CHAPTER-WISE PREVIOUS YEARS' QUESTIONS

MATHEMATICS
HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Class X (CBSE)
Edition: 2021-22
Contents
Term - II Chapters for Class X (CBSE)

CHAPTER TOPIC PAGE NO.

NO.

MATHEMATICS
1. Quadratic Equations ............................................................................01 – 09

2. Arithmetic Progressions .......................................................................10 – 17

3. Some Applications of Trigonometry .....................................................18 – 26

4. Circles ..................................................................................................26 – 36

5. Constructions .......................................................................................36 – 40

6. Surface Areas and Volumes.................................................................41 – 53

7. Statistics...............................................................................................54 – 57
 MATHEMATICS
1 : Quadratic Equations

1. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 5. Given quadratic equation is,

x2 + 2.3x + (3)2 = 0 [½] px 2  2 5 px  15  0
(x + 3)2 = 0 Here, a  p, b  2 5 p, c  15
 x = –3 is the solution of x2 + 6x + 9 = 0. [½] For real equal roots, discriminant = 0

2. 3 3 x 2  10 x  3  0.  b2 – 4ac = 0 [½]

 2 
2
Discriminant for ax 2 + bx + c = 0 will be  5p  4 p(15)  0
b2 – 4ac. [½]
 20p2 – 60p = 0
 For the given quadratic equation
 20p(p – 3) = 0
2
 (10)  4 3 3   3   p = 3 or p = 0
But, p = 0 is not possible.
= 100 – 36
 p=3 [½]
= 64 [½]
6. ∵ x = 3 is one of the root of x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0
3. Answer (B)
(3)2 – 2k(3) – 6 = 0
Given a quadratic equation 9 – 6k – 6 = 0
x2 – 3x – m(m + 3) = 0 3 – 6k = 0 [½]
 x2 – (m + 3)x + mx – m(m + 3) = 0 [½] 3 = 6k
x(x – (m + 3)) + m(x – (m + 3)) = 0 3 1
k  [½]
6 2
(x – (m + 3))(x + m) = 0
7. x2 + 4x + k = 0
 x = –m, m + 3 [½]
∵ Roots of given equation are real,
4. Answer (A)
D0 [½]
It is given that 1 is a root of the equations  (4)2 – 4 × k  0
ay2 + ay + 3 = 0 and y2 + y + b = 0.
 –4k  –16
Therefore, y = 1 will satisfy both the equations.  k4
 a(1)2 + a(1) + 3 = 0  k has all real values  4 [½]
 a+a+3=0 8. 3x2 – 10x + k = 0
 2a + 3 = 0 [½] ∵ Roots of given equation are reciprocal of each
other.
3
 a 1
2 Let the roots be and . [½]

Also, (1)2 + (1) + b = 0
c
 1+1+b=0 Product of roots 
a
 b = –2 1 k
 . 
 3
3
 ab   2  3 [½]  k = 3 [½]
2
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 2 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
9. Given; mx(x – 7) + 49 = 0 13. 4x2 + 4bx – (a2 – b2) = 0
 mx2 – 7mx + 49 = 0
 a2  b2 
2  x 2  bx   0
D  (7m )  4m  49 [1] 4
 
49m 2  4m  49  0
b a2  b2
49 m 2  4m  49  x 2  2   x 
2 4
m=4 [∵ m  0] [1]
2 2
b b a2  b2  b 
10. Given quadratic equation is 3x2 – 2kx + 12 = 0  x 2  2   x       [1]
Here a = 3, b = –2k and c = 12. 2 2 4 2
2
The quadratic equation will have equal roots if b a2
=0   x   
 2 4
 b2 – 4ac = 0
b a
Putting the values of a, b and c we get  x 
2 2
(2k)2 – 4(3)(12) = 0 [1]
 4k2 – 144 = 0 b a
 x 
2 2
 4k2 = 144
144 b  a b  a
 k2   36  x ,
4 2 2
Considering square root on both sides, ab  a  b  . [1]
Hence, the roots are    and  
k  36  6  2   2 
Therefore, the required values of k are 6 and –6. [1] 14. Given –5 is a root of the quadratic equation
2 2x2 + px – 15 = 0.
11. 4 3x  5x  2 3  0
 4 3x 2  8x  3x  2 3  0  –5 satisfies the given equation.

 4x  
3x  2  3  
3x  2  0 [1]  2(–5)2 + p(–5) – 15 = 0

  4 x  3  3x  2  0   50 – 5p – 15 = 0
 35 – 5p = 0
3 2
 x
or x   [1]
4 3  5p = 35
12. Comparing the given equation with the standard  p=7 [1]
quadratic equation (ax2 + bx + c = 0), we get
a = 2, b = a and c = –a2 Substituting p = 7 in p(x2 + x) + k = 0, we get
7(x2 + x) + k = 0
b  b 2  4ac
Using the quadratic formula, x  ,
2a  7x2 + 7x + k = 0
we get :
The roots of the equation are equal.
a  a 2  4  2  ( a )2
x [1]  Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = 0
22
a  9a 2 Here, a = 7, b = 7, c = k

4 b2 – 4ac = 0
a  3a
  (7)2 – 4(7)(k) = 0
4
a  3a a a  3a  49 – 28k = 0
 x  or  a
4 2 4  28k = 49
So, the solutions of the given quadratic equation
a 49 7
are x  or x  a. [1]  k  [1]
2 28 4
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 3
15. Quadratic equation px2 – 14x + 8 = 0 18. 4x2 – 4ax + (a2
– =0b2)
Also, one root is 6 times the other  (4x2 – 4ax + a2) – b2 = 0 [1]
 [(2x2) – 2.2x.a + a2] – b2 = 0
Let say one root = x
 [(2x – a)2] – b2 = 0 [1]
Second root = 6x  [(2x – a) – b][(2x – a) + b] = 0
14  [(2x – a) – b] = 0 or [(2x – a) + b] = 0
From the equation : Sum of the roots  
p ab ab
 x ; x [1]
8 2 2
Product of roots  2
p 19. 3x  2 6x  2  0
14  3x 2  6x  6x  2  0
 x  6x  .
p  3   3 x  2   2  3 x  2   0 [1]

x
2
p
[1]   3x  2  3x  2   0
 2  0
2
8
2  3x 
 6x 
p
 3x  2  0 [1]
2
2 8  3x  2
 6  
p p 2 2 3 6
 x   [1]
 3
2 3
64 8 3

p2 p 20. (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
p=3 [1] a = k + 4, b + k + 1, c = 1
16. Let assume two numbers be x, y. For equal roots, discriminant, D = 0 [1]
 b2 – 4ac = 0
Given, x + y = 8  x = 8 – y ...(i)
 (k + 1)2 – 4(k + 4) × 1 = 0
1 1 8  k2 + 2k + 1 – 4k – 16 = 0
  [1]
x y 15  k2 – 2k – 15 = 0 [1]
xy 8 8 8  k2 – 5k + 3k – 15 = 0
  
xy 15 xy 15  k(k – 5) + 3(k – 5) = 0
 xy = 15 [1]  (k – 5)(k + 3) = 0
 k = 5 or k = –3
From (i) xy = y(8 – y) = 15
Thus, for k = 5 or k = –3, the given quadratic
 y2 – 8y + 15 = 0 equation has equal roots. [1]
y = 3, 5  x = 5, 3 21. Given equation :
 The numbers are 3 and 5. [1] 4 5 3
3  ; x  0, 
2 x 2x  3 2
17. x  3 5 x  10  0
4 5
3 
For any quadratic equation x 2x  3
4  3x 5
b  b 2  4ac   [1]
ax 2  bx  c  0  x  [1] x 2x  3
2a  (4 – 3x)(2x + 3) = 5x
 For the given equation  –6x2 + 8x – 9x + 12 = 5x
 6x2 + 6x – 12 = 0
3 5  45  40
x [1]  x2 + x – 2 = 0 [1]
2
 x2 + 2x – x – 2 = 0
3 5 5  (x + 2)(x – 1) = 0
x
2  (x + 2) = 0 or (x – 1) = 0
 x = –2 or x = 1
 x  5, 2 5 [1]
Thus, the solution of the given equation is –2
and 1. [1]
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 4 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

22. For the given equation, 3 x  2 2 x  2 3  0 2 24. Given ad  bc for the equation (a2 + b2)x2 +
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, 2(ac + bd)x + (c2 + d 2) = 0.
we obtain For this equation not to have real roots its
a  3, b  2 2, c  2 3 discriminant < 0. [1]

D = 4(ac + bd)2 – 4(a2 + b2)(c2 + d 2)

Now, D  b 2  4ac
D = 4a2c2 + 4b2d2 + 8acbd – 4a2c2 – 4b2d2 –
    
2
 2 2 4 3 2 3 4b2c2 – 4a2d 2 [1]

 8  24  32  4 2 [1] D = –4(a2d 2 + b2c2 – 2acbd)

Using quadratic formula, we obtain D = –4(ad – bc)2
b  b 2  4ac Given ad  bc
x
2a
 D<0

 x

 2 2  4 2  Quadratic equation has no real roots. [1]
2 3
25. Let the usual speed of the plane be x km/hr.
2 24 2 2 24 2
 x or [1] Time taken to cover 1500 km with usual
2 3 2 3
1500
22 2 2 2 2 speed  hrs
 x or x
3 3 Time taken to cover 1500 km with speed of
3 2  2 1500
 x or x  (x + 100) km/hr  hrs. [1]
3 3 x  100
 2 1500 1500 1
 x  3 2 or x    
3 x x  100 2
 2 1500 1500 1
 x  6 or x  [1]  
3 x x  100 2
1 1 2  x  100  x  1
23.   1500  
 x  1 x  2   x  2   x  3  3 [1]
 x ( x  100)  2
( x  3)  ( x  1) 2
 150000 × 2 = x(x + 100)
 x  1 x  2  ( x  3) 3
x2 + 100x – 300000 = 0
x  3  x 1 2

 x 2  3 x  2  ( x  3) 3 [1] x2 + 100x – 300000 = 0

2x  4 2
x = –600 or x = 500

x  3 x  3 x 2  9 x  2x  6 3
3 2 But speed can't be negative.
2x  4 2 Hence, usual speed 500 km/hr. [1]

x 3  6 x 2  11x  6 3 26. Let the sides of the two squares be x cm and
6x – 12 = 2x3 – 12x2 + 22x – 12 y cm where x > y.
2x3 – 12x2 + 16x = 0
Then, their areas are x 2 and y 2 and their
2x(x2 – 6x + 8) = 0 perimeters are 4x and 4y.
x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 [1] By the given condition :
x2 – 4x – 2x + 8 = 0
x2 + y2 = 400 ...(i)
x(x – 4) – 2(x – 4) = 0
and 4x – 4y = 16
(x – 4)(x – 2) = 0
x – 4 = 0 or x – 2 = 0  4(x – y) = 16  x – y = 4
x = 4 and x = 2 [1]  x=y+4 ...(ii) [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 5
Substituting the value of x from (ii) in (i), we get : Putting the value of x from equation (i) in
(y + 4)2 + y2 = 400 equation (ii), we get
 y2 + 16 + 8y + y2 = 400 (y + 5) y = 50
 2y2 + 16 + 8y = 400  y2 + 5y – 50 = 0
 y2 + 4y – 192 = 0
 y2 + 10y – 5y – 50 = 0
 y2 + 16y – 12y – 192 = 0
 y(y + 16) – 12(y + 16) = 0 [1]  y(y + 10) – 5(y + 10) = 0
 (y + 16)(y – 12) = 0  (y – 5)(y + 10) = 0
 y = –16 or y = 12 [1]  y = 5 or –10 [1]
Since, y cannot be negative, y = 12.
As y is a natural number, therefore y = 5
So, x = y + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16
Thus, the sides of the two squares are 16 cm Other natural number = y + 5 = 5 + 5 = 10
and 12 cm. [1] Thus, the two natural numbers are 5 and 10. [1]
1 1 1 1
27.    29. Given quadratic equation :
2a  b  2 x 2a b 2 x
(k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
1 1 1 1
    [1]
2a  b  2 x 2 x 2a b Since the given quadratic equation has equal
2 x  2a  b  2 x b  2a roots, its discriminant should be zero.
 
2 x (2a  b  2 x ) 2ab
 D=0 [1]
2a  b b  2a
  [1]  (k + 1)2 – 4 × (k + 4) × 1 = 0
2 x (2a  b  2 x ) 2ab
1 1  k2 + 2k + 1 – 4k – 16 = 0
 
x (2a  b  2 x ) ab  k2 – 2k – 15 = 0
 2x2 + 2ax + bx + ab = 0
 k2 – 5k + 3k – 15 = 0
 2x(x + a) + b(x + a) = 0
 (x + a)(2x + b) = 0 [1]  (k – 5) (k + 3) = 0

 x + a = 0 or 2x + b = 0  k – 5 = 0 or k + 3 = 0
b  k = 5 or –3 [1]
 x  a, or x  [1]
2
Thus, the values of k are 5 and –3.
28. Let the two natural numbers be x and y such
that x > y. For k = 5, (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
Given :
 9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
Difference between the natural numbers = 5
 (3x)2 + 2(3x) + 1 = 0
 x–y=5 ...(i)
 (3x + 1)2 = 0
1
Difference of their reciprocals (given)
10 1 1
 x , 
1 1 1 3 3
  [1]
y x 10
 x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 [For k = –3]
xy 1
   (x – 1)2 = 0
xy 10
5 1  x = 1, 1 [1]
 
xy 10 Thus, the equal roots of the given quadratic
 xy = 50 ...(ii) [1] 1
equation is either 1 or  . [1]
3
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 6 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
30. Let l be the length of the longer side and b be  3x2 – 117x – 324 + 18x = 0
the length of the shorter side.  3x2 – 99x – 324 = 0
Given that the length of the diagonal of the  x2 – 33x – 108 = 0
rectangular field is 16 metres more than the  x2 – 36x + 3x – 108 = 0
shorter side.
 x(x – 36) + 3(x – 36) = 0
Thus, diagonal = 16 + b
 (x + 3)(x – 36) = 0 [1]
Since longer side is 14 metres more than
 (x + 3) = 0 or (x – 36) = 0
shorter side, we have,
 x = –3 or x = 36
l = 14 + b
Speed cannot be negative. Hence, initial speed
Diagonal is the hypotenuse of the triangle. [1]
of the train is 36 km/hour. [1]
Consider the following figure of the rectangular
1 2 4
field. 32.  
x 1 x  2 x  4
D C
L.C.M. of all the denominators is (x + 1)(x + 2)
Diagonal (x + 4) [1]
Breadth Multiply throughout by the L.C.M., we get
(x + 2)(x + 4) + 2(x + 1)(x + 4) = 4(x + 1)
A B (x + 2)
Length
(x + 4)(x + 2 + 2x + 2) = 4(x2 + 3x + 2)
By applying Pythagoras Theorem in ABD, we
have, (x + 4)(3x + 4) = 4x2 + 12x + 8
Diagonal2 = Length2 + Breadth2 [1] 3x2 + 16x + 16 = 4x2 + 12x + 8 [1]
 (16 + b)2 = (14 + b)2 + b2  x2 – 4x – 8 = 0
 256 + b2 + 32b = 196 + b2 + 28b + b2 Now, a = 1, b = –4, c = –8

 256 + 32b = 196 + 28b + b2 b  b 2  4ac 4  16  32

x 
 60 + 32b = 28b + b2 2a 2
4  48 4  4 3 [1]
 b2 – 4b – 60 = 0 [1]  
 b2 – 10b + 6b – 60 = 0 2 2

 b(b – 10) + 6(b – 10) = 0  x  22 3 [1]

