CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The focus of the proposed work to apply novel image segmentation and other processing
techniques in the context of registration number plate identification and realization. Most of the
current works target standard Number plate formats such as the UK, Argentina or Russia.
Nicolas et al. introduce a novel approach called Intelligent Template Matching that is focused on
Argentinian Number plates. In a vast country like India, most of the plates are not standard, so a
solution is needed that targets multiple formats and fonts. Also, there is no standard data set
available for Indian Plates, so images and videos of Cars with Number plates were manually
taken, considering cases like low, non-uniform illumination, distant plates, blurry plates, varied
fonts etc. Since all the data were collected in India and most of the Number plates are composed
of four letters and six numbers. The assumption is that the Number plates are in the following
format: AP 31 BA 1432, where the first two characters signify the State of the Vehicle’s
Registration. Firstly, Number Plate region (the Region-of-Interest) is required to be located and
extracted amongst the larger captured image of the vehicle. Later, the task is to recognize the
numbers and characters present in the region of interest. By localizing the search to the region of
interest a minimum of 90% percent of the full image can be avoided because the number plate
region consists of only 10% of the full image of the vehicle under consideration. Another
advantage of number plate identification is to optimize the time and space complexities. (Ravi &
hari 2020).

With the increase in the number of automobiles, it has become increasingly challenging to track
them and almost impossible to identify the owners of these vehicles in case of violation of any
traffic law. This has led to increase in traffic congestion, and with it comes traffic problems.
Several cases of kidnapping, hit and run, robbery, smuggling, and on-road fatalities are
continuously reported, and this is because these vehicles cannot be easily recognized especially
moving at high speed. This has led to the need to develop a system that can tackle these issues.
Vehicle plate number recognition system was invented by the Britishin1976 at the police
scientific development branch in the UK. Prototype systems were already in full flow by 1979,
and initial contracts were awarded form as production sand industrial use.

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The earliest systems were deployed on the A1 road and at the Dartford Tunnel. However, it
gained more recognition in the last decade due to the advancement of the digital camera and the
increase in computational speed. The first written down case of VNPR being used to solve a
crime, in Bradford, UK. In the early 1990s, significant advancement in technology led to the
redesign of vehicle plate number recognition system from limited, highly expensive, fixed base
applications to simple easy to install mobile ones. Vehicle plate number generation system has
broad applications and is not limited to traffic control. It can be used in parking; it recognizes a
vehicle when it enters a gate and stores the information on a data base and when the vehicle is
leaving it matches it up with what has already been stored. It is also used in access control to
grant access to only vehicles of authorized personnel.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Traffic laws and devices are put in place to monitor and control traffic, including pedestrians,
motor vehicle drivers, and cyclists. As is well known, there are several traffic law offenders in
our country today and this has led to several accident incidents without any repercussion being
meted out. These traffic law breakers go about their business freely and confidently knowing that
they may never be caught because the appropriate systems have not been put in place.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this project is to design car plate number generation system using tabu search
algorithm. The objectives are:

i. To assist law enforcement agencies in tracking stolen vehicles

ii. To design a responsive system for crime detection
iii. To design a database that will serve as a repository for car plate numbers already
registered.

1.4  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Improved Performance and Efficiency: There is no comparison between the number of

plates an officer on patrol entering license plate information manually into an onboard computer
and the number that automated ACPR technology can handle. With the potential ability to read
up to 3,000 plates an hour, this technology can improve productivity. Not only does the system

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read plates rapidly, but hits are collected only on vehicles displaying license plates that match the
desired criteria and appear in the database.

ACPR can assist the police to identify persons of interest associated with criminal
activity. According to a recent article, auto theft is associated with a wide range of criminal
activities, including the offences of break and enter, armed robbery, and drug-related offences. In
other words, offenders steal cars for use in the commission of additional offences. For example,
drug offenders may steal from within cars, but may also steal the car to raise money to purchase
drugs.

