A Project Report

On

Vibration Analysis of multi-storey building

BY

Shrinivas Reddy - 2018B1A40761H

C Sri Dharmendra - 2018B3A40869H

Parth Gadiya - 2018B3A40928H

Aman Lahoti - 2018B1A40752H

Soumya Shobhana - 2018B1A40950H

Akshit Singh Latwal - 2018B1A40920H

Shrivatsa Deshmukh - 2018B5A41104H

Shantanu Kadam - 2018B5A41085H

Under the supervision of

Dr. Sabareesh Rajashekaran

ME F319

Vibrations And Controls

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI (RAJASTHAN)

HYDERABAD CAMPUS

(Jan 2022-April 2022)

 INTRODUCTION

Vibration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all structures. The structure is made to
vibrate under the control of an external force in the case of forced vibrations. Building
vibrations can come from a variety of places, but the majority are felt through the floor
system. Vibrations can originate in the floor and then travel outward from the source, or they
can be propagated through building parts from other sources in the ground or outside the
building. In engineering, there are three types of forcing functions: periodic, impulsive, and
non-impulsive. Random forcing functions are also available. Transient vibration is caused by
the impulsive forcing function. The approach for computing forced dynamic response is
called transient response analysis. The goal of a transient response study is to predict how a
structure will behave in the future excited in a time-varying manner. The exceedingly sudden
vibration is caused by the transitory vibration. The collapse of our structures is the result of
the hit. The examination of transitory responses delivers a sufficient damping result for
constructions that are resistant to a variety of human-made or natural forces. Earthquakes,
tsunamis, blasts, and machine vibrations are examples of natural forces. A multi-story
building, a TV tower, a bridge with its superstructure and substructure, a flexural member, a
machine foundation, an underground metro station, and so on are examples of multi-degree
freedom systems (MDOF).
The transient vibration response of a four-storey building was investigated in this work using
an equivalent mass-spring system. The analysis is carried out using ANSYS software. Natural
frequency was determined by ANSYS prior to the commencement of the transient study, and
it was compared to theoretical results to ensure that the program was legitimate.

Determination of Natural Frequency

 Determination of natural frequency by ANSYS

Material and Geometry: Structural steel is used for making masses m1, m2, m3, and m4 with
a density of 7850 kg/m^3 and young modulus and Poisson’s ratio of steel is 2× (10)^11Pa and
0.3.
Meshing: Meshing divides the whole components into many small elements to distribute
applied load uniformly to whole components.
Frequencies obtained by ANSYS: The obtained frequency results are shown in table 1 Mode
and Frequency.
Equivalent undamped Spring-Mass system of 4-story building with externally applied force:

Frequency(HZ) Theoretical result Ansys

1 0.53 0.53719

2 1.5 1.5013

3 2.25 2.2469

4 2.65 2.6504

Mode Frequencies

1 0.52719

2 1.5013

3 2.2469

4 2.6504
Equivalent Spring-mass model in ANSYS for 4-DOF Undamped of Forced System :
The 4-DOF Transient Vibration Response for (t) = 0.001 sec, (t) = 0.01 sec, initial time has
taken 0.000001 sec. At the time (t) = 0.001 sec: The Transient Vibration Response for 4-DOF
The undamped system obtained by ANSYS has shown below. At time (t) =0.01 sec:

Analysis result for mdof forced vibration of the undamped system

• Result for Max. & Min. Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of Undamped
system at two different time stages, i.e. (t)1 = 0.001 sec, (t)2 = 0.01 sec, presented in table 2
• Maximum displacement over time (t) =0.01 sec presented in table 2.1

Table 2: Min and Avg. Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of

Undamped System

Time Minimum Average

0.001 sec 1.2076E-06m 0.000054574 m

0.01sec 0.00084015m 0.005345 m

Table 2.1: MDOF forced vibration of Undamped system Maximum Displacement over
time(t)=0.01 sec

Time Maximum

0.01 Sec 0.020832

Where c = damping & ωn = natural damping in rad/sec Provide damping for maximum
frequency i.e. ωn = 2.65Hz =16.65 rad/sec.
Taking Damping value c1 = c2 = c3 = 924075 N-s/m for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd storey & c4
=462037.5 N-s/m for 4th storey. Check 1st, 2nd, & 3rd storey damping:
Damping ratio (ρ) = c/(2m⍵) = 924075/( 2 *55500 *16.65) = 0.5 < 1
Hence 1st, 2nd, & 3rd storey is underdamped.
Check 4th storey damping: Damping ratio (ρ) = (c/2m⍵) = 462037.5 /(0.5 2 27750 16.65)
=0.5 < 1 Hence 3rd storey is underdamped.