 (b + 6)(b – 10) = 0 33. Let the speed of the stream be s km/h.
Speed of the motor boat 24 km/h
 (b + 6) = 0 or (b – 10) = 0
Speed of the motor boat (upstream) = 24 – s
 b = –6 or b = 10
Speed of the motor boat (downstream) = 24 + s
As breadth cannot be negative, breadth = 10 m
[1]
Thus, length of the rectangular field = 14 + 10
According to the given condition,
= 24 m. [1]
32 32
31. Let x be the first speed of the train.  1
24  s 24  s
Distance
 time 1 1 
32 
We know that,
Speed    1 [1]
 24  s 24  s 
Thus, we have,
 24  s  24  s 
54 63  32   1
 3 [1]  576  s 2 
x x6
 32 × 2s = 576 – s2
54( x  6)  63 x
 3  s2 + 64s – 576 = 0
x ( x  6)
 (s + 72)(s – 8) = 0 [1]
 54(x + 6) + 63x = 3x(x + 6)
 s = –72 or s = 8
 54x + 324 + 63x = 3x2 + 18x
Since, speed of the stream cannot be negative,
 117x + 324 = 3x2 + 18x [1] the speed of the stream is 8 km/h. [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 7
1 3 5 1 36. Let the speed of stream be x km/ hr.
34.   , x   1, ,  4
x  1 5x  1 x  4 5 Now, for upstream: speed = (18 – x) km/hr
Take L.C.M. on the left hand side of equation 24 
 Time taken    hr [½]
 18  x 
5 x  1  3( x  1) 5
 [1] Now, for downstream: speed = (18 + x) km/hr
( x  1)(5 x  1) x4
24 
 Time taken    hr [½]
8x2 + 4x + 32x + 16 = 25x2 + 5 + 5x + 25x  18  x 

17x2 – 6x – 11 = 0 [1] Given that,

24 24
17x2 – 17x + 11x – 11 = 0  1 [½]
18  x 18  x
17x(x – 1) + 11(x – 1) = 0 24 24
1  
(x – 1)(17x + 11) = 0 [1] 18  x 18  x
24 (18  x )  (18  x )
11 1  [½]
 x , 1 [1] (18)2  x 2
17
24[ 2 x ]
35. Two taps when run together fill the tank 1  [½]
324  x 2
1
in 3 hrs –324 + x2 = –48x
13
Say taps are A, B and x2 + 48x – 324 = 0 [½]
x2 + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
A fills the tank by itself in x hrs
(x + 54)(x – 6) = 0
B fills tank in (x + 3) hrs [1]
x = –54 or x = 6 [½]
1 x = –54 km/hr (not possible) [½]
Portion of tank filled by A (in 1 hr) 
x Therefore, speed of the stream = 6 km/hr.
1 37. Let x be the original average speed of the train
Portion of tank filled by B (in 1hr) 
x3 for 63 km.
Then, (x + 6) will be the new average speed for
13
Portion of tank filled by A and B (both in 1hr)  remaining 72 km. [½]
40
Total time taken to complete the journey is 3 hrs.
1 1 13
   [1] 63 72
x x  3 40   3 [½]
x ( x  6)
(x + 3 + x)40 = 13(x)(x + 3)
 Distance 
80x + 120 = 13x2 + 39x  Time = 
 Speed 
 13x2 – 41x – 120 = 0 63 x  378  72 x
 3 [½]
x ( x  6)
 13x2 – 65x + 24x – 120 = 0
 135x + 378 = 3x2 + 18x [½]
24  x2 – 39x – 126 = 0
 x = 5 or [½]
13
 (x – 42)(x + 3) = 0 [½]
[But negative value not be taken] [1]
 x  42 OR x  3 [½]
 A fills tank in 5 hrs
Since, speed cannot be negative.
B fills tank in 8 hrs [1]
Therefore x = 42 km/hr. [½]

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 8 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
38. Let the time in which tap with longer and smaller 40. 9x2 – 9(a + b)x + (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) = 0
diameter can fill the tank separately be x hours Discriminant
and y hours respectively. [½]
D = 81(a + b)2 – 36(2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) [1]
According to the question
D = 9[9a2 + 9b2 + 18ab – 8a2 – 8b2 – 20ab]
1 1 8
  ...(i) [½] D = 9[a2 + b2 – 2ab] [1]
x y 15
and x = y – 2 ...(ii) [½]  D  9(a  b )2 [1]
On substituting x = y – 2 from (ii) in (i), we get
9(a  b )  9(a  b )2
1 1 8  x [1]
  [½] 29
y  2 y 15
9(a  b )  3(a  b )
y y 2 8 x
  18
y 2  2y 15
 3a  3b  a  b 3a  3b  a  b
15(2y – 2) = 8(y2 – 2y) x , [1]
6 6
 30y – 30 = 8y2 – 16y
 2a  b a  2b
8y2 – 46y + 30 = 0 [½]  x ; [1]
3 3
 4y2 – 20y – 3y + 15 = 0
2
41. –5 is root of 2x + px – 15 = 0
 (4y – 3)(y – 5) = 0
 2(–5)2 + p(–5) – 15 = 0 [1]
3
 y  ,y 5 [½] 10 – p – 3 = 0
4
 p=7 [1]
Substituting values of y in (ii), we get
p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has equal roots. [1]
3
x 2 x  52  7x2 + 7x + k = 0 [As we know p = 7] [1]
4
5  Discriminant = 0
x x 3
4 D = 49 – 28k [1]
[½]
5 28k = 49
 x
4
7
 time cannot  k [1]
 be negative  4
 
42. Let the required three integers be (x – 1), x and
Hence, the time taken by tap with longer (x + 1). [1]
diameter is 3 hours and the time taken by tap
Now, (x – 1)2 + [x.(x + 1)] = 46
with smaller diameter is 5 hours, in order to fill
the tank separately. [½] (x2 – 2x + 1) + [x2 + x] = 46 [1]
39. Let assume the two numbers to be x, y (y > x) 2x2 – x – 45 = 0
Given that y – x = 4  y = 4 + x ...(i) [1] 2x2 – 10x + 9x – 45 = 0 [1]
1 1 4 2x(x – 5) + 9(x – 5) = 0
  [1]
x y 21 (x – 5)(2x + 9) = 0 [1]
yx 4 x = 5 or x = –9/2
 
xy 21 So, x = 5 [Because it is given that x is a positive
4 4 integer] [1]
  [1]
xy 21 Thus, the required integers are (5 –1), i.e. 4, 5
 xy = 21 and 6. [1]
x(4 + x) = 21 [1] 43. Let the smaller number be x and larger number
x2 + 4x – 21 = 0 be y.
(x + 7)(x – 3) = 0 y2 – x2 = 88 ...(i)
x = –7, 3 [1] y = 2x – 5 ...(ii) [1]
y = –3, 7 In equation (i)
 Numbers are –7, –3 or 3, 7 [1] (2x – 5)2 – x2 = 88 [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 9
4x2 – 20x + 25 – x2 = 88 16  6 2
x [1]
3x2 – 20x – 63 = 0 [1] 4
By splitting the middle term,  3 2
x  4   [1]
3x2 – 27x + 7x – 63 = 0  2 
3x(x – 9) + 7(x – 9) = 0 [1] 46. Total cost of books = `80
(x – 9)(3x + 7) = 0 Let the number of books be x.
 x = 9 and x = –7/3 [1]
80
We cannot take negative value because x must So, the cost of each book = ` [1]
x
be greater than 5.
Cost of each book if he buy 4 more book
So, smaller number = 9
80
= ` [1]
And larger number = 2x – 5 = 18 – 5 = 13 [1] x4
44. A B As per given in question :
180 km
Distance travelled by train = 180 km, let say 80 80
 1 [1]
speed = s km/hr x x4

180 80 x  320  80 x
Time taken (t )  [1]  1
s x ( x  4)

It is given if speed had been (s + 9) km/hr 320

 1
Train would have travelled AB in (t – 1) hrs. [1] x 2  4x
 x2 + 4x – 320 = 0 [1]
180
 t 1
s9  (x + 20)(x – 16) = 0

180  x = –20, 16 [1]

 t 1 [1]
s9 Since, number of books cannot be negative.
180 180 So, the number of books he bought is 16. [1]
 1
s9 s 47. Let the first number be x then the second
(189 + s)s = 180s + 1620 [1] number be (9 – x) as the sum of both numbers
189s + s2 = 180s + 1620 is 9. [1]
s2 + 9s – 1620 = 0 [1] 1
Now, the sum of their reciprocals is , therefore
 s2 + 45s – 36s – 1620 = 0 2
 s = –45, 36 [∵ s cannot negative] [1] 1 1 1
  [1]
x 9x 2
 s  36 km/hr
9xx 1
  [1]
1 1 3 x (9  x ) 2
45.   1, x  , 5.
2x  3 x  5 2
9 1
Taking L.C.M on left side of equality  
9x  x 2 2
x  5  2x  3  18 = 9x – x2
1 [1] [1]
(2 x  3)( x  5)
 x2 – 9x + 18 = 0
3x – 8 = 2x2 – 3x – 10x + 15 [1]
 (x – 6)(x – 3) = 0
2x2 – 16x + 23 = 0
 x = 6, 3 [1]
16  256  4  2  23
x [1] If x = 6 then other number is 3.
4
16  72 and if x = 3 then other number is 6.
x [1]
4 Hence, numbers are 3 and 6. [1]

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 10 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

2 : Arithmetic Progressions

1. First term of an AP = p 5. Answer (C)

Common difference = q The first 20 odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, ..... 39
T10 = p + (10 – 1)q [½] This is an AP with first term 1 and the common
T10 = p + 9q [½] difference 2. [½]
Sum of 20 terms = S20
4
2. Given , a, 2 are in AP
5 20
S20  2(1)  (20  1)(2)  102  38  400 [½]
4 2
 a  2a [½]
5 Thus, the sum of first 20 odd natural numbers is
400.
4
 2a  2
5 6. Answer (C)

14 Common difference =
2a 
5 1  6q 1 1  6q  1 6q
    2 [1]
7 3q 3q 3q 3q
 a [½]
5 7. Answer (C)
3. Given an AP which has sum of first p terms
The first three terms of an AP are 3y - 1, 3y + 5
= ap2 + bp
and 5y + 1, respectively.
Lets say first term = k & common difference = d
We need to find the value of y.
p
 ap  bp   2k  ( p  1)d 
2 We know that if a, b and c are in AP, then :
2
b–a=c–b
2ap + 2b = 2k + (p – 1)d
 2b = a + c
2b + 2ap = (2k – d) + pd [½]
 2(3y + 5) = 3y – 1 + 5y + 1 [½]
Comparing terms on both sides,
 6y + 10 = 8y
 2a  d
 10 = 8y – 6y
2k – d = 2b
 2y = 10
2k = 2b + 2a
 y=5
k ab Hence the correct option is C. [½]
Common difference = 2a 8. If k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are the consecutive
First term = a + b [½] terms of AP, then the common difference will be
4. Answer (C) the same.

Given common difference of the  (2k – 1) – (k + 9) = (2k + 7) – (2k – 1) [½]

AP = d = 3  k – 10 = 8

Lets say the first term = a  k = 18 [½]

a20 = a + 19d = a + 19 × 3 9. Given

= a + 57 a21 – a7 = 84 ...(i)

a15 = a + 14d = a + 14 × 3 [½] In an AP a1, a2, a3, a4 .....

= a + 42 an = a1 + (n – 1)d d = common difference
a20 – a15 = a + 57 – a – 42 a21 = a1 + 20d ...(ii)
= 15 [½] a7 = a1 + 6d ...(iii) [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 11
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i) Last term which is Tn
a1 + 20d – a1 – 6d = 84 = a + (n – 1)d [½]
14d = 84 = a + (9)d
d=6  29 = 2 + 9d
 Common difference = 6 [½]
d 3
10. a7 = 4
Common difference = 3 [½]
a + 6d = 4 (as an = a + (n – 1)d)
14. Two digit numbers divisible by 6 are,
but d = –4
12, 18..... 96 [1]
a + 6(–4) = 4 [½]
 96 = 12 + (n – 1) × 6
a + (–24) = 4
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d]
a = 4 + 24 = 28
Therefore first term a = 28 [½] 96  12
 n  1  15 [½]
6
11. Two digit numbers divisible by 3 are
12, 15, 18, ....., 99.  Two digit numbers divisible by 6 are 15. [½]

a = 12, d = 15 – 12 = 3 [½] 15. First three– digit number that is divisible by

7 = 105
 Tn = 99
Next number = 105 + 7 = 112
 a + (n – 1)d = 99
Therefore the series is 105, 112, 119,…
 12 + (n – 1)3 = 99
The maximum possible three digit number is 999.
 n = 30
When we divide by 7, the remainder will be 5.
 Number of two digit numbers divisible by 3
are 30. [½] Clearly, 999 – 5 = 994 is the maximum possible
three – digit number divisible by 7.
12. Given an AP 3, 15, 27, 39, .....
The series is as follows :
Lets say nth term is 120 more than 21st term
 Tn = 120 + T21 105, 112, 119, …., 994 [½]

a + (n – 1)d = 120 + (a + 20d) [1] Here a = 105, d = 7

(n – 1)12 = 120 + 20 × 12 Let 994 be the nth term of this AP.

n – 1 = 30 an = a + (n – 1)d

 31st term is 120 more than 12th term. [1]  994 = 105 + (n – 1)7

13. Given an AP with first term (a) = 2  (n – 1)7 = 889

Last term () = 29  (n – 1) = 127
Sum of the terms = 155  n = 128 [½]
Common difference (d) = ? So, there are 128 terms in the AP.
n n
Sum of the n terms  (a   ) [½]  Sum  {first term + last term}
2 2
n 128
 155  (2  29)  a1  a128 
2 2
 n  10 [½] 64{105 + 994} = (64)(1099) = 70336 [1]
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 12 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
16. Let a be the first term and d be the common  d=5 [½]
difference.
Substituting value of d in (ii), we have
Given : a = 5
2a + 9(5) = 47
Tn = 45
 2a + 45 = 47
Sn = 400
 2a = 2
We know :
 a=1
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
 45 = 5 + (n – 1)d Thus, the given AP is 1, 6, 11, 16,..... [½]