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

Every project is carried out to achieve a set of goals with some conditions keeping in
mind that it should be easy to use, feasible and user friendly. As the goal of this project is to
develop an application that will provide access control through automated car plate recognition,
this system will be designed keeping in mind the conditions (easy to use, feasibility and user
friendly) stated above.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

i. Vehicle Registration: is the process where we add a vehicle’s details to the motor
vehicle register and issue its registration plates. You have to license your vehicle
regularly at least annually and you must display a current license label on your vehicle
windscreen.
ii. Car Plate: A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor
vehicle for official identification purposes. The registration identifier is a numeric or
alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies the vehicle within the issuing region’s
database.
iii. Automation: This is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching in telephone
networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal
or reduced human intervention. Most processes today have been completely automated.
The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labor; however, it is also used to save
energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision.

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 iv. Auto theft: Motor vehicle theft is the criminal act of stealing or attempting to steal a car
(or any other motor vehicle).
v. Vehicle owner: is a person who has met up with the entire necessary requirement for
owning a vehicle and has the right to drive it on public roads.
vi. Licensing office: A place where vehicle registration, licenses and other vehicle related
documents are performed.

1.7 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This is the overall organizational structure of the work as presented in this project write-
up.

Chapter one of this project deals with the introduction to the general work in the project.
It also entails the statement of the problem, aims and objectives of this project, the significance
of the study, the scope and limitation of the study and organization of the report.

Chapter two deals with the review related journals and books, historical background of of
the study, as well as computerization current state of the art.
Chapter three covers the methods used for data collection, description of the current
procedure, problems of existing system, description of the proposed system and the basic
advantages of the proposed web based application.

Chapter four entails design, implementation and documentation of the system. The design
involves the system design, output design form, input design form, database structure and the
procedure of the system. The implementation involves the implementation techniques used in
details, choice of programming language used and the hardware and software support. The
documentation of the system involves the operation of the system and the maintenance of the
system.

Chapter five deals with the summary, experience gained, conclusion, recommendation and
references.

CHAPTER TWO

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED WORK

Aniruddh et al (2016) vehicle number plate recognition system. The growing affluence of urban
India has made the ownership of vehicles a necessity. This has resulted in an unexpected civic
problem - that of traffic control and vehicle identification. Parking areas have become
overstressed due to the growing numbers of vehicles on the roads today. The Automatic Number
Plate Recognition System (ANPR) plays an important role in addressing these issues as its
application ranges from parking admission to monitoring urban traffic and to tracking
automobile thefts. There are numerous ANPR systems available today which are based on
different methodologies. In this paper, we attempt to review the various techniques and their
usage. The ANPR system has been implemented using template Matching and its accuracy was
found to be 80.8% for Indian number plates.

Ravi et al (2020) reviewed vehicle registration number plate detection and recognition using
image processing techniques. research area in smart cities and Internet of Things. Many of the
existing automated number plate recognition systems work only in a controlled environment
where images are captured from a straight angle with good illumination, clarity and standard
fonts. Another drawback of existing works is that, they are based on UK number plates and may
not suite for Indian number plates. This paper presents a novel image processing system for
Indian number plate detection and recognition that can deal with, noisy, low illuminated, cross
angled, non-standard font number plates. This work employs several image processing
techniques such as, morphological transformation, Gaussian smoothing, and Gaussian
thresholding in the pre-processing stage. Next, for number plate segmentation, contours are
applied by border following and contours are filtered based on character dimensions and spatial
localization. Finally, after the region of interest filtering and de-skewing, K-nearest neighbor
algorithm is used for character recognition. The proposed methods demonstrated promising and
de- skewing.

Oluchi et al (2019) development of a nigeria vehicle license plate detection system. The
importance of license plate detection system cannot be overemphasized in intelligent transport
systems. License plate is a major component in most of the applications related to intelligent
transport system. Moreover, it is also a quite popular and active research topic in the field of

5
computer vision and image processing. Different techniques and algorithms have been proposed
to detect license plate number from a vehicle image. Nevertheless, due to the variation in climate
conditions, characteristics of the license plate, numbering system, colors, fonts and size, further
work is still needed in this field in order to make the detection and recognition process accurate
and very efficient. For these reasons, this paper presents a scheme for license plate detection
using current image processing techniques. The developed scheme used images obtained from
Caltech database and our newly acquired Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) dataset. To detect the
license plate, the acquired images were pre-processed to reduce the computational requirement
of the developed scheme. Canny operation is performed to detect the edge of the pre-processed
images then histogram equalization is applied to spread out the contrast of the image. Edged
information is used to extract the region which constituted the license plate number and lastly
Support Vector Machine is used to distinguish the true license plate from other regions. The
performance of the developed scheme is evaluated on the Caltech dataset and the ABU dataset.
The experimental result shows that our model achieved a better detection rate accuracy than
some existing methods.