Equivalent Spring-mass system for underdamped the forced system: An equivalent

spring-mass system for 4-story building in the underdamped condition.
4-DOF Transient Vibration Response graph for underdamped Forced System obtained
by ANSYS: The 4-DOF Transient Vibration Response for (t) = 0.001 sec, (t) = 0.01 sec,
initial time is 0.000001 sec.
Graph for underdamped system at time (t) = 0.001 sec and (t) = 0..01 sec

• Result for Max. & Min.

Underdamped Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of damped system at three
different time stages, i.e. (t)1 = 0.001sec, (t)2 = 0.01 sec, presented in table 4.1
• Underdamped Maximum displacement over time (t) =0.01 sec presented in table 4.2

Table 4.1: Min and Avg. Underdamped Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of
damped System

Time (t) Minimum Average

0.001 sec 0.0000011683 m 0.000054081

m

0.01 sec 0.00034632 m 0.0049398

m
 Table 4.2: MDOF forced vibration of Underdamped System Maximum displacement over
time (t)=0.01 sec

Time (t) Maximum

0.01 0.019693

Provide damping for maximum frequency i.e. ωn =2.65Hz =16.65 rad/sec.

If the damping ratio ( ρ) = c/cc =c/2m⍵n =1.0 then it is called a critically damped system.
Take Damping for 1st, 2nd, 3rd storey c1=c2=c3=1848150 N-s/m
Damping ratio ( ρ) = c/cc = c/2m⍵n = 1848150 /(2 *55500 *16.65) = 1
Hence it is critically damped
Take damping for 4th storey c4 = 924075 N-s/m
Damping ratio (ρ ) = 924075 / 2*27750* 16.65 = ´1´ Hence it is critically damped.
Equivalent critically damped spring-mass system: Equivalent critically damped
spring-mass system for 4-story building without any external force shown. Transient
Vibration Response graph for critically damped Forced vibration System: Initial time is
0.000001 sec. Graph at time (t) = 0.001 sec Graph at time (t) = 0.01 sec.
 • Result for Max. & Min. Critically Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of the
damped system at two different time stages, i.e. (t)1 = 0.001 sec, (t)2 = 0.01 sec, with initial
time 0.000001 sec presented in table 4.3
• Critically Maximum displacement over time (t) = 0.01 sec presented in table 4.4

Table 4.1: : Min & Avg. Critically Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of damped
system.

Time (t) Minimum Average

0.001 sec 0.0000011479 0.000053598 m

m

0.01 sec 0.00036736 m 0.0046033 m

Table 4.2: : MDOF forced vibration of critically damped system Maximum displacement over
time (t) = 0.01 sec

Time (t) Maximum

0.01 0.018678

Provide damping for maximum frequency i.e. wn =2.65Hz =16.65 rad/sec.

If the damping ratio (ρ) = c/2m⍵n >1.0 then it is called overdamped system.
Take Damping for 1st, 2nd, 3rd storey c1=c2=c3 = 3696300 N-s/m .
Damping ratio ( ρ) = c/2m⍵n = c1=c2=c3 = 2.
Hence it is overdamped.
Take damping for 4th storey c4 =1848150 N-s/m.
Damping ratio (ρ ) = c/2m⍵n = 3696300/( 2*55500*16.65) . Hence it is overdamped.
Equivalent Overdamped spring-mass system: Transient Vibration Response graph for
Overdamped of Forced vibration System: The initial time is 0.000001 sec. Overdamped
forced vibration graph for time (t) = 0.001 sec
Overdamped forced vibration graph for time (t) = 0.01 sec.
 Conclusion
The findings of the transient vibration response on ANSYS are satisfactory, and the graph
between time and displacements also shows the peak value of displacements for both
undamped and damped MDOF systems. The damped system, in this case, functioned on all
three conditions: underdamped, severely damped, and overdamped. The approximate
damping value for the structures can be selected based on the time-history graph and table.
For two different time phases, the time-displacement or deformation graph was obtained.
Both theoretical calculations and ANSYS are used to arrive at the natural frequency. The
transient vibration response is calculated using the ANSYS modelling and simulation
programme. ANSYS calculates the structure response using the Mode Superposition
approach. The average value of the 4-DOF undamped and damped values is given below.

Min. & Avg. Overdamped Transient Response of MDOF forced vibration of the damped system
 MDOF forced vibration of overdamped system Maximum displacement over time (t) = 0.01 sec

The 4-DOF undamped & damped average value for two different time stages, i.e. 0.001 sec, 0.01 sec has
shown below

The 4-DOF undamped & damped maximum value for two different time stages, i.e. 0.001 sec, 0.01 sec has
shown below.

The experiment demonstrates that damped transient displacement has a lower value than
undamped transient displacement. The maximum undamped transient value for a 4-DOF
system is 0.020832 m, whereas the underdamped, critically, and overdamped values are
0.019693, 0.018678, and 0.016946 m, respectively. As a result, the damped transient
displacement is smaller than the undamped transient displacement.

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