 40 = (n – 1)d ...(i) [1] 18. 4th term of an AP = a4 = 0

n  a + (4 – 1)d = 0
And Sn  (a  Tn )
2  a + 3d = 0
n  a = –3d
 400  (5  45) ...(i) [½]
2
25th term of an AP = a25
n 400
  = a + (25 – 1)d
2 50
 n = 2 × 8 = 16 [½] = –3d + 24d ...[From (i)] [½]
On substituting n = 16 in (i), we get : = 21d
40 = (16 – 1)d 3 times 11th term of an AP = 3a11
 40 = (15)d = 3[a + (11 – 1)d]
40 8
 d  = 3[a + 10d]
15 3
= 3[–3d + 10d]
8
Thus, the common difference is . [½] = 3 × 7d
3
17. S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235 = 21d [½]

n  a25 = 3a11
Now, Sn  2a  (n  1)d
2 i.e., the 25th term of the AP is three times its
 S5 + S7 = 167 11th term. [½]
5
 2a  4d  7 2a  6d  167 1 1 3
19. Given progression 20, 19 , 18 , 17 , .....
2 2 4 2 4
 5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167 This is an Arithmetic progression because
 12a + 31d = 167 ...(i) [½]
Common difference
Also, S10 = 235
1 1 1
10 (d )  19  20  18  19  ......
 2a  9d  235 4 2 4
2
3
 10a + 45d = 235 d [1]
4
 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii) [½]
3  83  3n
Multiplying equation (ii) by 6, we get Any nth term an  20  (n  1)  
 4  4
12a + 54d = 282 ...(iii) Any term an < 0 when 83 < 3n
Subtracting (i) from (iii), we get
83
 n
12a  54d  282 3
(  )12a  31d  167
  n = 28
23d  115  28th term will be the first negative term. [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 13
20. First 8 multiples of 3 are 24. First term (a) = 5
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 Tn = 33
The above sequence is an AP [1] Sum of first n terms = 123
a = 3, d = 3 and last term l = 24
n
 a  Tn   123 [1]
n 8 2
Sn  (a  l )  [3  24]  4(27)
2 2 n
Sn = 108 [1] 8  33  123
2
21. Sn = 3n2 – 4n
n6 [1]
Let Sn – 1 be sum of (n – 1) terms
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
tn = Sn – Sn – 1 [½]
33 = 8 + (5)d
= (3n2 – 4n) – [3(n – 1)2 – 4(n – 1)] [½]
= (3n2 – 4n) – [3n2 – 6n + 3 – 4n + 4] [½] d 5 [1]

= 3n2 – 4n – 3n2 + 10n – 7 25. Lets say first term of given AP = a

 tn = 6n – 7 Common difference = d
th
So, required n term = 6n – 7 [½] Sum of first six terms = 42
22. nth term of 63, 65, 67, .....
6
= 63 + (n – 1)(2)  (2a  5d )  42
2
= 63 + 2n – 2
2a + 5d = 14 ...(i) [1]
= 61 + 2n ...(i) [1]
Also given T10 : T30 = 1 : 3
nth term of 3, 10, 17, .....
= 3 + (n – 1)7 a  9d 1
 
a  29d 3
= 3 + 7n – 7
= 7n – 4 ...(ii) [1] 3a + 27d = a + 29d
Given that nth terms of two AP’s are equal.  2a = 2d
61 + 2n = 7n – 4 [Using (i) and (ii)]
 ad ...(ii) [1]
65 = 5n
Substituting (ii) in (i)
n  13 [1]
 2a + 5a = 14
23. Lets assume first term = a
a = 2 and d = 2
Common difference = d
T13 = a + 12d
Tm = a + (m – 1)d
= 2 + 24
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
Given m.Tm = n.Tn [1] T13 = 26 [1]

m(a + (m – 1)d) = n(a + (n – 1)d) 26. Sum of first ten terms = –150
ma + m(m – 1)d = na + n(n – 1)d Sum of next ten terms = 550
(m – n)a + d(m2 – m – n2 + n) = 0 [1] Lets say first term of AP = a
a(m – n) + d(m – n)(m + n – 1) = 0 Common difference = d
(m – n)[a + (m + n – 1)d] = 0 10
Sum of first ten terms  [2a  9d ]
mn 2
 a + (m + n – 1)d = 0 –150 = 5[2a + 9d]

Tm  n  0 [1] 2a  9d  30 ...(i) [1]

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 14 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
For sum of next ten terms the first term would 29. Sn = 3n2 + 4n
be T11 = a + 10d First term (a1) = S1 = 3(1)2 + 4(1) = 7
10 S2 = a1 + a2 = 3(2)2 + 4(2) = 20
 550  [2(a  10d )  9d ] [1]
2
a2 = 20 – a1 = 20 – 7 = 13
 110  2a  29d ...(ii) [1]
So, common difference (d) = a2 – a1 = 13 – 7 = 6
Solving (i) and (ii) [1]
d = –4 Now, an = a + (n – 1)d
a=3
 a25 = 7 + (25 – 1) × 6 = 7 + 24 × 6 = 7
 AP will be 3, –1, –5, –9, –13, ..... [1] + 144 = 151 [1]
27. Given an AP 30. Let a be the first term and d be the common
Say first term = a difference of the given AP
Common difference = d Given :
Given T4 = 9 1
a7 
a + 3d = 9 ...(i) [1] 9

Also T6 + T13 = 40 1
a9 
7
a + 5d + a + 12d = 40
1
2a + 17d = 40 ...(ii) [1] a7  a  (7  1)d 
9
Solving (i) and (ii)
1
a=3 d=2  a  6d  ...(i) [1]
9
 AP will be 3, 5, 7, 9, ..... [1]
1
28. Let a and d respectively be the first term and the a9  a  (9  1)d 
7
common difference of the AP.
1
We know that the nth term of an AP is given by  a  8d  ...(ii) [1]
7
an = a + (n – 1)d
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get :
According to the given information,
2
A16 = 1 + 2a8 2d 
63
 a + (16 – 1)d = 1 + 2[a + (8 – 1)d]
1
 a + 15d = 1 + 2a + 14d  d [½]
63
 –a + d = 1 ...(i) [1] 1
Putting d  in equation (i), we get :
Also, it is given that, a12 = 47 63
 a + (12 – 1)d = 47 1  1
a   6  
 a + 11d = 47 ...(ii) [1]  63  9
Adding (i) and (ii), we have : 1
 a
12d = 48 63
1 1  63
 d=4  a63  a  (63  1)d   62   1
63  63  63
From (i),
Thus, the 63rd term of the given AP is 1. [½]
–a + 4 = 1
31. Here it is given that,
 a=3 [½]
T14 = 2(T8)
Hence, a n = a + (n – 1)d = 3 + (n – 1)(4)
= 3 + 4n – 4 = 4n – 1  a + (14 – 1)d = 2[a + (8 – 1)d]
Hence, the nth term of the AP is 4n – 1. [½]  a + 13d = 2[a + 7d]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 15
 a + 13d = 2a + 14d 33. Given an A.P with first (a) = 8
 13d – 14d = 2a – a Last term () = 350
 –d = a ...(i) [1] Common difference (d) = 9
Now, it is given that its 6th term is –8. Tn = a + (n – 1)d
T6 = –8 = a + (n – 1)d = 350
 a + (6 – 1)d = –8  8 + (n – 1)9 = 350 [1]
 a + 5d = –8
n  39
 –d + 5d = –8 [∵ Using (i)]
 Number of terms = 39 [1]
 4d = –8
Sum of the terms
 d = –2
n
Substituting this in eq. (i), we get a = 2 [1]  [a  ]
2
Now, the sum of 20 terms,
39
n  [8  350] [1]
Sn  2a  (n  1)d  2
2
= 6981 [1]
20
S20  2a  (20  1)d  34. Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 12, 16,
2
...... 248. [1]
= 10[2(2) + 19(–2)]
We now have an A.P with first term = 12 and
= 10[4 – 38]
last term = 248 [1]
= –340 [1]
Common difference = 4
32. Let a 1, a 2 be the first terms and d 1, d 2 the
 248 = 12 + (n – 1)4
common differences of the two given AP’s.
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d] [1]
n
Thus, we have Sn  2a1  (n  1)d1  and  n  60
2
n
Sn    2a2  (n  1)d 2   Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 60. [1]
2
35. Given : S20 = –240 and a = 7
n
Sn 2a1  (n  1)d1 2a1  (n  1)d1
 2
Consider, S20 = –240
  [½]
Sn  n  2a  (n  1)d  2a2  (n  1)d2
2 2 20
2  (2  7  19d )  240 [1]
2
S 7n  1
It is given that n  ∵ S  n 2a  (n  1)d 
Sn  4n  27  n  
2 
2a1  (n  1)d1 7n  1  10(14 + 19d) = –240
  ...(i) [½]
2a2  (n  1)d 2 4n  27
 14 + 19d = –24 [1]
To find the ratio of the mth terms of the two
 19d = –38
given AP's, replace n by (2m – 1) in equation (i).
 d = –2 [1]
2a1  (2m  1  1)d1 7(2m  1)  1
  Now, a24 = a + 23d = 7 + 23 × –2 = –39
2a2  (2m  1  1)d 2 4(2m  1)  27
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d]
2a1  (2m  2)d1 14m  7  1
  [1] Hence, a24 = –39 [1]
2a2  (2m  2)d 2 8m  4  27
36. Given AP is –12, –9, –6, ..., 21
a1  (m  1)d1 14m  6
  First term, a = –12
a2  (m  1)d 2 8m  23
Hence, the ratio of the mth terms of the two AP's Common difference, d = 3 [1]
is 14m – 6 : 8m + 23. [1] Let 12 be the nth term of the AP.
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 16 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
12 = a + (n – 1)d  t60 = 8 + 59 × 2
 12 = –12 + (n – 1) × 3 [1]  t60 = 8 + 118
 24 = (n – 1) × 3  t60 = 126 [1]
 n=9 We need to find the sum of the last 10 terms.
Sum of the terms of the AP = S9 Thus,
n
  2a  (n  1)d   9  24  8  3   0 [1] Sum of last 10 terms = Sum of first 60 terms –
2 2 Sum of first 50 terms
If 1 is added to each term of the AP, the sum [½]
of all the terms of the new AP will increase by
n
n, i.e., 9. Sn  2a  (n  1)d 
2
 Sum of all the terms of the new AP = 0 + 9
60
=9 [1]  S60  2  8  (60  1)  2
37. Let a and d be the first term and the common 2
difference of an AP respectively.  S60 = 30[16 + 59 × 2]
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n – 1)d  S60 = 30[134]

n  S60 = 4020 [1]

Sum of n terms of an AP, Sn  [2a  (n  1)d ]
2 Similarly,
We have :
50
10
 S50  2  8  (50  1)  2
2
Sum of the first 10 terms  [2a  9d ]
2  S50 = 25[16 + 49 × 2]
 210 = 5[2a + 9d]
 S50 = 25[114]
 42 = 2a + 9d ...(i) [1]
 S50 = 2850 [1]
15th term from the last = (50 – 15 + 1)th = 36th
Thus the sum of last 10 terms = S60 – S50 =
term from the beginning
4020 – 2850 = 1170 [½]
Now, a36 = a + 35d
39. Let there be a value of X such that the sum of the
 Sum of the last 15 terms numbers of the houses preceding the house
15 numbered X is equal to the sum of the numbers
 (2a36  (15  1)d ) [1] of the houses following it.
2
15 That is, 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + (X – 1) = (X + 1) +
 [2(a  35d )  14d ]
2 (X + 2) ..... + 49
= 15[a + 35d + 7d]  [1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + (X – 1)
 2565 = 15[a + 42d] = [1 + 2 + ..... + X + (X – 1) + ..... + 49]
 171 = a + 42d ...(ii) [1] – (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + X) [1]
From (i) and (ii), we get,  X 1 49 X
[1  X  1]  [1  49]  [1  X ]
d=4 2 2 2
 X(X – 1) = 49 × 50 – X(1 + X)
a=3
So, the AP formed is 3, 7, 11, 15... and 199. [1]  X(X – 1) + X(1 + X) = 49 × 50 [1]

38. Consider the given AP 8, 10, 12, ...  X2 –X+X+ X2 = 49 × 50

Here the first term is 8 and the common  2X 2 = 49 × 50 [1]

difference is 10 – 8 = 2  X2 = 49 × 25
General term of an AP is tn is given by,  X = 7 × 5 = 35
tn = a + (n – 1)d Since X is not a fraction, the value of x satisfying
 t60 = 8 + (60 – 1) × 2 the given condition exists and is equal to 35. [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 17
40. Let the numbers be (a –3d), (a – d), (a + d) and 41. Let the first four terms be a, a + d, a + 2d,
(a + 3d) a + 3d
 (a – 3d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3d) = 32 a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d = 40 [½]
 2a + 3d = 20 ...(i) [½]
 4a = 32
Sum of first 14 terms = 280
a=8 [1]
n
2a  (n  1) d   280 [½]
(a  3d )(a  3d ) 7 2
Also, 
(a  d )(a  d ) 15 14 
 2a  13d   280
 15a2 – 135d 2 = 7a2 – 7d 2 2
 2a + 13d = 40 ...(ii) [1]
 8a2 = 128d 2 [1]
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get d = 2
8a 2 8  8  8 Substituting the value of d in (i) [½]
d2  
128 128 a=7
d2 = 4 n
 Sum of n terms  2a  (n  1)d  [½]
2
d = ±2 [1]
n
If d = 2 numbers are : 2, 6, 10, 14  14  (n  1)2
2
If d = –2 numbers are 14, 10, 6, 2 [1] = n2 + 6n [½]

‰ ‰ ‰

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 18 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

3 : Some Applications of Trigonometry

1. Answer (C) the tower is 75 3 m .

C 4. Answer (D)
A
M
45°
A B
Given AB = 25 m
And angle of elevation of the top of the tower 60°
(BC) from A = 45° B N
2m
∵ BAC = 45° In the figure, MN is the length of the ladder,
BC which is placed against the wall AB and makes
In ABC, tan 45 
AB an angle of 60° with the ground.
 BC = 25 m The foot of the ladder is at N, which is 2 m away
 Height of the tower = 25 m from the wall.
2. Answer (B)  BN = 2 m
Let AB be the tower and BC be its shadow. Let In right-angled triangle MNB:
 be the angle of elevation of the sun. BN 2
cos 60  
According to the given information, MN MN
A
BC  3 AB …(1) 1 2
 
In ABC, 2 MN
 B  MN = 4 m
AB AB 1 C
tan     [Using (1)] Therefore, the length of the ladder is 4 m.
BC 3 AB 3
Hence, the correct option is D
1
We know that tan 30  5. A
3
  = 30°
Hence, the angle of elevation of the sun is 30°.
3. Answer (C)

D B C B
Let AB be the tower and BC be its shadow.
75 m AB  20, BC  20 3
30° In ABC,
C A
Let AB be the tower of height 75 m and C be the AB
tan  
position of the car BC
In ABC, 20
tan   [½]
AC 20 3
cot 30 
AB 1
tan  
 AC = ABcot30° 3
 AC  75 m  3 1
But, tan  
 AC  75 3 m 3
  = 30°
Thus, the distance of the car from the base of
The Sun is at an altitude of 30°. [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 19
6. A AB
BC  [1]
Ladder 3
Wall
BD = AB [∵ tan45° = 1]
B 60°
2.5 m C
BD – BC = CD
Let AB be the ladder and CA be the wall.
AB
The ladder makes an angle of 60° with the AB   100 [1]
3
horizontal.

 ABC is a 30° – 60° – 90°, right triangle. [½]

 3  1
AB 
   100
 3 
Given: BC = 2.5 m, ABC = 60°
100 3
 AB = 5 m AB 
3 1
Hence, length of the ladder is AB = 5 m. [½]
AB = 236.98
7. T
AB = 237 m [1]
30 m
9. Given: Position of kite is B.