Nathan et al (2020) opined that smart plate number recognition system for fast cars with web
application. Traffic law violation has been recognized as a major cause for road accident sin
most parts of the world with majority occurring in developing countries. Even with the presence
of rules and regulations stipulated again this, violators are still on the increase. This is due to the
fact that the rules are not properly enforced by appropriate authorities in those parts of the world.
Therefore, a system needs to be designed to assist law enforcement agencies to impose these
rules to improve road safety and reduce road accidents. This work uses a Vehicle Plate Number
Recognition (VNPR) system which is a real-time embedded system to automatically recognize
license plate numbers. It provides an alternative meansto VPNR using an open-source library
known as open CV. The main aim of the system is to use image processing to identify vehicles
violating traffic by their plate numbers. It consists of an IR sensor for detecting the vehicle.
During testing, a minimum time was set for the sensor to detect the object which was recorded
by the microprocessor. Once it was less than the settime, the camera was triggered to capture the
plate number and store the image on the RaspberryPi. The image captured is processed by the
RaspberryPi to extract the numbers on the image. The numbers on the capture imaged were
viewed on a web page viaanIPaddress. The system if implemented can be used to improve road

6
safety and control traffic of emerging smart cities. It will also be used to apply appropriate
sanctions for traffic law violators.

Attah & Aibinu (2016) reviewed Nigerian vehicles license plate recognition and classification
system, Automatic Vehicle License Plate Recognition and Classification System (AVLPRCS) is
a vital process in intelligent traffic system management. It has been used in recent past for
identification, recognition and access control purposes. This work took the advantage of the
uniqueness of the Nigerian License Plate number system, especially the colour coding scheme ,
in the development of automatic vehicle license plate recognition system. The algorithm presen
ted in this paper is targeted towards producing a non - computational time intensive AVLPRCS
which can efficiently recognize Nigerian vehicle license plates and classify vehicles into
government, commercial or private vehicles. Vehicle plate number images were acquired using
low cost digital camera. Then, various pre - processing operation were carried out on the
acquired images. Image segmentation was done using water shed (morphological) segmentation
techniques while template matching technique was used for image recognition and classification.
The system performance analysis shows 80% segmentation and 100% colour code classification
accuracy during various test conditions and stages.

Naikur (2016) Reviewed car license plate detection, the number of vehicles has increased
drastically. With this increase, it is becoming difficult to keep track of each vehicle for purpose
of law enforcement and traffic management. License Plate Recognition is used increasingly
nowadays for automatic toll collection, maintaining traffic activities and law enforcement. Many
techniques have been proposed for plate detection, each having its own advantages and
disadvantages. The basic step in License Plate Detection is localization of number plate. The
approach mentioned in this project is a histogram based approach. This approach has an
advantage of being simple and thus faster. Initially, license plate localization is implemented
using MATLAB and verified for its functionality. Once the functionality is verified, the
algorithm is implemented on EVM320DM6437 Texas Instrument (TI) Digital Video
Development Starter Kit (DVDSK). By implementing this algorithm on a kit, we eliminate need
of computers and thus think of portable implementation of such application.

Xin Li (2010) opined that vehicle license plate detection and recognition method using a SVM
(Support Vector Machine) classifier with HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) features. The

7
system performs window searching at different scales and analyzes the HOG feature using a
SVM and locates their bounding boxes using a Mean Shift method. A car head and rear detection
method was also proposed to accelerate the time consuming scanning process. A comparison of
the performance for different cell and block sizes of HOG feature is provided, and four rounds of
bootstrapping was performed to achieve better detection performance. Our license plate detection
results show that this method is relatively insensitive to variations in illumination, license plate
patterns, camera perspective and background variations. We tested our method on the Caltech
data set (1999), and achieved a detection rate of 96.0%. We also studied how its performance is
impacted by different levels of noise and motion blur.

