Laboratory Report on Specific Heat of Solids

Subject and Section: Thermodynamics Laboratory W56-2

01. Group Leader and Members:

Group leader: Johairah Nacua
Members: Earl Kent Olaer
Ma. Nicole Ragandang
Abigail Hope Pangilinan

02. Leader's Email: [email protected]

03 Explain the concept(s) discussed in the experiments shown in the videos?

Heat Calorimetery is the measurement of heat flow/temperature in a certain surrounding. Calorimeter is

a device used to measure the heat flow. Through the formula of Q=mc∆T, the change of heat is
determined. The specific heat c value can only be used in temperatures with the unit of Celsius or
Kelvin. Furthermore, the objective of the video focuses on finding the specific heat value of an
unknown metal.

04. Enumerate the apparatuses and different equipment used in the experiments? How are they
used?

A. Apparatus and equipment used in VIDEO 1

- Copper Calorimeter with water (used for measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical
changes as well as their heat capacity.)
- Stirrer (used to agitate the liquid for speeding up the reactions or improving mixtures.)
- Physical balance/Weighing scale (used to measure weight or mass.)
- Thermometer (measures the boiling point and freezing point during science experiments.)
- Bunsen burner (used for heating, sterilizing, and combustion.)
- Beaker (use to hold liquids samples.)
- Solid tied to a string (used as a variable for the experiment in determining the specific heat.)
- Insulation box (used as a barrier between the hot and the cold object that reduces heat transfer
by either reflecting thermal radiation or decreasing thermal conduction and convection from
one object to the other.)
B. Apparatus and equipment used in VIDEO 2
-Hypsometer (an instrument for measuring height or elevation)
-Calorimeter (used for measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as
their heat capacity.)
-Stirrer (to agitate the liquid for speeding up the reactions or improving mixtures)
-A lid and outer jacket (used to insulate the liquid by means of a jacket and the outer cup
assumed to be perfectly adiabatic.
-Two half degree thermometers (is an instrument that measures temperature)
-Solid in powdered form or in small pieces (variable used for the experiment to determine
specific heat)
-Balance (used to measure an object's mass to a very high degree of precision)
 -Weight box (a channel in a window frame in which the sash weights move up and down)
-Cold water (used as basis for getting the initial and final temperature)
-Clamp stand (used to support other pieces of equipment and glassware for instance burettes,
test tubes and flasks)
-Beaker (a container reaction or to hold liquids or solid samples)
-Bunsen burner (used for heating, sterilizing, and combustion)

C. Apparatus and equipment used in VIDEO 3

- Digital Balance ( To weight the water and aluminium block)

- Calorimeter ( It is where the water puts)
- Metal Cubes ( To transfer the heat from aluminium to water)
- Digital Thermometer ( Use for the temperature)
- Hot water bath ( To increase the heat temperature of aluminium block)
- Tongs are a type of tool used to grip and lift objects instead of holding them directly with hands

D. Apparatus and equipment used in VIDEO 4

- Beaker of water (when boiling, the test tube containing the metals is placed in)
- 100 ml of room temperature water (use in the calorimeter)
- Stirring Plate (To stir the magnets so that the heat can be evenly distributed/transfer)
- Magnets (To help stir the water inside the calorimeter)
- Coffee cup calorimeter (to measure the heat transfer)
- Test tubes (where the metals are placed in to avoid contact of water)
- Balance/ weighing machine (to measure the mass of the metals)

5.) Briefly discuss the methods and procedures of the experiments?

A. Methods and procedure in VIDEO 1

- Using a weighing scale, determine the mass of the copper calorimeter with the stirrer.
- Fill ¾ of the calorimeter with water.
- Measure the calorimeter once more, but with water in this instance.
- Solve the mass of the water.
- Measure the solid and heat the solid which specific heat capacity is to be measured, continuing to
heat the solid until the water temperature is constant.
- Position the calorimeter in the insulating box with the water within and record the temperature of
the water.
- Move the solid into the water contained in the calorimeter, stir the contents of the calorimeter and
record the final temperature.

B. Methods and procedure in VIDEO 2

- To begin, fill a beaker halfway with water and suspend two thermometers A and B in it. Take note
of the temperature readings on both thermometers. Find the correction given to additional
thermometers using one thermometer (say A) as a benchmark (B).
 -Fill the hypsometer with water. Fill the copper tube of the hypsometer with a small amount of
solid. Insert thermometer B into it, and then fill the copper tube with the remaining solid in such a
way that the thermometer is uniformly surrounding by solid. On a Bunsen burner, place
Hypsometer.
-Set up the physical balance so that the plumb line stays upright and the beam oscillates evenly on
both sides.
-Use a physical balance to weigh a clean calorimeter with stirrer.
-Cover the calorimeter with a lid and weigh it with a physical balance.
-Fill the calorimeter to about half full with water that is 8 to 10 degrees Celsius below room
temperature. Use a physical balance to weigh it.
-When the temperature of the solid in the hypsometer has been stable for around 10 minutes, take
note of it and make the necessary corrections.
-Take note of the temperature of the water in the calorimeter's outer jacket. Remove the cork and
thermometer B from the hypsometer's copper tube as quickly as possible. Remove the tube from the
hypsometer, lift the lid, and transfer the solid to the calorimeter as rapidly as possible.
-Stir the mixture until it reaches a consistent temperature. Carefully remove the thermometer A
from the calorimeter and weigh it with the mixture and lid.

C.Methods and procedure in VIDEO 3

- Weigh the mass of the water (turn on the digital balance, tare it to zero. Half fill the calorimeter
with water) 82.1g
- Measure initial temperature of water ( use the digital thermometer) 26.2 Celsius
- Weigh the mass of aluminium block ( use the digital balance) 20.5g
- Heat up aluminium block in the heat bath (set the heat bath to approximately 80 Celsius and
carefully place aluminium to heat bath)
- Measure initial temperature of aluminium) 79.8 Celsius
- Heat transfer from aluminium to water ( use tongs carefully to transfer the aluminium block and
place it to calorimeter)
- Measure the equilibrium temperature of aluminium and water. The equilibrium temperature is
28.6 Celsius

D. Methods and procedure in VIDEO 4

- Heat the 100 ml of water to boiled

- Measure the weight of the metals and record it
- Put the unknown metals into the test tubes
- Place the test tubes inside the boiling beaker making sure that no water should be inside the
test tube and let it sit for a certain time
- Pour the room temperature 100 ml of water inside the coffee cup calorimeter and place it in
the stirring plate.
- Measure the temperature of the room temped water and the temperature of the boiling water
and record it.
- Start the stirring process
- Take the hot test tube out of the water and pour the metals in the coffee cup calorimeter and
make sure that the transfer of the metals should be quick to avoid energy lost.
- The simultaneously measure the temp in the coffee cup calorimeter, record the highest
temperature.
06. What are the important conclusions drawn from the experiments?

While doing the experiment there may be a few sources of error;

- Temperature of metal (if the temperature of the metal does not reach 100 ˚c)
- Transfer of metal (the longer the transfer, the larger the energy lost)
- Imperfect calorimeter (happens when if the energy is unevenly transfer inside the
calorimeter and energy lost to or from the calorimeter)

07. Who were late and absent during your group discussion?
-None

08. Did everyone (except those who were absent) make a fair contribution to the discussion?

- Yes
09. Add a photo of your virtual meeting showing all faces of the members. Highlight the date.

SEPTEMBER 29,2021

SEPTEMBER 29, 2021

SEPTEMBER 29, 2021