G S Height of kite above ground = 45 m
10 3 m

Angle of elevation of sun = GST =  Angle of inclination = 60°

Height of tower TG = 30 m Required length of string = AB

Kite
Length of shadow GS  10 3 m [½] B

TGS is a right angled triangle 45 m

[1]
30 60°
 tan   A O
10 3
In right angled triangle AOB,
tan   3 [½]
OB
 = 60° sin A 
AB

8. A 45
 sin 60  [1]
AB

3 45
 
60° 2 AB
D 45° B
C
45  2 90
 AB    30 3 m
Given CD = 100 m, AB = ? 3 3

AB Hence, the length of the string is 30 3 m . [1]

In ABC, tan 60 
BC

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 20 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
10. C In right-angled BDO, we have
30°
OD 200
24 - h tan 60  
BD d  x
30°
A L 24 m 200
 3
dx
h h 200
 dx  [1]
3
B D Putting x = 200. We have:
15 m
Let AB and CD be the two poles, where CD 200
d  200 
(the second pole) = 24 m. 3
BD = 15 m 200
d  200
Let the height of pole AB be h m. 3
AL = BD = 15 m and AB = LD = h  d = 200 × 1.58
So, CL = CD – LD = 24 – h [1]  d = 316 m (approx.) [1]
In ACL, Thus, the distance between two ships is
CL approximately 316 m.
tan30 
AL 12. Let BC be the height at watch the aeroplane is
observed from point A.
24  h
 tan30 
15 Then, BC  1500 3
1 24  h In 15 seconds, the aeroplane moves from point
  [1] B to D.
3 15
B and D are the points where the angles of
15
 24  h  5 3 elevation 60° and 30° are formed respectively. [1]
3
Let AC = x metres and CE = y metres
 h  24  5 3
AE = x + y
 h = 24 – 5 × 1.732 [Taking 3  1.732 ] B D
 h = 15.34
Thus, height of the first pole is 15.34 m. [1] °
60
11. Let d be the distance between the two ships. 30°
A x y E
Suppose the distance of one of the ships from C
the light house is x meters, then the distance In CBA,
of the other ship from the light house is BC
(d – x) meter. tan 60 
AC
O
45° 60° 1500 3
3 [1]
x
200 m
 x = 1500 m …(i)
45° 60°
A x B In ADE,
D d–x
d DE
tan30 
In right-angled ADO, we have. AE

OD 200 1 1500 3
tan 45   
AD x 3 xy
200  x + y = 1500 × (3) = 4500
 1
x  1500 + y = 4500
 x = 200 …(i) [1]  y = 3000 m …(ii)
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 21
We know that, the aeroplane moves from point 14. T
B to D in 15 seconds and the distance covered
is 3000 metres.
distance 
Speed  D C F
time
3000 Given CF = 4 m
Speed 
15
DF = 16 m
Speed 200m/s
TCF + TDF = 90°
18
Converting it to km/hr  200   720 km/hr [1]
5 Let say TCF =  [1]
13. D
TDF = 90° – 

In a right angled triangle TCF

h
TF TF
tan   
CF 4
60°
A x E TF = 4tan ...(i)
10 m
30° In TDF
B x C
Let CD be the hill and suppose the man is TF
tan(90  )  [1]
standing on the deck of a ship at point A. 16
The angle of depression of the base C of the hill TF = 16cot ...(ii)
CD observed from A is 30° and the angle of
elevation of the top D of the hill CD observed Multiply (i) and (ii), we get
from A is 60°.
(TF)2 = 64  TF = 8 m
 EAD = 60° and BCA = 30° [1]
 Height of tower = 8 m [1]
In AED,
DE 15. Let AC and BD be the two poles of the same
tan60  height h m.
EA
h C D
3
x
h  3x …(i)
In ABC, 30° 60°
A B
P
AB
tan30  Given AB = 80 m
BC
1 10 Let AP = x m, therefore, PB = (80 – x) m

3 x
In APC,
x  10 3 …(ii) [1]
AC
tan30  [1]
Substituting x  10 3 in equation (i), we get AP

h  3  10 3  10  3  30 1 h
 …(i)
DE = 30 m 3 x
CD = CE + ED = 10 + 30 = 40 m In BPD,
Thus, the distance of the hill from the ship is BD
tan60 
10 3 m and the height of the hill is 40 m. [1] PB
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 22 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

h CE
3 …(ii) [1]  tan30
80  x AE
Dividing (ii) by (ii), we get CE 1
  ( AE = BD)
AE 3
1 h
3  x 20 3
h  CE   20
3 3
80  x
Height of the tower = CE + ED = CE + AB =
1 80  x
  20 m + 60 m = 80 m
3 x
Difference between the heights of the tower and
 x = 240 – 3x the building = 80 m – 60 m = 20 m
 4x = 240 [1] Distance between the tower and the building
 x = 60 m  BD  20 3 m [2]

From (i), 17. C

h
1 h 30°
 A M
3 x 60°
20 m 20 m
60 P B
 h  20 3 m
3
h + 20
Thus, the height of both the poles is 20 3 m
and the distances of the point from the poles
C
are 60 m and 20 m. [1]
Let PB be the surface of the lake and A be the
16. Let AB be the building and CD be the tower. point of observation such that
C AP = 20 metres. Let C be the position of the
30° cloud and C be its reflection in the lake.
A E
60°
Then CB = CB. Let AM be perpendicular from
A on CB. [1]
60 m
Then mCAM = 30° and mCAM = 60°
60°
B D Let CM = h. Then, CB = h + 20 and CB = h + 20.
In right ABD, In CMA we have,

AB CM
 tan60 tan30 
BD AM
60 1 h
  3  
BD 3 AM
60 
 BD  [2] AM  3h …(i) [1]
3
In AMC we have,
 BD  20 3
CM
In right ACE, tan60 
AM

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 23
CB  BM  3h  h  40 3 [1]
 3
AM
 1.73h – h = 40(1.73)  h = 94.79 m
h  20  20
 3 Thus, PQ is 94.79 m and PX = 94.79 ÷ 1.73
AM
= 54.79 m [1]
h  20  20
 AM  …(ii) [1] X Y
3 19. A
30° 45°
From equation (i) and (ii), we get

h  20  20
3h 
3 P 30° 45° Q
B
 3h = h + 40
Given aeroplane is at height of 300 m
 2h = 40
 AB = 300 m and XY || PQ
 h = 20 m
Angles of depression of the two points P and Q
h
In CMA, sin30   CA = 40 m are 30° and 45° respectively. [1]
CA
XAP = 30° and YAQ = 45°
Hence, the distance of the cloud from the
point A is 40 metres. [1] XAP = APB = 30°

18. Q [Alternate interior angles]

YAQ = AQB = 45° [1]

h M 45° Y In PAB,
40 m
P 60° X AB
tan30 
PB
MP = YX = 40 m

 QM = h – 40
PB  300 3 m [1]

In right angled QMY, In BAQ,

QM h  40 AB
tan 45   1 …(MY = PX) [1] tan 45 
MY PX BQ

 PX = h – 40 ...(i) BQ = 300 m

In right angled QPX,  Width of the river = PB + BQ

QP QP = 300(1+ 3) m [1]
tan60   3
PX PX
20. Let ships are at distance x from each other.
h
PX  ...(ii) [1] P
3
From (i) and (ii), we get
100 m
h
h – 40 =
3 45° 30°
O y x B
A
 3h  40 3  h
In APO
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 24 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

100 22. B C
tan 45  1  y = 100 m …(i) [1]
y
In POB 3600 3 m
OP 100 1
tan30    [1] A
OB x  y 3 E D
xy Height of aeroplane (CD) = 3600 3 m = BE
3
100
BAD = 60° and CAD = 30°
x  y  100 3 …(ii) [1]
In ABE
x  100 3  y  100 3  100  100( 3  1)
 x = 100(1.732 – 1) BE
tan60  [1]
= 100 × 0.732 AE
= 73.2 m BE
AE 
 Ships are 73.2 meters apart. [1] tan 60
21. Let the light house be PQ and the boat changes
AE = 3600 m [∵ BE  3600 3 m] [1]
its position from R to S.
Here, PQ = 100 m, PRQ = 60° and PSR = 30°. In ACD
P
CD
tan30 
AD
100 m

30° 60° 3600 3

S Q AD 
R 1
In PQR, 3
PQ 100 AD = 10800 m [1]
tan60  
QR QR
 BC = AD – AE = 10800 – 3600 [1]
100 3
 QR  m ...(i) [1] BC = 7200 m
3
In PQS, distance
Speed of aeroplane  [1]
PQ time
tan30 
QS
7200
  240 m/s
1 100 30
 
3 QS
Speed (in km/hr) = 864 km/hour [1]
 QS  100 3 m [1]
23. C
 RS = QS – QR =
h
100 3 200 3
100 3   [1]
3 3
D
Distance
Speed =
Time 3125 m
200 3 100 3 60° 30°
=  A B
32 3
Let the distance between the two planes be h m.
= 57.73 (approx.) (Using 3  1.732)
= 57.73 m/min [1] Given that: AD = 3125 m and
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 25
ABC = 60° [1] tan 60  3  DE /AE [1]

ABD = 30°
So, DE  AE 3  7 3 [1]
In ABD,
 h7 3m [1]
AD
tan30 
AB Height of tower  h  7  7(1  3) m [1]

1 3125 25. A

3 AB (h – 10)
D 30°
 AB  3125 3 ...(i) [1] E

ABC 10 10

AC 60°
tan60  C B
AB
Height of the tower (AB) = h
AD  DC
3 [1] Given CD =10 m and BC = ED
AB
BE = CD = 10 m [1]
3125  h
3
AB h
In ABC, tan 60  [1]
3125  h BC
 AB  ...(ii) [1]
3 h
BC  [1]
Equating equation (i) and (ii), we have 3

3125  h In ADE,
 3125 3
3 h  10
tan30  [1]
h = 3125 × 3 – 3125 [1] ED

h = 6250 ED  (h  10) 3

Hence, distance between the two planes is h

  (h  10) 3 [1]
6250 m. [1] 3

24. D 2
10  h
3
h
h  15 m [1]
60°
A E
45°
7m 7m 26. D

B C C
30°
Let AB be the building and CD be the tower such
h
that EAD = 60° and EAC = ACB = 45° [1]
50 m
Now, in triangle ABC, tan 45° = 1 = AB/BC
30° 60°
So, AB = AE = 7 m [1] A B

Again in triangle AED, Let the height of hill be h.

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 26 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
In right triangle ABC, h h
 tan 60   3  h  3 AB [2]
AB AB
50 50 1
 tan30    AB  50 3 [2]
AB AB 3  h  3(50 3)  150 m

In right triangle BAD, Hence, the height of hill is 150 m. [2]

4 : Circles

1. A  It is an isosceles triangle
 OPQ = OQP
In POQ,
R Q
POQ + OPQ + OQP = 180°
POQ + 2OPQ = 180°
B C OPQ = 55° [½]
P
Given BR = 3 cm, AR = 4 cm & AC = 11 cm We know that OP  PT
BP = BR  OPT = 90°
AR = AQ OPT = TPQ + OPQ
CP = CQ 90° = TPQ + 55°
(Lengths of tangents to circle from external point TPQ = 35° [½]
will be equal)
3. Answer (C)
 AQ = 4 cm and BP = 3 cm [½]
B
As AC = 11 cm
QC + AQ = 11 cm
A 40° O
 QC = 7 cm
 PC = 7 cm
C
We know BC = BP + PC
AB and AC are the tangents drawn from external
 BC = 3 + 7
point A to the circle.
BC = 10 cm [½]
 OB  AB  OBA = 90°
2. Answer (D)
OC  AC  OCA = 90°

P ABCD is a quadrilateral in which sum of opposite

angles is 180°
T
70° i.e.; OBA + OCA = 180° [½]
O
 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
Q
 BAC + BOC = 180°

Given POQ = 70° BOC = 180° – 40°

In POQ, OP = OQ (radii) BOC  140 [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 27
4. Answer (A) 6. Answer (B)
It is known that the tangents from an external AP  PB (Given)
point to the circle are equal.
CA  AP, CB  BP (Since radius is perpendicular
 EK = EM, DK = DH and FM = FH ...(i) [½] to tangent)
Perimeter of EDF = ED + DF + FE
AC = CB = radius of the circle [½]
= (EK – DK) + (DH + HF) + (EM – FM)
Therefore, APBC is a square having side equal
= (EK – DH) + (DH + HF) + (EM – FH) to 4 cm.
[Using (i)]
Therefore, length of each tangent is 4 cm. [½]
= EK + EM
7. Answer (B)
= 2 EK = 2 (9 cm) = 18 cm
Hence, the perimeter of EDF is 18 cm. [½] Q
P R
5. Answer (A)
Given: AB, BC, CD and AD are tangents to the
T
circle with centre O at Q, P, S and R
respectively. AB = 29 cm,
AD = 23, DS = 5 cm and B = 90°
Construction: Join PQ.
It is known that the length of the tangents drawn
A from an external point to a circle is equal.
R
D  QP = PT = 3.8 cm ...(i)

r PR = PT = 3.8 cm ...(ii)
S O Q
r From equations (i) and (ii), we get :
QP = PR = 3.8 cm [½]
C B
P
Now, QR = QP + PR
We know that, the lengths of the tangents
drawn from an external point to a circle are = 3.8 cm + 3.8 cm
equal. = 7.6 cm
DS = DR = 5 cm
Hence, the correct option is B. [½]
 AR = AD – DR = 23 cm – 5 cm = 18 cm
8. Answer (B)
AQ = AR = 18 cm
 QB = AB – AQ = 29 cm – 18 cm = 11 cm Q
QB = BP = 11 cm
In PQB, 46º P
O
PQ 2 = QB 2 + BP 2 = (11 cm) 2 + (11 cm) 2 =
2 × (11 cm)2

PQ  11 2 cm ...(i) [½] R

In OPQ, Given: •QPR = 46°

PQ2 = OQ2 + OP2 = r2 + r2 = 2r2 PQ and PR are tangents.
(11 2)  2r
2 2
Therefore, the radius drawn to these tangents
will be perpendicular to the tangents.
121 = r2
r = 11 So, we have OQ  PQ and OR  RP.

Thus, the radius of the circle is 11 cm. [½]  OQP = ORP = 90° [½]
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 28 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
So, in quadrilateral PQOR, we have 11. B
OQP + QPR + PRO + ROQ = 360° a
 90° + 46° + 90° + ROQ = 360° P 30° O
30°
 ROQ = 360° – 226° = 134° a
Hence, the correct option is B. [½] A
9. Q Given that BPA = 60°
OB = OA = a [radii]
O PA = PB [length of tangents are equal]
R
OP = OP [Common]

P T
 PBO and PAO are congruent. [½]
OPT = 90° [By SSS criterion of congruency]
(radius is perpendicular to the tangent) 60
 BPO  OPA   30
So, OPQ = OPT – QPT 2
a 1
= 90° – 60° In PBO, sin30   (∵ OBBP)
OP 2
= 30°
OP = 2a units [½]
POQ = 180° – 2QPO = 180° – 60° = 120°

R
12.
Reflex POQ = 360° – 120° = 240° [½]
C

B
1
PRQ  reflexPOQ
2

Q
S

1
  240
2
D

= 120°
P

 PRQ = 120° [½] Given a parallelogram PQRS in which a circle is

10. P inscribed

C We know PQ = RS
QR = PS [½]
°
30

Q
30° DP = PA ...(i)
A B
O
(tangents to the circle from external
point have equal length)
In ACO, Similarly,
OA = OC [Radii of the same circle] QA = BQ ...(ii)
 ACO is an isosceles triangle. BR = RC ...(iii)

CAB = 30° [Given] DS = CS ...(iv)

 CAO = ACO = 30° [½] Adding above four equations, [½]

DP + BQ + BR + DS = PA + QA + RC + CS
[angles opposite to equal sides
of an isosceles triangle are equal] (DP + DS) + (BQ + BR) = (PA + QA) + (RC + CS)
PCO = 90° [½]

[radius drawn at the point of contact 2QR = 2(PQ)

is perpendicular to the tangent]  PQ = QR
Now PCA = PCO – ACO  PQ = QR = RS = QS
 PCA = 90° – 30° = 60° [½]  PQRS is a rhombus [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 29
13. R In right angled triangle OBP,
D C
OP2 = OB2 + BP2
S Q  BP2 = OP2 – OB2

B = 172 – 52 = 289 – 25 = 264 [½]

A
P
AB = 6 cm  BP 2 = 264  BP  2 66 cm [½]

BC = 9 cm 15. Given : ABC is an isosceles triangle, where

AB = AC, circumscribing a circle.
CD = 8 cm
To prove : The point of contact P bisects the
AB, BC, CD, AD, are tangents to the circle
base BC.
And AP = AS, RD = DS,
i.e. BP = PC
BP = BQ and
Proof : It can be observed that
CQ = CR [½]
BP and BR; CP and CQ; AR and AQ are pairs
Also AB = AP + BP ...(i) of tangents drawn to the circle from the external
BC = BQ + QC ...(ii) points B, C and A respectively.
CD = RC + DR ...(iii) So, applying the theorem that the tangents
drawn from an external point to a circle are
AD = AS + DS ...(iv) [½]
equal, we get
Adding (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), we have
BP = BR …(i)
6 + 9 + 8 + AD = AP + AS + BP + BQ + CQ
CP = CQ …(ii)
+ RC + RD + DS [½]
AR = AQ …(iii) [½]
23 + AD = 2(AP) + 2(BP) + 2(RC) + 2(RD)
Given that AB = AC
23 + AD = 2(AB) + 2(CD)
 AR + BR = AQ + CQ [½]
AD  5 cm [½]
 BR = CQ [from (iii)]
14. Given : Tangents PA and PB are drawn from an  BP = CP [from (i) and (ii)] [½]
external point P to two concentric circles with
centre O and radii OA = 8 cm, OB = 5 cm  P bisects BC.
respectively. Also, AP = 15 cm Hence proved. [½]
To find : Length of BP 16.
Construction : We join the points O and P.

