Withdraw hand gently upon descending and return them in front of the body.
· Bend the knees upon floor contact to ab-sorb shock and for balance. Pivot away
from the net, following the direction of the ball.
TERMINOLOGIES
ATTACK - any method used to return the ball across the net in an
attempt to put the opponents at a disadvantage.
BLOCK - the process of intercepting the ball just before or as it
crosses the net. A block is executed by any front row player.
DIG - an emergency pass, usually used to defend a hard driven attack.
DINK - a soft shot off the fingertips, used to lob the ball over the block.
DRIVE - an attack contacted in the center that attempts to hit the ball
off th blocker’s hands.
FAULT - an infraction of the rules.
FOREARM PASS - a pass made off the forearms.
FRONT COURT - the playing area in which it is legal to block or attack.
KILL - an attack that cannot be returned directly as a result of that attack.
LOB - a soft attack that is contacted in the back bottom quarter of the ball,
to take an upward trajectory.
OVERHEAD PASS - a pass made by contacting the ball above the head with the
finger pads.
POINT - a point is scored when the receiving team fails to return the
ball legally to the opponent’s court.
ROTATION - the shifting of the players clockwise upon gaining the ball
from the opponents.
SERVE - the method of putting the ball in play over the net by striking
it with the hand.
SET - the placement of the ball near the net to facilitate attacking.
SETTER - the player assigned to set the ball.
SPIKE - a ball hit its tipspin and a strong downward force into the
opponets’ court.
SPIKER - the player assigned to attack the ball.
TOPSPIN - imparting of a forward spin to the ball during the serve, spike
or spike roll.
