www.studymafia.
org
Seminar
On
Jet Engine
Submitted To: www.studymafia.org Submitted By:
www.studymafia.org
Index
1. Introduction
2. History of jet engine
3. Parts of jet engine
4. How a get engine works
5. Types of jet engine
6. Comparison of Turbo Jet
7. Jet engines Vs Rockets
8. Difficulties
9. Suggestion for improvement
1 0. Merit and Demerits
1 1 Jet engine uses
1 2.Conclusion
1 3.References
introduction
Outer
Secondary
Duct fan nozzle
airstream
Turbine Hot
gases
Inlet
I
Combustion
Compressor Nozzle
chamber
Primary
airstream
•Jet engine is nothing but a gas
turbine.
•It works under the principle of
Newton's 3rd law.
• it stats that “for every acting force
there is an equal and opposite
force”.
•Gas turbine operates like toy
balloon.
History of jet engine
•The first jet engine was built by Egyptian scientists
during 1 00 BC.
• These device was know as Aeolipile.
・Dr.hans von ohain and sir frank whittle were the main
developers.
•Fan
•Compressor
•Combustor
•Turbine
・ Mixer
•Nozzle
Combustor
How ๐ jet engine works
Jet engine move the airplane forward with a great
force that is produced thrust and cause the plane to
fly very fast.
Fuel Burner
Air intake
・Fuel is mixed with the air , and electric spark
•Sucked in by the compressor.
light the air, cause it to combust.
Compressor
• series of vanes and stators. •The Combustion chamber
vanes rotate, while the stator remains ・The air is burst.
stationary. •Increase in the temperature of the air, thus
•Compressor speed and temperature increase in pressure inside the engine.
increases gradually .
Continued....
Turbine
•Works like a windmill •The blades gain energy from
the hot gassed moving past them. •This movement is
used to power the compressor. Jet pipe and
propelling nozzle
•the hot air rushes out the nozzle.
•High pressure
•Hot air russes out at very high speed.
TYPES OF JET ENGINE
•Ramjet
・ Turbojet •Turbofan •Turboprop
•Turboshaft
RAMJET
•It has no moving parts. •Its compression ratio depend upon forward
speed.
•It has no static thrust. Guided-missile system , space vehicle use
this type of jet.
Working principle of the ramjet above M = 3,5
Turbo Jet
•The turbo engine is a reaction engine . •Substantial increase in
thrust can be obtained by employing an afterburner.
burner
Turbojet
adjustable
Turbojet with Afterburner
Turbofan
・ The objective of the sort of bypass
system is to increase thrust without
increasing fuel consumption.
・ lt achieves this by increasing the total
air-mass flow and reducing the
velocity within the same total energy
supply
High-Bypass Turbofan
Turboprop
•A turboprop is a jet
engine attached to a
propeller.
•Modern turboprop
engine are equipped
with propeller that
have a smaller
diameter but a large
number of a blades
for efficient operation
at much higher flight
speed.
Turboshaft
Compressor
Compressor turbtne Exhaust
Combustion Free (power) Power
chamber turbine shaft
•It doesn't have a propeller.
•It provide power for a
helicopter rotor.
•It permits the rotor speed to
be kept constant even when
the speed of the generator is
varied.
Jet Engine Vs Rockets
Jet Engine Rockets
Oxygen from atmosphere for combustion. Carry their own for combustion.
Work only in atmosphere. Work in vacuum and atmosphere.
Liquid fuel. Liquid and solid fuel.
Complex structure. Simple structure.
High efficiency. Low efficiency.
Suggestion for improvement
• Employ active cooling.
• Designing better materials and alloys which retain strength at high
temperature .
• Smart structures — Structure and material which changes their
shapes and properties in flight.
• Design engines which switch from scramjet to ramjet.
Merits and Demerits
Merits of jet engine over IC Demerits of jet engine over IC
engine engine
• Mechanical efficiency of jet engine •Thermal efficiency of jet engine is low
is high as compared to IC engine. compared to IC engine.
•Weight and speed of jet engine per •Difficult to start.
HP developed is higher then IC
engine. ・Turbine blades need a special
cooling system due high temperature.
•Ignition and lubricating system are much simpler in jet engine then IC
engine.
Jet engine uses
• The industry they’re most prominent in is the transport industry zwhere they
are used to propel aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations such as a
turbojet power truck.
•The first use of the jet engine was to power military aircraft. •The Bell P-59A
Airacomet was also developed by the Americans. They had a massive
advantage over propeller driver planes , in that they were much faster.
•The General electric company used a “turboprop” jet engine to run an
electric generator.
•The jet engine is not only used on aircraft but on boats , where water jet are
used to propel the boat forward
Conclusion
•Normal type of jet engine is used to domestic purpose i.e. Traveling ,
carrying goods etc.
•Ram and scram type of jet engine used in only in defence sector.
Because it travels at supersonic speed and generally high level of training
is required.
•Since it travels at such a speed it is can not used for travelling. •So that
common type of jet engines are very common in use.
References
□ www.google.com
□ www. wikipedia.
com
□ www.studymafia.org
THANKS