A O
A C B
P
O
Given : AB is chord to larger circle and tangent
to smaller circle at C concentric to it.
B
To prove : AC = BC
Solution : OA  AP; OB  BP
Construction : Join OC [1]
[Using the property that radius is perpendicular
Proof : OC  AB [½]
to the tangent at the point of contact of a circle]
(∵ Radius is perpendicular to
In right angled triangle OAP,
tangent at point of contact)
OP2 = OA2 + AP2 [Using Pythagoras Theorem]
 AC = BC [½]
= (8)2 + (15)2 = 64 + 225 = 289 [½]
(∵ Perpendicular from
 OP = 17 cm [½] centre bisects the chord)
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 30 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
17. Given : AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 10 cm. 19. Let us draw the circle with extent point P and
two tangents PQ and PR.
Let, AD = AF = x cm, BD = BE = y cm and
CE = CF = z cm

(Tangents drawn from an external point Q

to the circle are equal in length) 60°
P O
 2(x + y + z) = AB + BC + AC = AD + DB
+ BE + EC + AF + FC = 30 cm [½] R

 x + y + z = 15 cm
We know that the radius is perpendicular to the
AB = AD + DB = x + y = 12 cm [½]
tangent at the point of contact.
 z = CF = 15 - 12 = 3 cm  OQP = 90° [½]
AC = AF + FC = x + z = 10 cm We also know that the tangents drawn to a
 y = BE = 15 – 10 = 5 cm [½] circle from an external point are equally inclined
to the line joining the centre to that point.
 x = AD = x + y + z – z – y = 15 – 3 – 5
 QPO = 60° [½]
= 7 cm [½]
Now, in QPO,
18. Let XBY and PCQ be two parallel tangents to a
circle with centre O. PQ
cos 60  [½]
PO
Construction : Join OB and OC.
1 PQ
Draw OA || XY  
2 PO
X B Y  2PQ = PO [½]
20.
A O
P

P C Q O R

Now, XB || AO
Q
 XBO + •AOB = 180° [½]

(Sum of adjacent Given that PRQ = 120°

interior angles is 180°)
We know that the line joining the centre and the
Now, XBO = 90° external point is the angle bisector of angle
between the tangents.
(A tangent to a circle is perpendicular
to the radius through the point of contact) Thus,

 90° + AOB = 180° 120

PRO  QRO   60 [½]
2
 AOB = 180° – 90° = 90° [½]
Also we know that lengths of tangents from an
Similarly , AOC = 90° external point are equal.
AOB + AOC = 90° + 90° = 180° [½] Thus, PR = RQ.

Hence, BOC is a straight line passing through O. Join OP and OQ.

Thus, the line segment joining the points of Since OP and OQ are the radii from the
contact of two parallel tangents of a circle centre O,
passes through its centre. [½] OP  PR and OQ  RQ. [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 31
Thus, OPR and OQR are right angled x2 + 15x – 54 = 0 [½]
congruent triangles. x2 + 18x – 3x – 54 = 0
Hence, POR = 90° – PRO = 90° – 60° = 30° x(x + 18) – 3(x + 18)
QOR = 90° – QRO = 90° – 60° = 30° [½] (x + 18)(x – 3) = 0
1 As distance cannot be negative, x = 3 cm
sin QRO  sin30 
2 AC = 3 + 9 = 12 cm
PR 1 AB = AF + FB = 6 + x = 6 + 3 = 9 cm [½]

OR 2 22. Since tangents drawn from an exterior point to
Thus,  OR = 2PR a circle are equal in length,
 OR = PR + PR AP = AS ...(i)
 OR = PR + QR [½] BP = BQ ...(ii)
21. A CR = CQ ...(iii)
DR = DS ...(iv) [½]
x x
Adding equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
E
F AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS [½]

6 cm 9 cm  (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)

O
[½]
B C  AB + CD = AD + BC
6 cm D 9 cm
Let the given circle touch the sides AB and AC  AB + CD = BC + DA [Proved] [½]
of the triangle at points F and E respectively and 23. T
let the length of line segment AF be x.
Now, it can be observed that:
60°

Q 30°
O P
BF = BD = 6 cm (tangents from point B) 2r
CE = CD = 9 cm (tangents from point C)
AE = AF = x (tangents from point A) S
AB = AF + FB = x + 6 In the given figure,
BC = BD + DC = 6 + 9 = 15 OP = 2r [Given]
CA = CE + EA = 9 + x [½] OTP = 90°
2s = AB + BC + CA = x + 6 + 15 + 9 + x = [radius drawn at the point of contact
30 + 2x is perpendicular to the tangent]
s = 15 + x In OTP,

s – a = 15 + x – 15 = x OT r 1
sin OPT     sin30
s – b = 15 + x – (x + 9) = 6 OP 2r 2
OPT = 30°
s – c = 15 + x – (6 + x) = 9
TOP = 60° [½]
Area of ABC  s(s  a )(a  b )(s  c ) [½]
 OTP is a 30° – 60° – 90°, right triangle.
54  (15  x )( x )(6)(9) In OTS,
OT = OS [Radii of the same circle]
54  3 6(15 x  x 2 )
 OTS is an isosceles triangle.
18  6(15 x  x 2 )  OTS = OST [½]
324 = 6(15x + x2) [Angles opposite to equal sides
54 = 15x + x2 of an isosceles triangle are equal]
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 32 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
In OTQ and OSQ For the circle AS & AP are tangents
OS = OT [Radii of the same circle]  AS = AP ...(i)
OQ = OQ
Similarly,
[side common to both triangles]
BP = BQ ...(ii) [½]
OTQ = OSQ
[angles opposite to equal sides of CQ = CR ...(iii)
an isosceles triangle are equal] RD = DS ...(iv) [½]
 OTQ = OSQ [By S.A.S] [½]
Now, AB + CD = AP + PB + CR + RD ...(v)
 TOQ = SOQ = 60° [C.A.C.T]
and BC + AD = BQ + QC + DS + AS ...(vi) [½]
 TOS = 120°
BC + AD = BP + CR + RD + AP using (i), (i),
[TOS = TOQ + SOQ
(iii), (iv)
= 60° + 60° = 120°]
 AB + CD = BC + AD [Using (v)]
 OTS + OST = 180° – 120° = 60°
 OTS = OST = 60° ÷ 2 = 30° [½] Hence proved [½]

24. 26. P
O x x
B

A V U
6c O
m cm
6
12 cm 9 cm
6 cm

P Q R
T
AB is the chord 12 cm 9 cm
We know that OA = OB [radii] ar(PQR) = ar(POQ) + ar(QOR) + ar(POR)
OBP = OAP = 90° 1 1 1
 189   OV  PQ   OT  QR   OU  PR
Join OP and OP = OP [Common] [½] 2 2 2
By RHS congruency [½]
OBP  OAP [½] 1
189   6(PQ  QR  PR)  3(PQ  QR  PR) [½]
 By CPCT, BP = AP [½] 2
In ABP BP = AP (∵ OT = OV = OU = 6 cm)

Angles opposite to equal sides are equal  189 = 3(x + 12 + 12 + 9 + 9 + x)

 BAP = ABP [½] [∵ PV = PU = x, QT = 12 cm and RT = RU

= 9 cm as tangents from external point to a
Hence proved.
circle are equal] [½]
25. C  63 = 24 + 18 + 2x
R  2x = 21
Q
D 21
B  x  PV  PU [½]
2
S P
21 45
A  PQ  PV  QV  12   cm [½]
2 2
ABCD is the Quadrilateral
21 39
Circle touches the sides at P, Q, R, S and PR  PU  UR  9   cm [½]
2 2
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 33
27. A circle with centre O touches the sides AB, BC,  (5)2 = (4)2 + OM 2
CD, and DA of a quadrilateral ABCD at the
 OM = 3 cm [½]
points P, Q, R
and S respectively. In OPT and OPM,

To Prove : AOB + COD = 180° MOP  TOP [Common angles]

and AOD + BOC = 180° OMP   OPT [Each 90°]
D R  POT ~ MOP [By AA similarity] [½]
C
7 TP OP
8O 6 
5  [½]
S 1 MP OM
2 34 Q
45
A B  TP  [½]
P 3
CONSTRUCTION [∵ OP = 5 cm, PM = 4 cm, MO = 3 cm]
Join OP, OQ, OR and OS.
20 2
 TP   6 cm [½]
Proof : Since the two tangents drawn from an 3 3
external point to a circle subtend equal angles
at the centre. 29.

 1 = 2, 3 = 4, 5 = 6 and 7 =  8 O

Now, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + Y X
8 = 360° [½] P Q
[Sum of all the angles Given : A circle with centre O and a tangent XY
subtended at a point is 360°] to the circle at a point P [½]
 2(2 + 3 + 6 + 7) = 360° and To Prove : OP is perpendicular to XY.
2(1 + 8 + 4 + 5) = 360° [½] Construction : Take a point Q on XY other than
 (2 + 3) + (6 + 7) = 180° and P and join OQ. [½]

(1 + 8) + (4 + 5) = 180° [1] Proof : Here the point Q must lie outside the
circle as if it lies inside the tangent XY will
and 2 + 3 = AOB, 6 + 7 = COD
become secant to the circle. [½]
1 + 8 = AOD and 4 + 5 = BOC [½]
Therefore, OQ is longer than the radius OP of
 AOB + COD = 180° and AOD + BOC the circle, That is, OQ > OP. [1]
= 180°
This happens for every point on the line XY
Hence, proved [½]
except the point P. [½]
28. Join OT which bisects PQ at M and
So OP is the shortest of all the distances of the
perpendicular to PQ
point O to the points on XY. [½]
P And hence OP is perpendicular to XY. [½]
5 cm
4 cm Hence, proved.
T O
M
4 cm
30. Given : l and m are two parallel tangents to the
circle with centre O touching the circle at A and
Q B respectively. DE is a tangent at the point C,
In OPM, which intersects l at D and m at E.

OP2 = PM2 + OM2 [By Pythagoras Theorem] To prove: DOE = 90°

[½] Construction: Join OC.

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 34 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
Proof: OP = OP [common]
A D  AOP  BOP [1]
l
[by R.H.S. congruence criterion]
O  AP = BP [1]
C
[corresponding parts of
congruent triangles]
m
B E
Hence, the length of the tangents drawn from an
In ODA and ODC,
external point to a circle are equal. [½]
OA = OC [Radii of the same circle]
32. In the figure, C is the midpoint of the minor arc
AD = DC PQ, O is the centre of the circle and
(Length of tangents drawn from an AB is tangent to the circle through point C.
external point to a circle are equal]
We have to show the tangent drawn at the
DO = OD [Common side] midpoint of the arc PQ of a circle is parallel to
ODA  ODC [SSS congruence criterion] the chord joining the end points of the arc PQ.

[1] We will show PQ || AB. [½]

 DOA = COD ...(i) [½] It is given that C is the midpoint point of the
arc PQ.
Similarly, OEB  OEC [½]
So, arc PC = arc CQ. [½]
 EOB = COE ...(ii) [½]
 PC = CQ
Now, AOB is a diameter of the circle. Hence, it
is a straight line.
DOA + COD + COE + EOB = 180° [½]
O
From (i) and (ii), we have:
P Q
2COD + 2COE = 180° [½]
 COD + COE = 90° A C B
This shows that PQC is an isosceles triangle.
 DOE = 90°
[½]
Hence, proved. [½]
31. Let AP and BP be the two tangents to the circle Thus, the perpendicular bisector of the side PQ
with centre O. of PQC passes through vertex C.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes
A
through the centre of the circle. [½]
P O So the perpendicular bisector of PQ passes
through the centre O of the circle. [½]

B Thus perpendicular bisector of PQ passes

To Prove : AP = BP through the points O and C.

