ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ KIỂM TRA CUỐI HỌC PHẦN
VIỆN ĐÀO TẠO MỞ Học phần: Giao thoa văn hóa
1
VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN
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ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ KIỂM TRA CUỐI HỌC PHẦN
VIỆN ĐÀO TẠO MỞ Học phần: Giao thoa văn hóa
1
VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN
You are required to answer all the following questions.
1. What is cross-cultural communication? (2 points)
Cross-cultural communication: communication (verbal and nonverbal) between
people from different cultures; communication that is influenced by cultural values,
attitudes, and behavior; the influence of culture on people’s reactions and responses to
each other.
2. There are a number of definitions of culture. What do you think is the most
adequate definition? Why do you think so? (3 points)
Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values,
attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations,
concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of
people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
I think the above mentioned definition is the most adequate one because this definition
fully covers all elements of culture related to all aspects of human's material and
spiritual life while the remaining definitions only refer to a part, elements of culture.
Culture is created, accumulated and shared by people in a certain group through
practical activities, communication styles, customs, beliefs, attitudes, values, and
through the interaction between people and the natural and social environment.
Every country in the world possesses its own culture. For example, people from
Western societies build equal and non-hierarchical relationships. Staff can go out and
have meals with their manager as their friends. Whereas, Asian staff seem more
reserved and they often keep a distance and have to listen to their manager's orders.
For another instance, Westerners value punctuality in every meeting and appointment
because they think time is money. Therefore, they often arrived at a designated time
while Vietnamese people often delay and stretch the time compared to the scheduled
time.
3. What is the basic difference between high-context and low-context cultures? (3
points)
The basic distinction between high and low-context cultures is meant to highlight
differences in the degree of context dependence as well as verbal and nonverbal
communication styles.
For high-context cultures, communication depends much on the context of the
conversation. Communication is often indirect, implicit, subtle, layered, and nuanced.
There are non-verbal cues in this type of culture like the tone of voice, eye
movements, gestures, and facial expressions that carry a great deal of meaning.
Countries following high-context culture are Oriental countries, Greece, Turkey.
On the flipside, low-context cultures depend a little on the context. They value
precision, specificity and clarity in communications. Therefore, it requires attention to
the literal meanings of words than to the context surrounding them. Some countries
that fall into low-context cultures are Swiss, German, North Americans.
For example, people in a high context culture such as Oriental countries often follow
orders of their managers without any debates although the ideas of their managers are
wrong. Meanwhile, Western people are very straightforward and they prefer to speak
up their voice in meetings without hesitation.