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Separation of Mixture Worksheet

This document describes three techniques for separating mixtures: filtration, distillation, and chromatography. Filtration separates solids from liquids using a filter. Distillation separates components by selective boiling and condensation. Chromatography separates mixtures by dissolving them in a mobile phase that carries them through a stationary phase, causing different speeds of travel based on differential interactions.

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199 views

Separation of Mixture Worksheet

This document describes three techniques for separating mixtures: filtration, distillation, and chromatography. Filtration separates solids from liquids using a filter. Distillation separates components by selective boiling and condensation. Chromatography separates mixtures by dissolving them in a mobile phase that carries them through a stationary phase, causing different speeds of travel based on differential interactions.

Uploaded by

hbjvghcg
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Separation of Mixture Worksheet

In chemistry lab, there are many ways to separate different chemicals in a mixture. In this
worksheet, we will describe three general techniques that chemists use to separate chemicals in a
mixture by using their physical properties.

Filtration is a physical, biological or chemical operation that separates solid matter and fluid from
a mixture with a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass.
Solid particles that cannot pass through the filter medium are
described as oversize and the fluid that passes through is
called the filtrate. OThe size of the largest particles that can
successfully pass through a filter is called the effective pore
size of that filter. The separation of solid and fluid is imperfect;
solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will
contain fine particles (depending on the pore size, filter
thickness and biological activity).

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by
using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation
(nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of
selected components in the mixture.

Distillation has many applications. For example:


• Distillation of fermented products produce distilled beverages with a high alcohol content or
separate other fermentation products of commercial value.
• Distillation is an effective and traditional method of desalination.
• In the petroleum industry, oil stabilization is a form of partial distillation that reduces the
vapor pressure of crude oil, thereby making it safe for storage and transport as well as
reducing the atmospheric emissions of volatile hydrocarbons.
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is
dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another
material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different
speeds, causing them to separate. The separation is based on differential IMF between the mobile
and stationary phases.

Paper chromatography is a technique that involves placing a small dot or line of sample solution
onto a strip of chromatography paper. The paper is placed in a container with a shallow layer
of solvent and sealed. As the solvent rises through the paper, it meets the sample mixture, which
starts to travel up the paper with the solvent. This paper is made of a polar substance, and the
compounds within the mixture travel further if they are less polar. More polar substances bond
with the cellulose paper more quickly, and therefore do not travel as far.

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