Proof : [½]  PQ  OC [½]

In AOP and BOP, AB is the tangent to the circle through the

point C on the circle.
OA = OB [radii of the same circle]
 AB  OC [½]
OAP = OBP = 90° [1]
The chord PQ and the tangent AB of the circle
[since tangent at any point of
are perpendicular to the same line OC.
a circle is perpendicular to the
radius through the point of contact]  PQ || AB. [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 35
33. AO' = O'X = XO = OC [½] 35.
P
[Since the two circles are equal.]
So, OA = AO' + O'X + XO T O

 OA = 3O'A [1]
Q
In AO'D and AOC,
Given : PT and TQ are two tangents drawn from
DAO' = CAO [Common angle]
an external point T to the circle C(O, r).
ADO' = ACO [Both measure 90°] [½]
To prove : PT = TQ
ADO' ~ ACO [By AA test of similarity] [1]
Construction: Join OT. [½]
DO ' O ' A O ' A 1
   [1] Proof : We know that a tangent to circle is
CO OA 3O ' A 3 perpendicular to the radius through the point of
34. X P A Y contact.
 OPT = OQT = 90°
In OPT and OQT,
O
C OT = OT [Common] [½]
OP = OQ [Radius of the circle] [½]
X Q B Y
OPT = OQT = 90°
To prove : AOB = 90°
 OPT OQT [RHS congruence criterion]
In AOC and AOP,
[½]
OA = OA [Common]
 PT = TQ [CPCT] [½]
OP = OC [radii] [½]
 The lengths of the tangents drawn from an
ACO = APO [right angle] external point to a circle are equal. [½]
 AOC  AOP (By RHS congruency) Now,
[½]
A
By CPCT, AOC = AOP ...(i) [½]
Similarly In BOC and BOQ
OC = OQ [radii]
R Q
OB = OB [Common] [½]
and BCO = BQO = 90°
B C
By RHS congruency, BOC  BOQ [½] P

By CPCT, BOC = BOQ ...(ii) [½] We know that the tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal in length.
PQ is a straight line
 AR = AQ (Tangents from A) ...(i) [½]
 AOP + AOC + BOC + BOQ = 180°
BP = BR (Tangents from B) ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we have [½]
CQ = CP (Tangents from C) ...(iii) [½]
2(AOC + BOC) = 180°
Now, the given triangle is isosceles (∵ AB = AC)
180
AOB  Subtract AR from both sides, we get
2
 AOB = 90° [½] AB – AR = AC – AR [½]
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 36 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
 AB – AR = AC – AQ [Using (ii)] [½]  The lengths of the tangents drawn from an
BR = CQ external point to a circle are equal. [½]
 BP = CP (Using (ii), (iii)] [½] C
R
So BP = CP, shows that BC is bisected at the
point of contact. [½] D Q
36. PT and TQ are two tangent drawn from an
external pant T to the circle C(O, r) S B
P
P A
Let AB touches the circle at P. BC touches the
T O circle at Q. DC touches the circle at R.AD.
touches the circle at S. [½]
Q Then, PB = QB ( Length of the tangents drawn
To prove : PT = TQ from the external point are always equal)
Construction : Join OT [½] Similarly,QC = RC  [½]
Proof: We know that, a tangent to circle is
AP = AS
perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact [½] DS = DR [½]
 OPT = OQT = 90° [½] Now,
In OPT and OQT, AB + CD
OT = OT [Common]
= AP + PB + DR + RC [½]
OP = OQ [Radius of the circle] [½]
= AS + QB + DS + CQ [½]
OPT = OQT = 90°
= AS + DS + QB + CQ
 OPT OQT [RHS congruence criterion]
[½] = AD + BC

 PT = TQ [CPCT] Hence, Proved [½]

5 : Constructions

1. Given a line segment AB = 7 cm  The desired point is P which divides AB in

3 : 2.
A B
P 2. C
Given
4 cm
AP 3 AP 3
    5 AP  3 AP  3PB
AB 5 AP  PB 5
A B
5 cm
 2AP = 3PB
Steps :
AP 3
  [1] 1) Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm, Draw a
PB 2 ray SA making 90° with it.
P
A B 2) Draw an arc with radius 4 cm to cut ray SA
A1 at C. Join BC to form ABC.
A2
A3 [1]
A4 3) Draw a ray AX making an acute angle with
A5
X AB, opposite to vertex C.
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 37
4) Locate 5 points (as 5 is greater in 5 and 3), 6. Join B 4 C and now draw a line from B 3
A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , on line segment AX parallel to B4C so that it cuts BC at C
such that AA = A1A2 = A2A3 = A3A4 = A4A5 7. From C draw a line parallel to AC and cuts
5) Join A3B. Draw a line through A5 parallel to AB at A
A3B intersecting line segment AB at B. 8. A'BC' is the required triangle [1]
6) Through B, draw a line parallel to BC 4. A
intersecting extended line segment AC at
C. AB'C' is the required triangle. [1]

C 45° 30°
B 8 cm C
Steps :
C
S 1) Draw a ABC with BC = 8 cm, B = 45° &
4 cm C = 30°
R Q
2) Draw a ray BX making acute angle with BC
A P 5 cm B B on the opposite side of vertex A
A1 [2] 3) Mark four points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BX such
A2 that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4
A3
A4 4) Join B4C and draw a line parallel to B4C
A5 from B3 such that it cuts BC at C.
x 5) Form C draw another line parallel to AC
3. C such that it cuts AC at A. [1]
6) ABC is the required triangle.
8 cm
A
B A
6 cm
A
Given ABC which is a right angled triangle
B = 90° 45° C 30°
B 8 cm C
Steps :
B1
B2
1. Draw line segment BC = 8 cm, draw a ray B3
BX making an angle 90° with BC B4
[2]
x
2. Draw an arc with radius 6 cm from B so that 5. Pair of a circle with radius = 3 cm inclined to
it cuts BX at A each other with angle 60°
3. Now join AC to form ABC B
X
P 60° O
A
A A
6 cm If APB = 60°
8 cm
B C [2] [As AOBP is a cyclic quadrilateral]
C
B1 Then AOB = 180 – 60°
B2
B3
Y B4 = 120° [½]
4. Draw a ray BY by making an acute angle Tangents can be constructed in the following
with BC, opposite to vertex A manner:

5. Locate 4 points B1, B2, B3, B4, on BY such Step 1

that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4 Draw a circle of radius 3 cm with center O.
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 38 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
Step 2 8) From C draw a line parallel to AC such
Take a point A on the circumference of the circle that it cuts AB at A thus ABC is the
and join OA. Draw a perpendicular to OA at required triangle [1]
point A. AB AB BC 5
   
Step 3 AB AC BC 3
Draw a radius OB, making an angle of 120° with 7. It is given that A = 105°, C = 30°.
OA.
Using angle sum property of triangle, we get,
Step 4 B = 45°
Draw a perpendicular to OB at point B. Let both The steps of construction are as follows:
the perpendicular intersect at point P. PA and PB
are the required tangents at an angle of 60°. [1] 1. Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm.
2. At B, draw a ray BX making an angle of 45°
P with BC.
°
60

3. At C, draw a ray CY making an angle of 30°

B
with BC. Let the two rays meet at point A.
4. Below BC, make an acute angle CBZ.
A 60° 120°
O A [1½]
5. Along BZ mark three points B1, B2, B3 such
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3.
6. Join B3C.
6. 7. From B2, draw B2C || B3C.
A
8. From C draw CA || CA, meeting BA at the
3 cm 5 cm point A. [1]
Then ABC is the required triangle.
B C
4 cm
x X

A Y
A
A A
3 cm

C 45° 30°
B 4 cm C B 6 cm C C [2]
B1 B1
B2
B3 B B2
4
B5 y [2] B3 Z
Steps :
8.
1) Draw BC = 4 cm
2) Draw a ray BX such that XBY = 90°
A
3) Take compass with radius 3 cm and draw an
4
arc from B cutting BX at A P 2 O
M
4) Join A and C to from ABC [2]
B
5) Draw a ray BY opposite side of A such that
CBY is acute angle
6) Along BY mark 5 equidistant points B1, B2,
B3, B4, B5 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = Steps of construction :
B3B4 = B4B5 1. Draw two concentric circle with centre O and
7) Join B5 to C and draw a line parallel to B5C radii 4 cm and 6 cm. Take a point P on the
from B3 such that it cuts BC at C outer circle and then join OP.
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 39
2. Draw the perpendicular bisector of OP. Let 10. 1. Construct the ABC as per given
the bisector intersects OP at M. measurements.

3. With M as the centre and OM as the radius, of AB which does not

2. In the half plane
draw a circle. Let it intersect the inner circle contain C, draw. AX such that BAX is an
at A and B. acute angle.

4. Join PA and PB. Therefore, PA and PB are 3. Along AX mark 8 equidistant points B1, B2
the required tangents. [1] …, B 8 such that B 1 B 2 = B 3B 4 = B 4 B 5 =
B5B6 = B6B7 = B7B8
9. Follow the given steps to construct the figure.
4. Draw B6 B .
1. Draw a line BC of 8 cm length.
5. Through B 8 draw a ray B 8B parallel to
2. Draw BX perpendicular to BC. B6 B . to intersect AY at B.
3. Mark an arc at the distance of 6 cm on BX. 6. Through B draw a ray BC parallel to BC
Mark it as A. to intersect AZ at C.
4. Join A and C to get ABC. Thus, ABC is the required triangle. [1½]
5. With B as the centre, draw an arc on AC. Z

6. Draw the bisector of this arc and join it

C
with B. Thus, BD is perpendicular to AC.
C
7. Now, draw the perpendicular bisector of BD
and CD. Take the point of intersection of
30° 6 cm 60° B B
both perpendicular bisector as O.
A 8 cm Y
B1 [2½]
8. With O as the centre and OB as the radius, B2
B3
draw a circle passing through points B, C B4 P
B5
B6
and D. B7
B8
9. Join A and O and bisect it Let P be the X
midpoint of AO. 11. Steps :

10. Taking P as the centre and PO as its (i) Take a point O on the plane of the paper
radius, draw a circle which will intersect the and draw a circle of radius OA = 4 cm.
circle at point B and G. Join A and G. (ii) Produce OA to B such that OA = AB =
Here, AB and AG are the required tangents 4 cm.
to the circle from A. [1] (iii) Draw a circle with centre at A and radius AB.
X (iv) Suppose it cuts the circle drawn in step (i)
at P and Q.
A (v) Join BP and BQ to get the required
tangents. [2]
D G P
P
6 cm 60°
°
30

30° 60° 60°

B O
B O 8 cm C 30° A 4 cm

[2] [2]
Q
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 40 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
12. A (ii) Draw an arc with radius 5 cm from B so that
105° it cuts BX at A.
45° 30° (iii) Now join AC to form ABC.
B C
7 cm
In the ABC, A + B +C =180° (iv) Draw a ray BY making an acute angle with
BC opposite to vertex A.
 C = 30°
(v) Locate 4 points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BY such
Steps :
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.
1. Draw BC  7 cm with help of a ruler
(vi) Join B 4 C and now draw a line from B 3
2. Take a protractor measure parallel to B4C so that it cuts BC at C'.
 angle 45° from
point B and draw a ray BX
(vii) From C' draw a line parallel to AC and cuts
3. From point C, make angle 30° with help of AB at A'.
protractor such that BCY = 30°
  (viii) A'BC' is the required triangle. [1½]
4. Now both BX and CY intersect at a
point A
14.
5. Draw a ray BZ making an acute angle with C
BC
6. Along the ray BZ mark 4 points B1, B2, B3, C
m
B4 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4 6c

7. Now join B4 to C and draw a line parallel to

B4C from B3 intersecting the line BC at C’ 45º
A B
8. Draw a line through C parallel to CA which 5 cm B [2½]
intersects BA at A [1½] A1
A2
ABC is the required triangle.
A3
y x A4
A
A A5
X
45° 30°
B C Steps :
7 cm C
B1 [2½]
B2 (i) Construct ABC such that AB = 5 cm,
B3
B4 CAB = 45° and CA = 6 cm.
z
13. x [2½] (ii) Draw any ray AX making an acute angle
A
with AB on the side opposite to the vertex C.

5 cm (iii) Mark points A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 on AX such

that AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = A3A4 = A4A5.
60° C C
B (iv) Join A5B.
6 cm
B1 (v) Through A 3, draw a line parallel to A 5B
B2 intersecting with AB at B.
B3
B4 (vi) Through B, draw a line parallel to BC
y intersecting with AC at C.
Steps :
Now, ABC is the required triangle whose sides
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm, draw a ray 3
are of the corresponding sides of ABC. [1½]
BX making 60° with BC. 5
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 41

6 : Surface Areas and Volumes

1. Surface area of sphere = 616 cm2 5. Answer (B)

4r2 = 616 [½] Let r and h be the radius and the height of the
cylinder, respectively.
22 2
4  r  616 Given: Diameter of the cylinder = 4 cm
7  Radius of the cylinder, r = 2 cm
r  7 cm [½] Height of the cylinder, h = 45 cm
Volume of the solid cylinder = r2h =  × (2)2 ×
2. R 45 cm3 = 180 cm3 [½]
Suppose the radius of each sphere be R cm.
I Diameter of the sphere = 6 cm
 Radius of the sphere, R = 3 cm
r Let n be the number of solids formed by melting
Given slant height () = 4 cm the solid metallic cylinder.
•  n × volume of the solid spheres
Perimeters of circular ends:
= Volume of the solid cylinder
2r = 6 cm
4
 n R 3  180
2R = 18 cm [½] 3
C.S.A = () (r + R) = 4 × 12 = 48 cm2 [½] 4
 n R 3  180
3
3. Answer (B)
180  3
Largest cone that can be cut from a cube has  n 5
4  27
the
Thus, the number of solid spheres that can be
Diameter = side of cube [½] formed is 5. [½]
Height = side of cube 6. Volume of cube = 27 cm3
 Volume of cube = (side)3 = 27 cm3
4.2
 radius   2.1 cm [½] Side  3 27 cm
2
Side = 3 cm [½]
4. Answer (C)
If two cubes are joined end to end the resulting
Let the original radius and the height of the figure is cuboid
cylinder be r and h respectively.
 3 cm 

Volume of the original cylinder = r2h

r
Radius of the new cylinder 
2
m
3c

Height of the new cylinder = h



3 cm 3 cm
2 2 i.e., length = l = 6 cm
r  r h
Volume of the new cylinder     h  [½] breadth = b = 3 cm [½]
2 4
height = h = 3 cm
Volume of the new cylinder
Required ratio  Surface area of resulting cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Volume of the original cylinder [½]
r 2 h = 2 × (6 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 6) cm2
1 = 2 × (18 + 9 + 18)
 42   1: 4 [½]
r h 4 = 2 × 45 = 90 cm2 [½]
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 42 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
7. Cone: height = 20 cm 10. C 6 cm O D
Base radius = 5 cm
Cone is reshaped into a sphere
•  Volume of cone = volume of sphere [1] 7 cm
1 4
  5   20     r 
2 3
3 3
r3 = 5 3
A B
 r = 5 cm [1] O
Given: Radius of cylinder = radius of cone =
1
8. Given volume of a hemisphere  2425 cm3 r = 6 cm
2
Height of the cylinder = height of the cone
4851
 cm3 [½] = h = 7 cm [½]
2
Now, let r be the radius of the hemisphere Slant height of the cone = l  72  62

2 3  85 cm [½]
Volume of a hemisphere  r
3 Total surface area of the remaining solid =
2 3 4851 Curved surface area of the cylinder + area of the
 r 
3 2 base of the cylinder + curved surface area of
the cone
2 22 3 4851
  r 
3 7 2  Total surface area of the remaining solid
= (2rh + r2 + rl) [1]
3
4851 3 7  21 
 r3     [½]
2 2 22  2   2
22
67 
22 2 22
6   6 85
7 7 7
21
 r  cm 792 132
2  264   85
7 7
So, curved surface area of the hemisphere = 2r2
132
 377.1  85 cm2 [1]
22 21 21 7
 2    693 sq.cm [1]
7 2 2 11. Volume of the conical heap = volume of the sand
9. 20 emptied from the bucket.
Volume of the conical heap
h = 21 cm 1 2 1
r h  r 2  24 cm3 ...(i)
3 3

10
(height of the cone is 24) [1]
Volume of the sand in the bucket = r2h
Volume of frustum 

3

h R 2  r 2  rR  [1]
= (18)2 × 32 cm3 ...(ii) [1]


22
73

 21 102  202  10  20  Equating (i) and (ii),

1 2
r  24   18   32
2
= 22(700) cm3 [½]
3
= 15400 cm3 = 15.4 [1]
 r2 
18 2  32  3 [½]
Cost of milk = 15.4 × 30 24
= `462 [1]  r = 36 cm

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 43
12.  4 
 r 2  h  r 
 3 
22 2 4 
   3.5   10   3.5 
7 cm 13 cm 7  3 
= 38.5 × (10 – 4.67) [1]
= 38.5 × 5.33
= 205.205 cm3 [½]
Let the radius and height of cylinder be r cm and 14. For the given tank
h cm respectively. Diameter = 10 m
Diameter of the hemispherical bowl = 14 cm Radius, R = 5 m
 Radius of the hemispherical bowl = Radius Depth, H = 2 m [½]
of the cylinder
Internal radius of the pipe
14
r  cm  7 cm [1] 20 1
2 r  cm  10 cm  m [½]
2 10
Total height of the vessel = 13 cm
Rate of flow of water = v = 4 km/h = 4000 m/h
 Height of the cylinder, h = 13 cm – 7 cm =
Let t be the time taken to fill the tank. [½]
6 cm [1]
So, the volume of water flows through the pipe
Total surface area of the vessel = 2 (curved
in t hours will equal to the volume of the tank.
surface area of the cylinder + curved surface
area of the hemisphere) (Since, the vessel is  r2 × v × t = R2H [1]
hollow) 2
 1
    4000  t   5   2
2
= 2(2rh + 2r2) = 4r(h + r)  10 
22 25  2  100 1
 4  7   6  7  cm2  t 1
7 4000 4
= 1144 cm2 [1] 1
Hence, the time taken is 1 hours [½]
13. 3.5 cm 4
C
15.

