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11.python Try Except

The try block allows you to test code for errors, the except block handles any errors, and the else block lets you execute code when there are no errors. The finally block executes code regardless of whether an error occurred or not. You can have multiple except blocks to handle different error types. Formatting strings with .format() allows you to insert variables into placeholders in a string. Index numbers or names can be used to reference specific format parameters.

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120 views

11.python Try Except

The try block allows you to test code for errors, the except block handles any errors, and the else block lets you execute code when there are no errors. The finally block executes code regardless of whether an error occurred or not. You can have multiple except blocks to handle different error types. Formatting strings with .format() allows you to insert variables into placeholders in a string. Index numbers or names can be used to reference specific format parameters.

Uploaded by

atozdhiyanes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Try Except

 The try block lets you test a block of code for errors.
 The except block lets you handle the error.
 The else block lets you execute code when there is no error.
 The finally block lets you execute code, regardless of the result of the try-
and except blocks.

Exception Handling

When an error occurs, or exception as we call it, Python will normally stop
and generate an error message.

These exceptions can be handled using the try statement:

Example

The try block will generate an exception, because x is not defined:

try:
  print(x)
except:
  print("An exception occurred")

Since the try block raises an error, the except block will be executed.

Without the try block, the program will crash and raise an error:
Many Exceptions

You can define as many exception blocks as you want, e.g. if you want to
execute a special block of code for a special kind of error:

Example

Print one message if the try block raises a NameError and another for other
errors:

try:
  print(x)
except NameError:
  print("Variable x is not defined")
except:
  print("Something else went wrong")

Else

You can use the else keyword to define a block of code to be executed if no errors
were raised:

Example

In this example, the try block does not generate any error:

try:
  print("Hello")
except:
  print("Something went wrong")
else:
  print("Nothing went wrong")

Finally

The finally block, if specified, will be executed regardless if the try block raises an
error or not.

Example
try:
  print(x)
except:
  print("Something went wrong")
finally:
  print("The 'try except' is finished")

This can be useful to close objects and clean up resources:

Example

Try to open and write to a file that is not writable:

try:
  f = open("demofile.txt")
  try:
    f.write("Lorum Ipsum")
  except:
    print("Something went wrong when writing to the file")
  finally:
    f.close()
except:
  print("Something went wrong when opening the file")

The program can continue, without leaving the file object open.
Python String Formatting

To make sure a string will display as expected, we can format the result with the
format() method.

String format()

The format() method allows you to format selected parts of a string.

Sometimes there are parts of a text that you do not control, maybe they come from
a database, or user input?

To control such values, add placeholders (curly brackets {}) in the text, and run the
values through the format() method:

Example

Add a placeholder where you want to display the price:

price = 49
txt = "The price is {} dollars"
print(txt.format(price))

You can add parameters inside the curly brackets to specify how to convert the
value:
Example

Format the price to be displayed as a number with two decimals:

txt = "The price is {:.2f} dollars"

Check out all formatting types in our String format() Reference.

Multiple Values

If you want to use more values, just add more values to the format() method:

print(txt.format(price, itemno, count))

And add more placeholders:

Example
quantity = 3
itemno = 567
price = 49
myorder = "I want {} pieces of item number {} for {:.2f} dollars."
print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))
Index Numbers

You can use index numbers (a number inside the curly brackets {0}) to be sure the
values are placed in the correct placeholders:

Example
quantity = 3
itemno = 567
price = 49
myorder = "I want {0} pieces of item number {1} for {2:.2f} dollars."
print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))

Also, if you want to refer to the same value more than once, use the index number:

Example
age = 36
name = "John"
txt = "His name is {1}. {1} is {0} years old."
print(txt.format(age, name))

Named Indexes

You can also use named indexes by entering a name inside the curly brackets
{carname}, but then you must use names when you pass the parameter values
txt.format(carname = "Ford"):
Example
myorder = "I have a {carname}, it is a {model}."
print(myorder.format(carname = "Ford", model = "Mustang"))

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