© July 2021| IJIRT | Volume 8 Issue 2 | ISSN: 2349-6002

A Working Model for Mobile Charging using Wireless

Power Transmission

Swarali Kadam1, Sadhana Gawade2, Pradnya Gawade3, Pruthvijeet Shelake4, Mr. S. M. More 5
1,2,3,4
Department of Electrical Engineering, RIT College of Engineering, Sakharale, Islamp
5
Guide, Department of Electrical Engineering, RIT College of Engineering, Sakharale, Islamp

Abstract - Portable electronic devices are very popular Cords. For an example, the portable electronic devices
nowadays. Almost all portable devices are battery including mobile phones, tablets, laptops, household
powered, meaning that eventually, they all must be robots, drones and etc. normally relies upon the battery
recharged–using the wired chargers currently being
power. Due to the rapid development and tremendous
used. As the usage of these portable electronic devices is
applications, these portable devices are becoming part
increasing, the demands for longer battery life are also
increasing. These batteries need to be recharged or of our day-to-day activities. In addition to that, there is
replaced periodically. It is a hassle to charge or change always an increasing demand of smart gadgets to say
the battery after a while, especially when there is no goodbye to wires, making capable of charging without
power outlet around. Now instead of plugging in a cell being plugged in. Hence, there is a necessity for
phone, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), digital camera, finding a new technology to be free of from the clumsy
voice recorder, mp3 player or laptop to recharge it, it cables or the chargers [1]-[3].
could receive its power wirelessly. The technology for Hence, the researchers at MIT coined the term
Wireless Power Transmission or Wireless Power
WiTricity as the part of their project work, where
Transfer or Transmission (WPT) is in the forefront of
WiTricity is nothing but the Wireless Electricity
electronic development. WPT systems are designed to
transmit power without using wires more efficient than offering the transmission of electrical power to a
transmitting it while using wires. There could be large remote place without using wires. Basically, WiTricity
number of applications for wireless power systems. eliminates the need for having a different charger for
Hence, in this work, a wireless battery charger has been each device we use. This is the fundamental advantage
proposed for mobile phone charging which is expected to we can get it from this technology. It is enough to
eliminate all the hassles with today’s battery technology. identify a location where we can put the portable
The advantage of this device is that it can wirelessly devices which is getting automatically charged.
charge up the batteries which can save time and money
WiTricity ensures that the power-hungry devices can
in a long run for the general public.
charge by their own without the need for plugging in
into to power cords using the chargers.
1.INTRODUCTION
Apart from safety (as there is no need of cables),
WiTricity provides more convenient in the sense that
Today, electricity plays a vital role in our modern-day
there is no need for manual recharging or changing the
life. As we are using many numbers of appliances
batteries and seems to be more reliable as the devices
using electricity, it is quite difficult to live without
will never run out of the battery power. Moreover,
electricity. Traditionally wires or cables are used to
WiTricity can make the environment as more eco-
carry the electrical power from one place to another.
friendly as it reduces the use of disposable batteries.
However, Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) has
Even though WiTricity provides automatic wireless
emerged as the technology in the recent days, where
charging, mainly requires short distances to charge.
the electrical power is transmitted from one place to
Hence, WiTricity is still under development where lots
another without the use of wires. The main theme
of research works are going on to improve its potential
behind WPT is to get rid of the risky usage of the wires
applications to even charge the larger vehicles or
at the same time to eliminate the difficulty in
equipment’s and also being operated over a longer
organizing the power.
distance. Hence, this work aims to propose a novel