30°
h
20 cm

S x Q
P
10 cm

O R B
3.5 cm A
Height of the cylinder, h = 10 cm Let ACB be the cone whose vertical angle ACB
= 60°. Let R and x be the radii of the lower and
Radius of the cylinder = Radius of each
upper end of the frustum.
hemisphere = r = 3.5 cm [½]
Here, height of the cone, OC = H = 20 cm
Volume of wood in the toy = Volume of the
cylinder – 2 × Volume of each hemisphere Height CP = h = 10 cm [½]

2 3 Let us consider P as the mid-point of OC.

 r 2 h  2  r [1]
3 After cutting the cone into two parts through P.

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44 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

20 16. Diameter of the tent = 4.2 m

OP   10 cm [½]
2 Radius of the tent, r = 2.1 m
1
Also, ACO and OCB   60  30 Height of the cylindrical part of tent, h cylinder =
2 4m
After cutting cone CQS from cone CBA, the
Height of the conical part, h cone = 2.8 m [½]
remaining solid obtained is a frustum.
Slant height of the conical part, l
Now, in triangle CPQ
x  h 2cone  r 2
tan30 
10
 2.82  2.12
1 x
 
3 10  2.82  2.12
10 = 3.5 m [½]
 x cm [½]
3 Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2rh
In triangle COB
22
R  2  2.1 4
tan30  7
CO
= 22 × 0.3 × 8 = 52.8 m2 [½]
1 R
  Curved surface area of the conical tent
3 20
22
20  rl   2.1 3.5  23.1 m2 [½]
 R cm [½] 7
3
Total area of cloth required for building one tent
1

Volume of the frustum, V   R 2 H  x 2 h
3
 = Curved surface area of the cylinder + Curved
surface area of the conical tent
2 2 = 52.8 + 23.1
1   20   10  
 V    .20    .10  = 75.9 m2
3  3   3  [½]
 
Cost of building one tent = 75.9 × 100 = ` 7590
1  8000 1000 
   Total cost of 100 tents = 7590 × 100
3  3 3 
= ` 7,59,000
1  7000 
 
3  3 
Cost to be borne by the associations
759000
1   3,79,500 [½]
   7000 2
9
It shows the helping nature, unity and
7000 cooperativeness of the associations.
  [½]
9
17. Internal diameter of the bowl = 36 cm
The volumes of the frustum and the wire formed
Internal radius of the bowl, r = 18 cm
are equal.
2 3 2
2 Volume of the liquid, V  r     183 [½]
 1  7000  3 3
  l    Volume of wire  r 2 h 
 24  9 Let the height of the small bottle be ‘h’
7000 Diameter of a small cylindrical bottle = 6 cm
 l  24  24
9
Radius of a small bottle, R = 3 cm
 l = 448000 cm = 4480 m [½]
Volume of a single bottle = R2h =  ×32 × h [½]
Hence, the length of the wire is 4480 m. Number of small bottles, n = 72
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 45
10 2 Volume of a cone
Volume wasted in the transfer      183
100 3 1 2
[½]  r h
3
Volume of liquid to be transferred in the bottles 2
1  3.5 
2 10 2
    3
    183      183 3  2 
3 100 3
1 3.5 3.5
2  10       3 cm3 [½]
    183  1  3 2 2
3 
 100  Volume of 504 cones
2 90
    183  [½] 1 3.5 3.5
3 100  504      3 cm3 [½]
3 2 2
Number of small cylindrical bottles
Let the radius of the new sphere be ‘R’.
Volume of the liquid to be transferred
 4
Volume of single bottle [½] Volume of the sphere  R 3
3
2 90
   183  Volume of 504 cones = Volume of the sphere [½]
 72  3 100
  32  h 1 3.5 3.5 4
504      3  R 3
3 2 2 3
2 9
 183 
 72  3 10 504  1   3.5  3.5  3  3
  R3
32  h 3 2 2 4 
2 9 504  3  49
 18  18  18   R3 
 h 3 10 64
32  72
 h = 5.4 cm [½] 7  8  9  3  72
 R3 
64
Height of the small cylindrical bottle = 10.8 cm
18. Side of the cubical block, a = 10 cm 8  27  73
 R3 
Largest diameter of a hemisphere = side of the cube 64

Since the cube is surmounted by a hemisphere, 237

 R
Diameter of the hemisphere = 10 cm 4

Radius of the hemisphere, r = 5 cm [1] 21

 R  10.5 cm [1]
2
Total surface area of the solid = Total surface
area of the cube – Inner cross-section area of Radius of the new sphere = 10.5 cm
the hemisphere + Curved surface area of the V
hemisphere 20.
2.8 m
= 6a2 – r2 + 2r2 [1]
A B
= 6a2 + r2 1.5 m 1.5 m

= 6 × (10)2 + 3.14 × 52
= 600 + 78.5 = 678.5 cm2
2.1 m
Total surface area of the solid = 678.5 cm2 [1]
19. Number of cones = 504
Diameter of a cone = 3.5 cm
D 1.5 m 1.5 m C
Radius of the cone, r = 1.75 cm
3m
Height of the cone, h = 3 cm [½]

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 46 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
For conical portion, we have Rise in the water level of cylindrical vessel
r = 1.5 m and l = 2.8 m 5 32
h3 cm  cm
9 9
 S1 = Curved surface area of conical portion
Increase in volume of cylindrical vessel
 S1 = rl
32 32
= 4.2m2 [½]  R 2 h  R 2   R 2 [½]
9 9
For cylindrical portion, we have Now, volume of water displaced by the sphere is
r = 1.5 m and h = 2.1 m equal to volume of sphere

 S2 = Curved surface area of cylindrical portion 32

 R 2  288 [1]
9
 S2 = 2rh
288  9
 R2   81 [½]
= 2 ×  × 1.5 × 2.1 [½] 32
= 6.3m2  R = 9 cm

Area of canvas used for making the tent = S1 + S2  Diameter of the cylindrical vessel = 2 × R =
2 × 9 = 18 cm [½]
= 4.2 + 6.3
23. Given canal width = 5.4 m
= 10.5
Depth = 1.8 m [½]
22
 10.5  [1] Water flow speed = 25 km/hr
7
Distance covered by water in 40 minutes
= 33 m2
Total cost of the canvas at the rate of ` 500 per 25  40
 [½]
m2 = `(500 × 33) = `16500. [1] 60

21. Let the radius of the conical vessel = r1 = 5 cm 50

 km
3
Height of the conical vessel = h1 = 24 cm [½]
Volume of water flows through pipe
Radius of the cylindrical vessel = r2
50
Let the water rise upto the height of h2 cm in the   5.4  1.8  1000
3
cylindrical vessel.
= 162 × 103 m3 [1]
Now, volume of water in conical vessel = volume
of water in cylindrical vessel Area irrigate with 10 cm of water standing

1 2 162  103
r1 h1  r22 h2 
3 10  10 2
r12 h1  3r22 h2 [1½] = 162 × 104 m2 [1]

5 × 5 × 24 = 3 × 10 × 10 × h2 24. Volume of cuboid = 4.4 × 2.6 × 1

= 11.44 m3 [½]
5  5  24
h2   2 cm [1]
3  10  10
Thus, the water will rise upto the height of 2 cm 5
in the cylindrical vessel. 
22. Radius of sphere = r = 6 cm
30
Volume of sphere 35

4 3 4
r     6   288 cm3
3
 [½]
3 3
Length = l
Let R be the radius of cylindrical vessel.
Inner radius = 30 cm [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 47
Outer radius = 35 cm 22 150  22
 12  12.5   471.428 m2 [1]
Volume of cuboid = volume of cylindrical pipe 7 7

11.44 

  l  352  302  [1]
27. Width of the canal = 6 m
Depth of the canal = 1.5 m
100  100  100
l = 10.205 × 104 cm 1
Length of the water column formed in hr
l = 102.05 km [1] 2
= 5 km or 5000 m [½]
25. r 1
 Volume of water flowing in hr
2
= Volume of cuboid of length 5000 m, width
6 m and depth 1.5 m.
r = 5000 × 6 × 1.5 = 45000 m3 [1]
On comparing the volumes,
Let r be the radius of the base of the cylinder
and h be its height. Then, Volume of water in field = Volume of water
Total surface area of the article = curved surface coming out from canal in 30 minutes. [½]
area of the cylinder + 2 (Curved surface area of Irrigated area × standing water = 45000.
a hemisphere) [1]
45000
= 2rh + 2 × 2r 2
Irrigated Area  [∵ 1 m = 100 cm] [½]
8
= 2r(h + 2r) [1]
100
22
 2  3.5 10  2  3.5  cm2 45000  100
7  = 5,62,500 m2 [½]
8
= 22 × 17 cm2 = 374 cm2 [1]
26. Given 28. 4.2 cm


5 cm
3.5 m
5 cm

12 m
Base diameter = 24 m 5 cm
Base radius = 12 m The total surface area of the cube = 6 × (edge)2
Height = 3.5 m = 6 × 5 × 5 cm2 = 150 cm2 [1]
1 2
Volume  r h [½] Note that the part of the cube where the
3 hemisphere is attached is not included in the
1 22 surface area.
   12  12  3.5
3 7
So, the surface area of the block = TSA of cube
= 22 × 4 × 12 × 0.5
– base area of hemisphere + CSA of hemisphere
= 264 × 2 [1]
= 528 m3 [1]
 2 = 122 + 3.52 = 144 + 12.25 = 150 – r2 + 2r2 = (150 + r2) cm2 [1]
2 = 156.25 [½]
 22 4.2 4.2 
 150 cm2     cm2
  156.25  12.5 m  7 2 2 
Curved surface area = r
= (150 + 13.86) cm2 = 163.86 cm2 [1]
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 48 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
29. Diameter of circular end of pipe = 2 cm  676  26 cm [1]
 Radius r1 of circular end of pipe Area of metal sheet used to make the bucket
2
 m  0.01 m [½]    r1  r2  l  r22 [1]
200
=(15 + 5)26 + (5)2
Area of cross-section
= 520 + 25 = 545 cm2 [½]
   r12    0.012  0.0001 m2 [½]
Cost of 100 cm2 metal sheet = `10
Speed of water = 0.4 m/s s = 0.4 × 60
Cost of 545 cm2 metal sheet
= 24 metre/min
545  3.14  10
Volume of water that flows in 1 minute from pipe `  ` 171.13 [½]
100
= 24 × 0.0001 m3 = 0.0024 m3 Therefore, cost of metal sheet used to make the
Volume of water that flows in 30 minutes from bucket is ` 171.13.
pipe = 30 × 0.0024m3 = 0.072 m3 [½] 2.5 cm
31.
Radius (r2) of base of cylindrical tank = 40 cm
= 0.4 m [½]
Let the cylindrical tank be filled up to h m in 30
minutes.
11 cm
Volume of water filled in tank in 30 minutes is
equal to the volume of water flowed out in 30
minutes from the pipe [1]
Height (h) of the conical vessel = 11 cm
   r22  h  0.072
Radius (r1) of the conical Vessel = 2.5 cm
 0.42 × h = 0.072 [½] Radius (r 2 ) of the metallic spherical balls
 0.16h = 0.072 0.5
  0.25 cm [½]
2
0.072
 h Let n be the number of spherical balls = that
0.16
were dropped in the vessel.
 h = 0.45 m = 45 cm [½]
Volume of the water spilled = Volume of the
Therefore, the rise in level of water in the tank spherical balls dropped [½]
in half an hour is 45 cm.
2
30. Diameter of upper end of bucket = 30 cm  Volume of cone = n × Volume of one
5
 Radius (r1) of upper end of bucket = 15 cm spherical ball [1]
[½] 2 1 2 4
  r1 h  n  r23 [½]
5 3 3
Diameter of lower end of bucket = 10 cm
 Radius (r1) of lower end of bucket = 5 cm  r12 h  n  10r23

[½]  (2.5)2 × 11 = n × 10 × (0.25)3

Slant height (l) of frustum  68.75 = 0.15625 n [½]

 n = 440
  r1  r2 2  h2 Hence, the number of spherical balls that were
dropped in the vessel is 440.
 15  5 2  242  102  242  100  576
Sushant made the arrangement so that the

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 49
water that flows out, irrigates the flower beds. 2 3
Volume of hemisphere  r [½]
This shows the judicious usage of water. [1] 3
2 22
  4.2 
32. The following figure shows the required cylinder 3
 
and the conical cavity 3 7
4.2 cm = 155.232 cm3 [½]
Volume of the remaining cylinder after scooping
out hemisphere from each end
Volume of original cylinder – 2 × Volume of
2.8 cm hemisphere
= 554.4 – 2 × 155.232 [½]
= 243.936 cm3
The remaining cylinder is melted and converted
Given Height (b) of the conical Part = Height (h) to a new cylindrical wire of 1.4 cm thickness.
of the cylindrical part = 2.8 cm So they have same volume and radius of new
Diameter of the cylindrical part = Diameter of the cylindrical wire is 0.7 cm.
conical part = 4.2 cm Volume of the remaining cylinder = Volume of
 Radius  of the cylindrical part = Radius  the new cylindrical wire
of the conical part = 2.1 cm [½] 243.936 = r2h [½]
Slant height (l) of the conical part 22
243.936   0.7 2 h
7
  2.12   2.8 2 cm
h = 158.4 cm
 4.41  7.81 cm  The length of the new cylindrical wire of
1.4 cm thickness is 158.4 cm [½]
 12.25 cm [½]
34. Height of conical upper part = 3.5 m, and radius
= 3.5 cm = 2.8 m
Total surface area of the remaining solid = Curved (Slant height of cone)2 = 2.12 + 2.82
surface area of the cylindrical part +Curved = 4.41 + 7.84
surface area of the conical part + Area of the
cylindrical base Slant height of cone  12.25  3.5 m [½]
= 2rh + rl + r2 [1] The canvas used for each tent

 22 22 22 
Curved surface area of cylindrical base + curved
 2  2.1 2.8   2.1 3.5   2.1 2.1 cm2 [1] surface area of conical upper part [½]
 7 7 7 
= (36.96 + 23.1 + 13.86) cm2 = 2rh + rl

= 73.92 cm2 [½] = r(2h + l)

22
Thus, the total surface area of the remaining   2.8  7  3.5  [½]
solid is 73.92 cm2 [½] 7
33. Height of the cylinder (h) = 10 cm 22
  2.8  10.5
7
Radius of the base of the cylinder = 4.2 cm [½]
= 92.4 m2 [½]
Volume of original cylinder = r2h [½]
So, the canvas used for one tent is 92.4 m2
22
  4.2   10
2
 Thus, the canvas used for 1500 tents
7
= (92.4 × 1500) m2 [½]
= 554.4 cm3 [½]
Canvas used to make the tents cost ` 120 per
sq. m
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 50 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
So, canvas used to make 1500 tents will cost 20 20
` 92.4 × 1500 × 120 [½] 37. 8 cm