Priya & Rohit (2013) Vehicle Registration in Nigeria began over 100 years ago and the records
have been essentially manual which in turn has not help to raise the efficiency of general
automotive services in recent years. Today, computer has been discovered as a very efficient
instrument, which has played a very significant role in adequate management of information.
Besides, it has played more roles in country. However, computerization has helped in many areas
of life and due to vehicle owners, the thought of computerization of this operation becomes of
great important in order to wipe out the manual data processing system from which many
problem have originated. The problems, which have engulfed the objectives of motor vehicles
registration, are extensively discussed in this project together with the new method that was
innovated.

Kodex (2010) Reviewed vehicle registration plate is a metal of plastic plate attached to a motor
vehicle for official identification purposes. The registration identifier is a numeric or
alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies the vehicle within the issuing region’s database. In
some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique
within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also
varies by issuing agency. Depending on the country, the vehicle registration plate may be called
a license plate, tag, car plate or number plate. Most governments require a registration plate to be
attached to both the front and rear of a vehicle, although certain jurisdictions or vehicle types,
such as motorboats require only one plate, which is usually attached to the rear of the vehicle.
National databases relate this number to other information describing the vehicle; such as the

8
make, model, color, year of manufacture, engine size, type of fuel used, Vehicle Identification
(Chassis) Number and the name and address of the vehicle’s registered owner or keeper.

2.2 OVERVIEW OF CAR PLATE NUMBER GENERATION

The increasing affluence of modern life has led to an increase in the number of user-road
vehicles. This has led to an unprecedented level in civil problems the problems being vehicle
identification and traffic control. Due to the increasing challenge of traffic control, there arises a
need to manage traffic better. The recognition of fast-moving vehicles is an important aspect of
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). It was developed to implement information and
communication technologies in the field of road transport, some of which include vehicle
management, traffic management as well as interfacing with other systems of transportation. A
lot of researchers have tried to develop ITS systems with different levels of success stories. The
authors in designed a system to recognize plate numbers using Python and OpenCV. The design
was implemented using a real-time embedded system designed to automatically identify number
plates of vehicles. The system made use of the python software and image processing algorithms
in the OpenCV library to capture the image. It was also used in preprocessing to resize the
image, perform error checking, and convert image to grayscale.

2.2.1 License Plate Detection

A. Binary Image Processing

To extract license plate regions from background images, techniques based on combinations of
edge statistics and morphology can achieve good results, they applied edge operators on a gray
image after smoothing and normalization to extract horizontal and vertical edge maps. Statistical
analysis of edges was then performed to detect the rectangle of license plate. The procedure was
performed in a hierarchical manner at different scales. Several license plate regions were left
after the rule-based fusion. The final decision was made based on the connected component
analysis (CCA). They claimed that their algorithm can achieve 99.6% detection rate from 9825
images. Many other license plate detection algorithms also follow similar procedures. However,
such methods are typically based on a hypothesis that the edges of the license plate frames are
clear and horizontal. If the license plate frames were not clear or they had some affine
transformation, these algorithms may not produce reliable results.

9
B. Gray-Level Processing

The large contrast between the characters and the background is exploited to detect license plates
with black characters over white backgrounds. While some other algorithms assumed that the
density of edges in the license plate region is larger than other regions if the contrast of the
character and the license plate is sufficiently large. For example they scanned the vehicle images
with N-row distance to count the existent edges. Regions with high edge density will likely have
the license plate inside. Similarly, a block-based method was proposed, and blocks with high
edge magnitude and variance are considered as the license plate region.

2.2.2 License Plate Recognition

A. Classifiers

Various multilayered neural networks have been used for license plate recognition. In [30], they
authors used a discrete-time cellular neural networks (DTCNN's) to extract four different
features (horizontal projection, vertical projection, horizontal connected component count and
vertical connected component count) and an ordinary multi-layer perception network (MLP) to
do the classification. A 98.5% recognition rate was reported using this method. Chang et al.
proposed a LPR method using self-organizing neural networks which was able to handle noisy,
deformed, broken or incomplete characters in license plates. The topological features of the input
characters were first calculated and compared with the pre-stored character templates, which will
be performed by the self-organizing character recognition procedure. An impressive 95.6%
recognition rate was achieved over a large data set.