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method of using WiTricity to charge the mobile designing a low cost, more efficient, simple WPT
phones without the use of wired chargers. The which can be compatible with any phone model.
significance of this work is to make an efficient power Electric vehicles are getting more attention today
transfer of low voltage over a shorter distance. The rather than traditional counterparts (which rely on
proposed work promises that the mobile users can natural resources) due to its nature of environment
carry their phones anywhere even if the place is devoid friendly. On et al presented an experimental method
of charging facilities [4]-[6]. of WPT for charging the electric vehicles using
inductive coupling method [12].
2. RELATED WORKS In continuation to that, Sultana et al proposed the
design of WPT based charging system for electric
Whenever we use the devices in our day-to-day vehicles by placing the WPT circuitry into the
activities and whatever may be the devices we use, it electrical vehicles [13]. This circuitry was activated
becomes essential to recharge the devices regularly when the electrical vehicles reached the charging area
with the help of wired chargers. But there may be a mainly to overcome the battery related issues in
situation that there may be no power supply due to electrical vehicles. The pros and cons of each WPT
some natural hazards may include cyclone, earthquake technologies, the research objectives of WPT such as
and etc. In that case, is there any possibility to transfer improving the transmission efficiency and the
the power from one mobile phone to another mobile distance, current state-of-art technologies of WPT, the
phone wirelessly? Keerthana and Pragadeshwar open research challenges of WPT are discusses by
addressed this issue in their work by eliminating the Mou in his work. Even the possibility of charging
need of physical power supply to the portable devices multiple devices using WPT in the near future is also
where the easy transfer of power from one mobile presented in [14].
phone to another mobile phone can be done using
inductive coupling [7]. This might be very useful in 3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
emergency condition.
There may be certain places where the wired systems 3.1Transmitter Section
can be unreachable or impossible. Hence, without Transmitter section consists of transmitter coil. Main
using wires, there should be way for finding the voltage is converted into high frequency alternating
effective methods to transfer the power between two current. The alternating current is sent to the
pints is the need of the hour. Sharma et al addressed transmitter coil by the transmitter circuit. The AC
this issue in their work [8]. The power can be current then induces a time varying magnetic field.
transferred by any one of the following three methods The AC current flowing within the transmitter coil
namely inductive coupling (for short-range), resonant creates magnetic field which extends to the receiver
induction (for midrange) and electromagnetic wave coil within specified distance.
transmission (for long-range). The objective of this
work was to charge a low power device using
inductive coupling by quickly and efficiently [9].
Likewise, it may not be always possible to carry the
mobile phone chargers wherever we go. It is quite hard
to carry the mobile phone chargers at all times at all
places. Vithyaa and Marthandan attempted to address
the implementation issues of WPT usage for mobile
phones and vehicles in their work [10].
Zaman et al emphasized the need for designing a
simplified model to transfer the electrical power from
one mobile to another mobile phone using the series- Fig. 1: Transmitter Circuit
series technology for charging inductively [11]. It is
inferred that more development is required for 3.2 Receiver Section

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Receiver section consists of receiver coil. The AC the inductance is depends upon the number of turns of
current from the receiver coil is admitted for coil:
rectification and filters to convert AC into DC. Then, L=N^2uA
the DC supply is admitted to the DC regulator (7812) I
to change the DC supply to 12v DC. Next the 12v DC Where,
is applied as an input to the PIC 16F877A.Then the • L= inductance of coil in henry
output is connected to the mobile adapter. Since we are • N= no. of turns in wire coil
obtaining very low DC supply, a mobile adapter is • u= permeability of core material
used. Using that adapter, mobile phone is admitted to • u0=1.26*10^-6T–m/At permeability of free space
the charging as shown in Fig.2. • A= area of coil in square meter
• I= Average length of coil in meter.
3.Distance between transmitting and receiving coil is
maximum 3 cm.

6. CONSTRUCTION

• Supply is connected with 1st terminal of

transmitting coil. LED is, used to detect supply is
on or off.
• Then we take MOSFET and 1st terminal of
Fig. 2: Receiver Circuit MOSFET is gain connected with 5k resistor in
series with 1st terminal of transmitting coil.
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM • And then the 1k ceramic capacitator is connected
in parallel with 5k resistor Also gain terminal
connected to ground with 1k ceramic capacitor.
• Then 2nd terminal of MOSFET which is drain is
connected with 1st and 2nd terminal of
transmitting coil. And 4.7k ceramic capacitor is
connected between these 2 terminals of
transmitting coil.
Fig. No .3 Block Diagram of wireless charging device • Then 3rd terminal of MOSFET which is source is
connected to ground and center tap of transmitting
5. DESIGN PROCEDURE coil. In between them 220k ceramic capacitor is
connected in series.
1.We use DC supply instead of AC supply. Because,
• For the receiving side 23 guage copper conductor
AC have 50Hz frequency. That means supply is
used to make coil and we take 30 turns then these
fluctuate 50 times in one second. But for that WPT
coils connected with full wave bridge rectifier as
system we need continue supply. So, we are using DC
input. Terminal connected to input of regulating
supply instead of AC.
IC .2nd terminal is connected to ground.
2.We calculate the number of turns of transmitting coil
• 10k ceramic capacitor and 100micro farad c
and receiving coil. The distance between the
• Another two terminal which is output 1st +ve
transmitting and receiving coil is depends upon
apacitor connected parallel in between these two
following factors:
terminals.
• No. of turns of coil.
• Middle terminal of regulating IC which is
• Frequency generated in the coil.
ground,it is connected to ground.output terminal
• Voltage generated by transmitting section.
of IC which is ground connected to device.
Also the design of primary and secondary that is the
• These output terminal short by 10 micro farad
number of turns depends upon the following formula,
capacitor