The amount shared by each school to set up

the tents
92.4  1500  120 h
 ` 332640 [½]
50
The amount shared by each school to set up
the tents is ` 332640. 12cm

The value to help others in times of troubles is Let the height of the bucket be h cm and slant
generated from the problem. [½] height be l cm.
35. Water from the roof drains into cylindrical tank Here r1 = 20 cm
Volume of water from roof flows into the tank of
r2 = 12 cm [½]
the rainfall is x cm and given the tank is full we
3
can write, [½] And capacity of bucket = 12308.8 cm
Volume of water collected on roof = volume of We know that capacity of bucket
the tank [1]
h 2
2  (r1  r22  r1r2 ) [½]
22  20  x 2 3
     3.5 [1½]
100 2
h
x = 2.5 cm [½]  3.14   400  144  240
3
 Rainfall is of 2.5 cm [½]
36. Let r1 = 5 cm and r2 15 cm are radii of lower h
 3.14   784
and upper circular faces. 3
D h
C  E  3.14  784  12308.8
15 cm  So we have [½]
3
24 cm 24 cm 12308.8  3
h
3.14  784
A 5 cm B = 15 cm [½]
Metal sheet required = Area of curved surface + Now, the slant height of the frustum,
Area of Base
l  h 2  (r1  r2 )2 [½]
   r1  r2    r12 (i) [½]
 15 2  8 2
Slant height of frustum = l =  r2  r1 2  h2 [½]
 289 [½]
l 15  5 2  242 = 17 cm
l  102  242 Area of metal sheet used in making it
 100  576 = r22 + (r1 + r2) l [½]
l  676 [½] = 3.14 × [144 + (20 + 12) × 17]
l = 26 cm = 2160.32 cm2 [½]
Metal required = (5 + 15) 26 + (5)2 [½]
38. Radius of the bigger end of the frustum (bucket)
=  × 20 × 26 +  × 25 of cone = R = 20 cm [½]
= 5(4 × 26 + 5)
Radius of the smaller end of the frustum (bucket)
= 5 (109)
of the cone = r = 8 cm [½]
22
 5  109 Height = 16 cm [½]
7
= 1712.85 cm2 [1] Volume = 1/3rh [R2 + r2 + R × r] [½]
There is a chance of breakdown due to stress = 1/3 × 22/7 × 16 [202 + 82+ 20 × 8]
on ordinary plastic. [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 51
= 352/21 [400 + 64 + 160] [½] Actual capacity of the glass = Volume of
= (352 × 624)/21 cylinder – Volume of hemisphere [½]
Volume of the cylindrical glass = r2 h [½]
= 219648/21
= 3.14 × (2.5)2 × 10
= 10459.43 cu. cm [½] = 3.14 × 2.5 × 2.5 × 10
Now, = 3.14 × 6.25 × 10 [½]
= 196.25 cm 3
R
2 3
Volume of hemisphere  r [½]
3
2
  2.5 
3
h 
3
= 32.7 cm3 [½]
r Apparent capacity of the glass = Volume of
cylinder = 196.25 cm3
Slant height of the frustum  I   R  r 2  h 2 Actual capacity of the glass
[½] = Total volume of cylinder – volume of
hemisphere [1]
I  20  8  2
 162 = 196.25 – 32.7 [½]
= 163.54 cm3 [½]
I  122  162 3
Hence, apparent capacity = 196.25 cm [½]
I  144  256 Actual capacity of the glass = 163.54 cm3 [½]
I  400
40.
I = 20 cm [½] 7 cm
Slant height is 20 cm 10.5 cm

Now,
6 cm
Surface area = [r2 + (R + r) × l] [1]
= 22/7[82 + (20 + 8) × 20] [½]
22
 64  560
7 10 cm
Given, internal diameter of the cylinder = 10 cm
22
  624 Internal radius of the cylinder = 5 cm [½]
7
and height of the cylinder = 10.5 cm
13728 Similarly, diameter of the cone = 7 cm [½]
 [½]
7 Radius of the cone = 3.5 cm and Height of the
= 1961.14 cm2 cone = 6 cm
39. Apparent capacity of the glass = Volume of (i) Volume of water displaced out of cylindrical
cylinder [½] vessel = volume of cone [1]
1 2
 r h [½]
3
5 cm
1 22
   3.5  3.5  6  77 cm3 [1]
3 7
(ii) Volume of water left In the cylindrical vessel
10 cm = volume of cylinder – volume of cone [1]
= R2H – Volume of cone [½]
22
  5  5  10.5  77
7
= 825 – 77 = 748 cm3 [1]
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 52 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
41. 20 cm
42.
h

16 cm

?
Radius of base of the cone = r = 21 cm [½]
8 cm
Let the radius of lower end of the frustum be Let the height of the cone be h cm
r = 8 cm [½] Volume of the cone = 2/3 volume of the
Let the radius of upper end of the frustum be hemisphere [½]
R = 20 cm [½] 1 2 2 2
r h   r 3 [½]
Let the height of the frustum be h cm 3 3 3
Volume of the frustum 4 4
 h r   21  28 cm [½]
3 3

3
 
h R 2  r 2  Rr  10459 
3 73216
7 7
[1] Surface area of the toy = lateral surface area of
cone + curved surface area of hemisphere [1]
Therefore, substituting the value of R and r.
r r 2  h 2  2r 2 [1]
22 1

 h 202  82  20  8 
7 3
73216
7
 22 22
  21 212  282  2   21 21 [1]
73216 7 7 7
h  400  64  160    3
7 22  66  441  784  2772
h × 624 = 9984 = 66 × 35 + 2772
9984 = 2310 + 2772 = 5082 cm2 [1]
h  16 cm [1]
624 43. Let the level of water in the pond rises by 21 cm
Total surface area of the container in t hours.
Speed of water = 15 km/hr
  R  r   R  r 2  h2  r 2 [1] = 15000 m/hr [½]
22 22 2 14
  20  8   20  8 2  162  8 [½] Diameter of pipe = 14 cm 
100
m
7 7
22 22 7
  28 122  162   64  Radius of the pipe, r  m [½]
7 7 100
22 22 Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in 1
  28 144  256   64 hour = r2h [½]
7 7
2

22
7

28  400  64 
22
7

 28  20  64  
22  7


m  15000 m
7  100 
22 22 = 231 m3
  560  64    624 [½]
[1]
7 7  Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in t
Cost of 1 cm square metal sheet is 1. 40 ` hours = 231t m3 [½]
Cost of required sheet = Volume of water in the cuboidal pond
22 21
 624  1.40  2745.60 ` [1]  50 m  44m  m  Volume of cuboid = lbh 
7 100
= 462 m3 [1]
Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in t hours

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 53
= Volume of water in the cuboidal pond [1] Hence the height of bucket is 15 cm. [1]
 231t = 462 45. O
462
 t  2 hrs
231
Thus, the water in the pond rise by 21 cm in 2
hours. [1]

44. R A B
7 cm

h
Radius of hemi-sphere = 7 cm [½]

Radius of cone = 7 cm [½]

r
Height of cone = diameter = 14 cm [½]
Here, R = 28 cm and r = 21 cm, [1]
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of
Volume of frustum = 28.49 L hemi-sphere [1]
= 28.49 × 1000 cm3
1 2 2
 r h  r 3 [1]
= 28490 cm3 [1] 3 3

Now, volume of frustum 

3

h 2
R  Rr  r 2  [1½] 
1 2
r  h  2r  [½]
3


22 h
73
 
282  28  21  212  28490 [1] 
1 22
  49 14  14 
3 7

22 1 22
 h  1813  28490 [½]    49  28
21 [1]
3 7

28490  21 22  7  28 4312
 h  15 cm   cm3
22  1813 3 3
[1]

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 54 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

7 : Statistics

1.  f1  f0 
Class Class marks  Mode  I   h [1]
 2 f1  f0  f 2 
 
10 + 25 [½]
10 – 25 = 17.5  16  10 
2  30     10 [½]
 2  16  10  12 
35 + 55 [½] 6
35 – 55 = 45  30   10 = 30 + 6 = 36
2 [½]
10
4. Class Mid values Frequency di = xi x i – 18 fi ui
[1]
xi ui =
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency fi –18 2
2. [1]
5 – 10 49 49 11 – 13 12 3 –6 –3 –9
10 – 15 133 182 13 – 15 14 6 –4 –2 –12
15 – 20 63 245
15 – 17 16 9 –2 –1 –9
20 – 25 15 260
266 17 – 19 18 13 0 0 0
25 – 30 6
30 – 35 7 273 19 – 21 20 f 2 1 f
35 – 40 4 277 21 – 23 22 5 4 2 10
40 – 45 2 279
23 – 25 24 4 6 3 12
45 – 50 1 280
fi = 40 + f

Let N = total frequency fiui = f – 8

 We have N = 280 We have
N 280 h = 2; A = 18, N = 40 + f,fiui = f – 8, X  18
   140 [½]
2 2 [½]
N 1 
The cumulative frequency just greater than
2
is  Mean  A  h   fi ui  [1]
N 
182 and the corresponding class is 10 – 15.
Thus, 10 – 15 is the median class such that  1
18  18  2   f  8  [½]
l = 10, f = 133, F = 49 and h = 5 [½]  40  f 
N 
 2 F   140  49  2 f  8
Median  l     h  10   5 0 [½]
 f   133  40  f
 
f–8=0
= 13.42 [1]
f=8 [½]
3. Class Frequency [½] 5. Daily Frequency Income Cumulative
[1]
income less than frequency
0 - 10 8
10 - 20 10 100 – 120 12 120 12
20 - 30 10  f0 120 – 140 14 140 26
30 - 40 16  f1 140 – 160 8 160 34
40 - 50 12  f2 160 – 180 6 180 40
50 - 60 6
180 – 200 10 200 50
60 - 70 7
Using these values we plot the points (120, 12)
Here, 30 – 40 is the modal class, and I = 30, (140, 26) (160, 34), (180, 40) (200, 50) on the
h = 10 [½] axes to get less than ogive [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 55
7. [2]
y Marks Number of Marks less Cumulative
students than frequency
50 (200, 50) 0-5 2 Less than 5 2
Cumulative frequency

40 5-10 5 Less than 10 7

(180, 40)
30 (160, 34) 10-15 6 Less than 15 13
20 (140, 26) 15-20 8 Less than 20 21
[2]
10 (120, 12) 20-25 10 Less than 25 31
x
O 25-30 25 Less than 30 56
120 140 160 180 200
Number of workers 30-35 20 Less than 35 76

35-40 18 Less than 40 94

6. Cumulative
[1]
Class Frequency 40-45 4 Less than 45 98
Frequency

0 – 10 f1 f1 45-50 2 Less than 50 100

10 – 20 5 5 + f1
14 + f1
Let us now plot the points corresponding to the
20 – 30 9
30 – 40 12 26 + f1 ordered pairs (5, 2), (10, 7), (15, 13), (20, 21),
40 – 50 f2 26 + f1 + f 2 (25, 31), (30, 56), (35, 76), (40, 94), (45, 98),
50 – 60 3 29 + f1 + f 2 (50, 100). Join all the points by a smooth curve.
60 –70 2 31 + f1 + f 2
Y
Total = 40 = n 100 (45, 98) (50, 100) [1]
(40, 94)
90
Scale

f1 + 5 + 9 + 12 + f2 + 3 + 2 = 40 X-axis 1 cm = 10 units
80
(35, 76)
Y-axis 1 cm = 10 units
f1 + f2 = 40 – 31 = 9 ...(i) 70
Cumulative Freq uency

Median = 32.5 [Given] 60

(30, 56)

 Median Class is 30 – 40 50

 = 30, h = 10, cf = 14 + f1, f = 12 [1] 40

(25, 31)
30
n 
  cf  (20, 21)
Median =    2 h [½] 20
 f  (15, 13)
10 (10, 7)
(Median = 28.8)
 40  (14  f )  (5, 2)
X
 1 
32.5 = 30   2
0
  10
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
[½]
 12  Marks

10
2.5 = (20  14  f1 ) n 100
12 Locate   50 on Y-axis
2 2
3 = 6 – f1
From this point draw a line parallel to X-axis
f1 = 3 [½]
cutting the curve at a point. From this point,
On putting in (i),
draw a perpendicular to X-axis. The point of
f1 + f2 = 9 intersection of perpendicular with the X-axis
f2 = 9 – 3 [∵ f1 = 3] determines the median of the data.

=6 [½] Therefore median = 28.8 [1]

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 56 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
8. Class Frequency Class xifi
[1]  f1  f0 
mark (xi) Mode  I   h
 2f1  f0  f2 
0 – 20 6 10 60
 12  10 
20 – 40 8 30 240  60     20
 2  12  10  6 
40 – 60 10 50 500
= 65 [1]
60 – 80 12 70 840
9. Weight Cumulative [2]
80 – 100 6 90 540
(More than type)
100 – 120 5 110 550
120 – 140 3 130 390 More than 38 35

fi = 50 fi xi = 3120 More than 40 32

More than 42 30
Mean 
 xi fi
 fi More than 44 26

More than 46 21
3120
 More than 48 7
50
= 62.4 [1] More than 50 3

More than 52 0
Less than
Class f cumulative Weight (in kg) Number of students
frequency Upper class limits (Cumulative frequency)

0 – 20 6 6
Less than 38 0
20 – 40 8 14
Less than 40 3
40 – 60 10 24
Less than 42 5
60 – 80 12 36
80 – 100 6 42 Less than 44 9

100 – 120 5 47 Less than 46 14

120 – 140 3 50 Less than 48 28

Less than 50 32
 n = fi = 50
More than 52 35
n [2]
 25
2 Taking upper class limits on x-axis and their
 Median class = 60 – 80 [1] respective cumulative frequency on y-axis its
ogive give can be drawn as follows:
n  y
  c.f 
Median  I   2
35
h
 f  30 Less than
 
25
frequency (cf)

 25  24  20
Cumulative

Median  60     20
 12  15
Median = 61.66 [1] 10

Mode : 5 More than

Maximum class frequency = 12 x

0
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
 Model class = 60 – 80 [1] Upper class limits

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Mathematics 57
Here, n = 35
N
So,  25
2
n
 17.5
2 Cumulative frequency just greater than 25 is 37.
There is a intersection point of less than and
more than ogive mark that point A whose  Median class 40–50
ordinate is 17.5 and its x-coordinate is 46.5.
Therefore, median of this data is 46.5. [2]
N 
10. Class fi Class Fixi [1]   C.f 
mark(xi) Median     2 h
f
 
0 – 10 4 5 20  
10 – 20 4 15 60
Here  = 40
20 – 30 7 25 175
N = 50
30 – 40 10 35 350
Cf = 25, f = 12, h = 10
40 – 50 12 45 540

50 – 60 8 55 440  25  25 
Median  40    10  40  0
60 – 70 5 65 325  12 

f i = 50 f ixi = 1910
Median  40 [1]
1910
mean   38.2 [1]
50 Mode :
Cumulative
Class Frequency Maximum frequency = 12 so modal class 40 – 50
frequency

0 – 10 4 4
 f1  f0 
mode     
10 – 20 4 8  2f1  f0  f2 

20 – 30 7 15
Here  = 40, h = 10
30 – 40 10 25 f0 = 10 f1 = 12 f2 = 8
40 – 50 12 37
 12  10 
Mode = 40     10
50 – 60 8 45  2  12  10  8 
60 – 70 5 50
Mode = 40 + 3.33
N = 50
[1] = 43.33 [2]

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