2.2.3 Support Vector Machine

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are kernel-based learning systems that use N dimensional
hyper-plane that optimally separate data into two categories where the maximal margin can be
obtained. It was developed by Vapnik and co-workers at AT&T Bell Laboratories. In our
application, we used a dense version of SVMLight which reduced memory usage for problems
with large dense descriptors. Linear kernels are used in SVM.

2.2.4 Segmentation

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Once the processing of an image is completed, the next step is segmentation. On this hardware,
the segmentation is performed by observing the values of filtered histograms. A set of row and
column numbers having highest probability of containing a number plate are prepared. These set
of values are passed to the next step known as region of interest extraction.

2.2.5 Obtaining Vehicle Number Plate

(a) Documents required for registration of Brand New vehicle:

i. Attestation letter from the company of purchase;

ii. Receipt of Purchase/Invoice;
iii. Delivery note from the company of purchase
iv. Passport photograph of the vehicle owner;
v. Motor Vehicle Duty Certificate (Book C.191/FormC191) (Custom Card) to be

(b) Documents needed for registration of imported used Vehicle

i. Motor Vehicle Duty Certificate (Book C. 191/Form C. 191 (Custom Card)

ii. Payment Schedule (Form Sale 156) (attached to Custom Card)
iii. Certificate of Entry (Form sale 157) (attached to Custom Card)
iv. Bill of Lading containing the Chassis Number
v. Engine Number (to be copied out from the engine of the vehicle)
vi. Receipt of Purchase

CHAPTER THREE

11
 METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology has many research dimensions and methods. The scope of research
methodology is wider than research method. This is mainly adopted by the researcher in
undertaking this research. Methodology is the underlying principles and rules that govern a
system method on the other hand it is a systematic procedure for a set of activities. Thus, from
these definitions a methodology encompasses the methods used within a study.

HOW TABU SEARCH ALGORITHM WORK WITH THE SYSTEM

1. Initialize.
1.1 Determine search neighborhood(s) to be used and solution evaluation criteria.
1.2 Define tabu list(s) structure(s) and processes.
1.3 Define aspiration criteria and memory structures to employ.
1.4 Create initial solution to problem.
2. Local search. Examine and evaluate neighboring solutions. Select best non tabu neighbor or
best tabu neighbor that meets aspiration criteria.
3. Implement move to the selected neighbor. Update tabu list structures (and other memory
structures used). Return to Step 2 if stopping conditions are not met.
4. Return best solution found.
The choice of programming language used in the development of the software are listed below:

C#, PHP, MySQL, Wamp version 5.0 (server-side). The proposed system has 5 modules
working hand in hand for the efficiency of this systems, the module are

i. Splash Screen: this give details the

ii. Login Module: this give authorized user access to the system for use.
iii. Case Recording Module: this module allow user to add information about bus
location as well as drivers details.
iv. Complain Module: this module allow user to make complain about a particular
crime to the chambers.
v. Report: this module allow user display all record of registered criminal.
vi. Search Record: this module allow user to search record of criminal using their ID

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 Splash Screen

Main Menu

Login

Process Plate number Generation Done

Program Flow

3.2 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

Vehicle Registration used to involve manual recording of vehicle’s information which ranges
from cars to buses and later to trucks and heavy duty equipment on ledgers and tracking other
related information such as registration, road worthiness test certificates, change of ownership,
engine and chassis numbers; and expiration of road license. This process has been extremely
inefficient and recovery of the information was not possible once ledgers were damaged or lost
as it frequently occurs.

3.3 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The mode of storage is both in paring form and in digitized (i.e computer) form. Owing
to lack of proper database maintenance plan, database recovery plan coupled with the increase in
the vehicle registration various problem raise their ugly head in various fashions. The problems
are itemized below.

i. Poor performance experienced during information retrieval, due to Lack of efficient

storage of data.
ii. Lack of proper, correct, accurate and concise information about the car owner.
iii. The delay associated with the registration, because of the manual methods of operation.

13
 iv. Lack of proper and accurate keeping of information about old records that have been
stored for some time.
v. The issue of security of records

3.4 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system is focused to solve the two main problems prevalent in educational
institutions, namely keeping a track of number and type of vehicles currently in the premise
while also aiding owners with exact time their vehicle had left premise in case of thefts. The
System consists of two major components, 1) A Video capturing source. 2) The application that
is developed using C#. The block diagram for the proposed system.