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7. WORKING 8.1 Non-Radiative Charging

• Wireless charging is based on principle of

magnetic resonance or Inductive Power Transfer
(IPT). Wireless charging also known as inductive
charging uses an electromagnetic field to transfer
energy between two objects through
Fig. No. 5 Non-Radiative Charging
electromagnetic induction.
The block diagram of the general non-radiative
• This is conventionally done with a charging pad charging is given in figure3demonstratesa block
also called charging station. Energy is sent diagram of a general non- radiative wireless charging
through an inductive coupling to an electronic system. The transmitter side consists of
device, which can then use that energy to charge i) an AC/DC rectifier, which converts alternating
batteries of electronic devices. current (AC) to direct current (DC); ii) a DC/DC
• Induction chargers use an induction coil to create converter, which alters the voltage of a source of DC
an alternating electromagnetic field from within a from one level to another; and iii) a DC/AC inverter,
charging station, and a second induction coil in which changes DC to AC. The receiver side is
the portable device takes power from composed of i) an AC/DC rectifier, which converts
electromagnetic field and converts it back into high frequency AC into DC, ii) a DC/DC converter,
electric current to charge the battery. which tunes the voltage of the DC, and iii) a load for
• The two induction coils in proximity combine to charging applications.
form an electrical transformer. Most wireless 8.1.1 Inductive coupling
chargers only operate over a short distance,
however, and while physical contact between a
electronic device and its charging station isn’t
necessary for induction to work but the field
generated is very weak and device must be in
direct contact of charging station.

8. CLASSIFICATION OF THE WIRELESS

CHARGING TECHNOLOGIES

Fig. No. 6 Inductive coupling

In this technique the electrical energy is transferred
between two coils based on the magnetic field
induction.

8.1.2 Magnetic resonance coupling

Fig. No. 4 Classification of the Wireless Charging

technologies
As illustrated in the above fig. no. 10 the wireless
charging is extensively characterized into 3 types.
They are non-radiative coupling-based charging,
radiative RF based charging and Acoustic ultrasonic
Fig. No. 7 Magnetic resonance coupling
based charging.

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In this technique the coupling based evanescent wave

coupling which generates and transfers the electrical
energy between the resonant coils through fluctuating
magnetic fields.

8.2 Radiative Charging-

Fig. No. 11 Transmitter Section.

After finishing the LED blinking, the transmitter
section is constructed. Fig.11 shows the detailed view
of transmitter. Here, the components like transformer,
Fig, No. 8 Radiative Charging bridge rectifier, regulator and a transmitter coil are
In this technology the RF radiation utilizes diffused used.
RF/microwave as the medium to carry the radiant
energy.

8.3 Acoustic Power Transfer-

Fig. 12: Receiver Section

After completing the transmitter section, the receiver
section is added which in turn connected to the PCB
board and tried to blink the LED. Since, the constant
voltage is not obtained; the relay switch is used to
Fig, No. 9 Flow of Energy Conversion during charge the phone.
acoustic power transfer
In this technology, ultrasonic which are sound waves
used to transmit the power through the dielectric air
media. This technology is a newly evolved one to have
biocompatible wireless power transfer technique in
bio-medical implantation.

9. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Blinking of the LED light is found by loading the Fig. 13: Charging Phone using WPT
program into the PIC microcontroller and connecting From Fig. 13, it is observed that the mobile device is
LED light into one of its port to get the output as getting charged. But the problem with this model is
shown in Fig. 10. that it produces low output voltage. Since the output
voltage is low, the charging rate of the mobile device
is less. Increasing the dimension of the coil and
bringing them in close proximity would form a
sufficing solution to the above. Instead of using a
single pair of inductor coils, multiple pairs connected
in parallel could be used to enhance the production of
output voltage.
Fig. No. 10 LED Blinking on PCB Board. 10. APPLICATIONS

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• Smart Phones, Portable Media Players, Digital • Electric Vehicles –

Cameras, and Tablets and Wearable – Consumers Smart charging stations for EVs (electric
are asking for easy-to-use solutions, increased vehicles) are also coming up but require much
freedom of positioning, and shorter charging higher powers. Standards are under development.
times. These applications typically require 2 W to • Miscellaneous –
15 W of power. Multistranded interoperability is Wireless chargers are finding its way into
preferred. Wireless charging can coexist with anything with a battery inside it. This includes
NFC (Near Field Communication) and Bluetooth, game and TV remotes, cordless power tools,
allowing for very creative solutions. For example, cordless vacuum cleaners, soap dispensers,
paired phones can charge each other up when hearing aids and even cardiac pacemakers.
placed back-to-back, after they negotiate the Wireless chargers are also capable of charging
appropriate host and client. super capacitors (super caps), or any device that is
• Accessories – Headsets, wireless speakers, mice, traditionally powered by a low-voltage power
keyboards and many other applications can cable.
benefit from wireless power transmission. • Low power applications are generally supportive
Plugging charging cables into the tiny connectors of small consumer electronic devices such as cell
of ever shrinking devices is an impediment to phones, handheld devices, some computers, and
robust design. For example, Bluetooth headsets similar devices which normally charge at power
need to be sweat proof to survive in a gym levels below 100 watts.
environment. Only wireless charging can enable • High power inductive charging generally refers to
that possibility. inductive charging of batteries at power levels
• Public Access Charging Terminal – above 1 kilowatt. The most prominent application
Deployment of charging pads (transmitters) in the area for high power inductive charging is in
public domain requires systems to be safe and support of electric vehicles, where inductive
secure. But smart charging systems can go well charging provides an automated and cordless
beyond stand-alone charging solutions. They can alternative to plug-in charging. Power levels of
enable quick network-connectivity and create these devices can range from approximately 1
billable charging stations if desired. Many coffee kilowatt to 300 kilowatts or higher. All high-
shops, airport kiosks and hotels support these power inductive charging systems use resonated
scenarios. Furniture manufacturers also design-in primary and secondary coils.
discreet wireless power transmitters into their end
and side tables. 11. CONCLUSION
• Computer Systems –
Laptops, notebooks, ultra-books and tablet PCs As for safety, there’s really nothing to worry about.
are all candidates for wireless charging as either The average wireless charging system creates a field
hosts or clients. The possibilities are endless. no more dangerous than radio waves, and waves are
• In-Cabin Automotive Applications – not strong enough to have any effect on human body.
A wireless charger is ideal for charging mobile Wireless battery charging has many advantages in
phones and key fobs by placing them either on the terms of convenience because users simply need to
dash or the centre console of the car, without place the device requiring power onto a mat or other
inconvenient wires going to the cigarette lighter surface to allow the wireless charging to take place.
socket. Moreover, since Bluetooth and Wi-fi We believe that our contribution in this work will
require authentication to connect phones to car successfully benefit society in terms of convenience,
electronics, combining NFC with wireless reduced wear of plugs and sockets, and application in
charging can enable the user to not only charge medical environments. Reduced efficiency is one of
the phone, but to automatically connect it to the the key challenges in wireless battery charging system
car’s Wi-fi and Bluetooth networks without going due to resistive losses on the coil, stray coupling and
through any specific setup process. etc.

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12. FUTURE WORK Research in Computer Science Engineering and

Information Technology, Vol. 4, No. 3, Special
The future studies mainly concentrate on reducing Issue: 3, pp. 984990, April 2016.
physical size of antenna and embed it in mobile itself [8] Jitendra Sharma, Kavita Jain, Muralidhar Jangid,
to give high efficiency and less loss. And designing Rakesh Prajapat, Shubham Sharma, Pradeep
high level power transmission system for charging Yadav, Nikhil Gupta,“International Journal of
laptops. We can increase the range between mobile & Engineering and Management Research”, Vol. 6,
wireless charger. Also, we improve charging time No. 2, pp. 248-251, March April 2016.
have good scope of work. [9] Mohamed A. Hassan, A.Elzawawi, “Wireless
Power Transfer through Inductive Coupling”,
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