3.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE NEW SYSTEM OVER THE EXISTING SYSTEM

i. Used to identify a motorist when he/she drives away without paying for their fuel
ii. For lawful purposes
iii. registration plates to a detailed record of information
iv. To be able to identify which state the vehicle belong to
v. To keep track of plate number on crime scene

CHAPTER FOUR

14
 DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

4.1 DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM

The proposed system is designed in modules with each modules working together to perform the
goal of lecture delivery of a particular program in order to enhance the performance of the
existing system as earlier above. The ability to analyze and give focus to the system is explained
in the following formats which are output design, input design, and procedure design.

4.1.1 OUTPUT DESIGN

The output to be extracted from the proposed system are as shown below

CAR PLATE NUMBER GENERATION SYSTEM

Mr. Bolaji-Adetoro

Figure. 4.1This is the First Page of the Program.

15
Figure 4.2 This is the Home Page in which user can navigate to any option of their choice

4.1.2 INPUT DESIGN

The inputs to be extracted from the proposed system are as shown below

Figure 4.4This is the registration area for creating new account.

Figure 4.5 This shows the modification module.

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Figure 4.6 This shows the Collection module.

4.1.3 DATABASE DESIGN

This refers to the tables used in the proposed system. The database design for the
proposed system is as shown below

Table 4.1 Drivers Table

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Table 4.2 Collection Table

4.1.4 PROCEDURE DESIGN

The procedure design refers to the construct of the whole program i.e. how each section
functions individually and collectively as a whole to make up the whole execution of the
program work/operate according to specification.
The system contains four submenus, each submenu having difference form and they are control
by modules.
The system allow user to register as a member to be able to log on into the system, the user also
is allow to view is profile, so also to edit its information if necessary.

4.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The design system depends on the capabilities and power of the computer on which the
application system is installed. However, selecting a choice of application support (Hardware
and Software) depends much on;
- How readily the user is to interfere with the computer
- Cost and benefits
- Managements support for changes
Hence, choosing the appropriate hardware and software will enhance the performance of
the system.

18
 A most important requirement on which the running of the program basically depends on
is the provision of internet facility. So any system that must run this program must be connected
ready.
4.2.1 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
The system was designed with Visual Basic 6.0 for interface design and Microsoft Access for
database provision for querying the database Dbaseas the database management system.
During the analysis of the programming language to be use, various language where
examine but Visual Basic and Microsoft Access were chosen because they are server side
programing language. Visual Basic where decided to be use due to the following reason
1. Visual Basic is easy to understand during designing
2. It can be easily manipulate in other to design a user friendly environment
3. It can be easily manipulate with Microsoft Access in access for database reference.

4.2.2 HARDWARE SUPPORT

The hardware requires for the effective running of the system are as follows:
1. A voltage stabilizer of not less than 240 volts.
2. Processor of about 2.0GHz
3. RAM OF 2.0GHz
4. A modem (Modulator Demodulator)
5. A UPS
6. A standby generator
7. A split air conducting unit
8. Anti-spark devices to protect the system against spark and lightening.
9. Computer system
4.2.3 SOFTWARE SUPPORT
The software requirements are as follow
1. A network operating system windows NT from Microsoft, Novell Netware.
2. DBM either Access
3. Microsoft Access as the query language to query the database.
4. [Link]

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4.2.4 IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES USED IN DETAILS
These deals with the processes and steps taking to put the system into use, before the
system can be fully employed into the system, some training might have been done by the
user of the application if he or she is a computer illiterate, because the user might be a
computer illiterate, so also the system might have also been use.
Since the work of an expert cannot be eliminated from the system, the computerized
system will have to work hand in hand with the expert in the field.

4.3 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

After the program has been well tested with input that the output has already been known,
the next is to install the software in to the computer system for use.
The process of installing are been stated below

After the program has been fully install. The next thing is to locate the package install to put
it into operation, to locate the package for expiration purpose the following step are to be taking
.
4.3.1 PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION
Proper and adequate documentation is part of the quality of a good program hence to work
with the software. You click on start button then locate all programs and click on
ORGANIZATION-Chat the home screen, input password and username; the chat page will be
display and it would list all available friends, green to indicate online friends and red to indicate
offline friends. So you can select any menu from the list provided in other to perform any
operation you desired to perform.
4.3.2 OPERATING THE SYSTEM
To operate the system, the following algorithm must be followed:-
* Switch the System on
* Allow it to boot and load all the startup data and variables
* Click on start menu
* select the package name “ORGANIZATION-Chat” and wait for the application to load.
From the list of menu that appears on the application main page, user can select any one
to navigate and carry the operation of the menu item.

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 4.3.3 MAINTAINING THE SYSTEM
Built-in safeguards of the system to prevent illegal or accidental alteration of the data files.
Provisions to store completed transactions, balances, and statements safely and to restore this
information if necessary, ability of the software to accurately recover from an accidental or
improper shutdown.
The features of the system meet the needs of the social network in an appropriate fashion.
Integration refers to how well the different components of the system can communicate with
each other, thus allowing data sharing and reducing the need for multiple entries of data (the
need to input the same data into different parts of the system).

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION FURTHER STUDY

5.1 SUMMARY

Vehicle License system used to involve manual recording of vehicles information, which ranges
from cars to buses and later to truck and heavy duty equipment. Vehicle licensing in Nigeria
began over 100 years ago and the records have been essentially manual which in turn has not
helped to raise the efficiency of general automotive services in recent years. The federal
government of Nigeria has identified economic development as a major driver for achieving the
2020 socio-economic development. The online vehicle licensing system is a must for any

21
country that wants to be information and communication technology inclined and ready to
reduce the vehicle crime rate and corruption in her system.

5.2 CONCLUSION
A lot of research has been performed on detection and recognition of license plate. Different
researchers provided different methods and techniques for this process. However, every
technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore each country has its own
license plate numbering system, colors, language of characters, style (font) and sizes. Even
within the same country the license plate differs from state to state and in terms of types of
License plate. However, desirable work for Saudi Arabian license plate detection and
recognition could not get required attention in the literature. It is mainly due to the reason of
different style of Saudian license plates. Although some researchers have been performed on
Arabic LP detection and recognition, but this research is different from the previous works
because Saudi Arabian license plate use English numbers with Arabic characters written on it
and because of the complex font of the text on its plate. Saudi Arabian vehicle plate
identification presents a critical issue due its unique nature. The proposed approach has been
tested on 200 front images of national license plate of Saudi Arabia. A higher percentage of
accuracy has been obtained to show that the significant of this approach. The study could be
further investigated on other middle east countries.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION
One thing must be researched in the computerization of vehicle license system with the mind of
perfecting it and making it more useful in the real sense of things is the security of information
handling software. The security of vehicle license system is very crucial considering the
prevention of vehicle crime and similar vices so it is worth further researching. Therefore, it’s
highly recommended that motor licensing office Abuja, Nigeria should set up a computer based
online system with access control to prevent irregularities in its functions.

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 REFERENCES

Aloha (2016) driver licensing offices, Director of Transportation, State of Hawaii No part of this
manual may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Director of
Transportation of the State of Hawaii.

Christopher (2015) online motor vehicle licensing system, Proceedings of the World Congress
on Engineering 2015 Vol I WCE
Guanghan (2013) vehicle license plate detection and recognition, Proceedings of Seventh
International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

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Hammawa & Bisallah (2019) Online Motor Vehicle Licensing System Using RBAC
Mechanism, International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering.

Hassan et al (2019) Online Motor Vehicle Licensing System Using RBAC Mechanism,
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) E-ISSN
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Joseph (2016) Transition to e-government in Developing countries The Case of Driver and
Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA) e-Service Smart City Initiatives in Ghana, 27th
European Regional Conference of the ITS, Cambridge, UK

Khalid & Maglad (2015) Review Vehicle License Plate Detection and Recognition System,
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Obanhe (2015) Vehicle Registration, The 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering
and Informatics (ICEEI 2013)

Olutola et al (2015) Web-based Portal for Vehicle Licensing Management, Proceedings of the
World Congress on Engineering 2015 Vol I WCE Members, IAENG.
Vijay et al (2019) Review Study on Vehicle License Information Management and Processing
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